Industrial Areas Research Articles

Evaluation of the Body Burden of Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in the Blood Serum of Residents of the Czech Republic

Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) are environmental contaminants known for their persistence and bioaccumulation in fatty tissues. SCCPs are considered potential carcinogens and endocrine disruptors, with similar effects expected for MCCPs. This study investigated the body burden of SCCPs and MCCPs in residents of two regions of the Czech Republic with different levels of industrial pollution. Blood serum samples from 62 individuals in Ceske Budejovice (control area) and Ostrava (industrial area) were analysed. The results showed higher concentrations of SCCPs (<120–650 ng/g lipid weight (lw)) and MCCPs (<240–1530 ng/g lw) in Ostrava compared to Ceske Budejovice (SCCPs: <120–210 ng/g lw, MCCPs: <240–340 ng/g lw). The statistical analysis revealed no significant correlations between chemical concentrations and demographic variables such as age, BMI, or gender. The findings are consistent with European and Australian studies but significantly lower than levels reported in China. This is the first comprehensive survey of SCCPs and MCCPs in human blood serum in the Czech Republic and the second study in Europe. The data collected in this study are essential for assessing SCCPs and MCCPs. They will contribute to a better understanding the potential health risks associated with exposure to these chemicals.

Efficient Adsorption of Ionic Liquids in Water Using -SO3H-Functionalized MIL-101(Cr): Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism.

With the increasing application of ionic liquids (ILs) in industrial areas, the removal of ILs from aqueous media has attracted considerable attention due to their potential environmental impact. In this study, we investigated the adsorption behavior and removal mechanism of ILs in water using the metal-organic framework material MIL-101(Cr) and its sulfonated derivative MIL-101(Cr)-SO3H. It was observed that MIL-101(Cr)-SO3H exhibited notably elevated adsorption capacity (1.19 mmol/g) and rapid adsorption kinetics (1.66 g/mmol·min-1) for [C4mim]Cl in comparison to its unmodified form, underscoring the impact of strategic sulfonation on enhancing adsorption. Also, MIL-101(Cr)-SO3H showcased the effective removal of various ILs featuring diverse cations and varying anions, highlighting its broad-spectrum capture capacities. The adsorption process is less influenced by the type of cations and anions. In contrast, enhanced adsorption of [C16mim]Cl by MIL-101(Cr)-SO3H demonstrated that the length of the alkyl chain of ILs' cation exerted a more significant influence on the adsorption than the type of head and tail group. This enhancement is attributed to a synergistic interplay of pore filling, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and micelle enrichment. These findings provided valuable insights into optimizing the design of metal-organic framework materials for the efficient removal of IL pollutants.

Soil health assessment of croplands adjacent to industrial areas in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu

Soil health is a vital determinant of agricultural productivity and the supply of essential ecosystem services, including water retention, nutrient cycling and the support of microbial communities. However, industrial activities near croplands can adversely affect soil health through contamination by pollutants such as heavy metals, chemicals and waste materials. This study evaluates the soil health of agricultural lands adjacent to industrial areas in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, with an emphasis on physical, chemical and biological soil properties. A total of 128 soil samples were collected and categorized into three groups: Primary Impact Sites (PIS), Secondary Impact Sites (SIS) and Reference Soils (RS). The analysis revealed that soils in proximity to industrial zones exhibited significant degradation in key indicators, such as bulk density, water holding capacity (WHC), organic carbon (OC) content and microbial activity. Soils at Primary Impact Sites demonstrated the most pronounced decline, characterized by higher bulk density, reduced WHC and lower OC levels, indicative of poor structure of soil and diminished fertility. In contrast, soils at Secondary Impact Sites and Reference Soils exhibited better overall quality, with higher microbial activity and enhanced nutrient retention. The findings of this study emphasize the indirect effects of industrialization on agricultural productivity through soil degradation.

ANALISIS YURIDIS LEGALITAS KEPEMILIKAN HAK ATAS TANAH DI PULAU REMPANG, KEPULAUAN RIAU

This research focuses on the government's plan to develop Rempang Island as an industrial and tourism area through the "Rempang Eco City" project. In this case, the community rejected the existence of the plan because the community considered that there was no certainty for their lives if the land was relocated to be used as an industrial area. The problem in writing this article is only limited to discussing the legality of land rights ownership on Rempang Island, Riau Islands. The writing of this article uses normative legal research methods. This is inseparable from the existing laws and regulations regarding the ownership of land rights regulated in the provisions of the 1945 Constitution, UUPA Number 5 of 1960, Regulation of the Minister of State for Agrarian Affairs/Head of the National Land Agency Number 5 of 1999 and Law Number 39 of 1999. The results of this study show that there is still uncertainty and concern, especially legal certainty for the people on Rempang Island. The planning carried out by the government for the community has also not been maximized. Therefore, it is necessary to have an intensive and inclusive dialogue between all parties to build mutual trust and understanding which is done with the involvement and participation of the community.

Thermo-Mechanical Coupled Analysis of Electric Vehicle Drive Shafts

With the growing concerns over global warming and abnormal weather patterns, the development of eco-friendly technologies has emerged as a critical research area in the transportation industry. In particular, the global automotive market, one of the most widely used sectors, has witnessed a surge in research on electric vehicles (EVs) in line with these trends. Compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, EVs require components with high strength and durability to achieve optimal performance. This study focuses on the development of a constant velocity (CV) joint, a critical component for reliably transmitting the maximum output of an electric vehicle motor. Unlike conventional numerical methods, the proposed thermo-mechanical coupled analysis simultaneously accounts for thermal and mechanical interactions, providing more realistic operational performance predictions. This analysis, conducted using the thermal modules of Ls-Dyna and ANSYS Mechanical, effectively simulated field operation scenarios. Prototype testing under simulated conditions showed a 6% discrepancy compared to numerical predictions, validating the high accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. This robust thermo-mechanical coupled analysis is expected to improve the durability and reliability of CV joint designs, advancing electric vehicle component development.

SOIL POLLUTION AND HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION: INSIGHT FROM EFFLUENT DISCHARGED FROM CHALLAWA INDUSTRIAL AREA, NIGERIA

The discharge of industrial wastewater represents a significant source of environmental pollution, particularly in developing regions where regulatory enforcement is often insufficient. This study examined the chemical characteristics of effluent discharged from three locations (LA, LB, and LC) close to the Challawa Industrial Area in Kano, Nigeria, and determined their effects on nearby soil. Effluent samples were analysed for pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), phosphates (PO), nitrates (NO-N) and critical toxic heavy metals (HMs) such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd). Simultaneously, soil samples from three locations near the discharge point were evaluated for pH, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). The results revealed that effluent concentrations of HMs and nutrients far exceeded the permissible limits of the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency. The Pb (90.79 mg/L), Cd (10.06 g/L), Zn (33.43 mg/L), Cr (4.49 mg/L), and Cu (12.76 mg/L) concentrations were well above the regulatory limits of 0.05 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L, 0.05 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L, and 0.02 mg/L, respectively. The Phosphate (299.74 mg/L) and nitrate (381.97 mg/L) levels also exceeded NESREA standards, indicating a significant risk of eutrophication in nearby water bodies. Regression analysis revealed that higher pH tended to increase the concentration of both nutrients, with P showing a more consistent and stronger association (p<0.05) than nitrogen. This study, therefore, highlight that HMs contamination is evident in the soils around the study area, posing risks to soil fertility and agricultural productivity.

Assessing PFAS in Drinking Water: Insights from the Czech Republic's Risk-Based Monitoring Approach.

This study investigates the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the drinking water supplies in the Czech Republic using a risk-based monitoring approach. Tap water samples (n=27) from sources close to areas potentially contaminated with PFAS were analysed. A total of 28 PFAS were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction. Total PFAS concentrations (∑PFAS) varied from undetectable to 90.8 ng/L, with perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) being the most abundant, detected in over 70% of samples. Risk-based monitoring in drinking water showed that commercial wells had higher PFAS levels compared to tap water, particularly C4-C9 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), possibly due to proximity to industrial areas. However, the hypothesis that risk-based monitoring is more effective than random monitoring was not confirmed, possibly because specific sources did not produce the target PFAS or because of the wide range and less obvious sources of potential contamination. The study also assessed exposure risks and compliance with regulatory thresholds. Weekly intake estimates for adults and children indicated that regular consumption of most contaminated water sample would exceed the tolerable weekly intake. Compared to EU regulations, none of the tap water samples exceeded the 'Sum of PFAS' parametric value of 100 ng/L, though one sample approached this limit. In addition, surface water samples from the Jizera River (n=21) showed a wider range of PFAS, with C7-C10 PFCAs, PFBS, and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in every sample, with higher PFOS concentrations at a median of 2.56 ng/L. ∑PFAS concentrations increased downstream, rising from 1.08 ng/L near the spring to 26 ng/L downstream. This comprehensive analysis highlights the need for detailed/areal monitoring to also address hidden or non-obvious sources of PFAS contamination.

THE ROLE OF THE KARAWANG GOVERNMENT IN ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (AIR POLLUTION) CAUSED BY COMPANIES IN THE KARAWANG AREA

Environmental pollution, especially air pollution, has become a serious problem in many countries including Indonesia. Industrial cities such as Karawang City have a big challenge in overcoming air pollution problems, which are mostly caused by the industrial sector and motorized vehicles. This research aims to find out what the Karawang government should do to overcome the pollution produced by factories in Karawang City and how effective the Karawang Regency Regional Regulation Number 14 of 2012 concerning Environmental Protection and Management is. In 2023, Karawang experienced very high levels of air pollution until the air quality index value reached 178. The impact of this was that many people were affected by ARI, even the smoke produced by factories in Karawang had an impact on Jakarta and surrounding areas. To address this air pollution problem, the Karawang government has a major role in accordance with the local regulation (Perda) on Environmental Protection and Management, that the government is responsible for establishing effective regulatory policies, taking firm action against business owners whose factories do not comply with government regulations, and supervising factories that have the potential to pollute the air. Although there are local regulations that deal with air pollution problems, in reality these regulations are not fully effective, because there are still many factories that do not comply with the rules and the sanctions given are not burdensome and provide a deterrent effect, so the government needs to evaluate the regional regulation in dealing with air pollution problems in Karawang City.Keywords: air pollution; government; industrial area

Nationwide monitoring of polychlorinated naphthalenes in soils across South Korea: Spatial distribution, source identification, and health risk assessment.

The production and use of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were banned several decades ago, but they continue to be detected due to their persistence in surface environments and ongoing emissions from combustion-related sources. This study presents the first nationwide monitoring data for PCNs in soils collected from 61 sites across South Korea. Industrial sites (mean: 127 pg/g, median: 91.4 pg/g) exhibited higher concentrations of Σ63 PCNs than urban (mean: 53.1 pg/g, median: 50.0 pg/g) and suburban (mean: 52.2 pg/g, median: 23.3 pg/g) sites. Tri- and tetra-CNs were the dominant homologues, with CN-14/24 being the most abundant congeners. The majority of PCN contamination at these sites was attributed to combustion sources and historical emissions from Halowax mixtures. Σ63 PCNs and toxic equivalencies (TEQs) were moderately correlated with the number of companies potentially emitting PCNs, industrial electricity usage, and SO2 concentrations, indicating a significant influence of anthropogenic sources on PCN contamination. The 95th percentile cancer risks for both adults and children across all sites were within the acceptable range (< 10-6) set by the US EPA. However, the higher risks observed for children underscore the importance of ongoing PCN monitoring. This study provides valuable insights into the spatial distribution and human exposure to PCNs in soils across South Korea. Based on these initial nationwide findings, comprehensive monitoring of PCNs and other dioxin-like compounds in industrial areas is recommended.

Pırasa (Allium ampeloprasum) atığının mikroalg Chlorella vulgaris kültürü için potansiyeli: Ön değerlendirme

Leek is an economical and healthy plant species. It contains rich dietary fibers, amino acids, bioactive compounds that increase its antioxidant capacity and more than 20 different fatty acids. It is rich in potassium, iron and selenium and can be used as a valuable source for microalgae cultivation. For impotance of leek, this study investigated the biomass production of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae species with leek leaf waste. To obtain the leek extract to be used for the experiment, leek leaves were dried in an oven at 40 °C and crushed in a mortar and pestle and filtered. Leek leaves were first dissolved with 10 ml DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide) to 0.1 g/L and diluted with distilled water to a final volume of 100 ml. Chlorella vulgaris was exposed to leek extract concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 g/L for 72 hours and BG-11 enrichment medium was used in the control group. According to the data obtained, when leek leaves were used in the cultivation of C. vulgaris microalgae, a very high increase of 160% was observed at a concentration of 0.05 g/L compared to BG-11 enrichment medium. However, in the group where leek leaves were used completely, 64% increase was observed compared to the control group. This study proved that C. vulgaris have significant potential for food industries and the biocompost of vegetables is a suitable medium for microalgae cultivation. This study has proven that the use of vegetable wastes is suitable for obtaining a culture with high biomass of C. vulgaris microalgae, which has been used intensively in different areas of the food industry, and that leek wastes in particular provide high biomass growth. Therefore, the lower concentration of leek served as the best medium to increase the growth and biomass of C. vulgaris. This study proves that costs can be reduced and sustainable effective culture techniques can be used in microalgae culture by using vegetable wastes such as leek waste, which provides high biomass growth even at low concentrations.

The THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 66 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT LAW OF STRATEGIC LEGAL ACTION AGAINST PUBLIC PARTICIPATION DUE TO CRIMINAL ACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESTRUCTION AT STATE COURT

Environmental problems are increasingly diverse in all regions from small scale to serious large scale. Article 66 reporting on allegations of environmental pollution will be protected by the state. However, the current reality is that the victims are getting worse, deprived of rights and no legal protection by a party in the legal efforts taken. Researchers will examine more deeply the views of judges as law enforcers regarding the existence of Article 66. This empirical research used normative-descriptive, by describing the judges' opinions on the implementation of Article 66 on Strategic Legal Action Against Public Participation and analyzed with an Administrative Law Perspective. The study results indicate that the judge believes there are still few reports or lawsuits on environmental cases because Jember is not yet a large-scale industrial area. By law, article 66 is a form of protection that must be implemented properly. However, it must be careful and accommodate all existing values. Because the judiciary cannot reject every registered lawsuit.

PENGUKURAN pH, DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO), DAN TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLID (TDS) PADA SUNGAI WILAYAH INDUSTRI COR LOGAM KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI SELATAN

Water is essential for human life, used daily for drinking, cooking, bathing, washing, and various other purposes. The presence of industrial waste can significantly impact the water quality of rivers located in industrial areas. In North Daha District, South Kalimantan, there is a metal casting industry that discharges its waste into a nearby river. Therefore, measuring the water quality of the river is necessary to determine the level of pollution caused by industrial waste. The objective of this study is to obtain parameters from water quality tests, such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and total dissolved solid (TDS), to assess the river's condition before and after metal casting processed. Additionally, the study aims to compare the test results against water quality standards for public consumption. The research method involves direct measurement of river water using a multiparameter water quality testing instrument. The test results before metal casting processed are pH 6,33 – 6,47; DO 1,03 – 2,18 ppm; and TDS 45 – 65 ppm. The test result after casting processed are pH 6,57 – 6,85; DO 6,66 – 13,19 ppm; and TDS 43 – 48 ppm. Comparing from PP RI Number 82 (2001) that the metal casting industry activities have water criterion within the range allowable values. That indicate the industry do not contaminate the river in the industrial area. The river pollution is primarily caused by tidal phenomena, particularly during low tide conditions.

Comprehensive air quality analysis in Karbala: Investigating the relationships between meteorological factors and pollutants across different landscapes

Atmospheric elements interact with pollutants in complex, multidimensional ways, affecting air quality. Understanding these relationships requires a comprehensive analysis of time-series weather and pollutant data which has a negative or positive impact on the ecosystem and human health. This study examines the relationships between meteorological factors and air pollutants in Karbala, Iraq, using data from January 2021 to June 2024. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that photochemical smog (45-46%), particulate matter (20-22%), and meteorological effects on particulates (14-16%) are the main factors influencing air pollution. PM2.5 was the dominant pollutant, impacting air quality on 84-88% of days, followed by ozone on 12-16%. Winter showed the best air quality, while summer had no "Good" days. Among the four areas studied, the desert suburb had the cleanest air, and the industrial area the most polluted. These findings offer crucial insights for air quality management in the region.

Numerical study of entropy production and EMHD effects in a peristaltic motion of Prandtl fluid with solid particles and porous medium

Particulate-fluid flow involving chemical reactions plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical manufacturing, catalytic converters, and combustion processes. This research focuses on the analysis of mass and thermal transfer, highlighting the influence of electroosmosis and magnetic forces on the flow of Prandtl fluid through a peristaltic porous micro-channel. In addition, the multiphase flow attitude, affected by chemical reactions, is extensively examined. The flow model is formulated by utilizing the lubrication theory estimation, integrating lengthy-wavelength and creeping flow approximation to simplify the considered problem. To further simplify the problem, Debye linearization is used, resulting in a set of two ordinary differential equations. The outcomes indicate that velocity drops with rising magnetic field, while it enhances with the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity coefficient. Furthermore, thermal distribution increases with greater concentrations of solid fragments and greater magnetic field. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing mass and thermal conveyance in peristaltic problems, with potential appliances spanning numerous industrial and biomedical areas.

The disparities in health risks of multiple pollutants through soil and dietary exposure in a rural-urban area based on accessibility method.

Rapid urbanization has resulted in disparities in environmental conditions for different communities in suburban area. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the occurrence of pollutants in the soil and dietary food, and associated health risks in an urban-rural transitional area. The levels of potential toxic pollutants, notably metals, organophosphate esters (OPEs), and agrochemicals in surface soil and dietary food were evaluated. Higher levels of metals and OPEs were found in soils of industrial area, and agricultural soils had an elevated level of agrochemicals. The highest health risk was found for Chromium (Cr) which exceeded 1, indicating a high probability of adverse non-cancer effect to local residents. The levels of contaminants in food showed higher variability in community market and farmers' market than in supermarket, while higher levels of OPEs were found in food from supermarkets. The accessibility to fresh food mainly determined the differences in health risks of different communities. For dietary exposure, residents of industrial areas have higher levels of risk than other neighborhoods, mainly due to the possibility of exposure of foodstuffs with higher metal contents. In terms of market type, community markets mainly contributed to the comprehensive health risk through dietary exposure, especially for industrial and agricultural communities. The findings of this study provided further understanding of the spatial distribution of various contaminants as well as their health risks for different communities, which could guide the monitoring and management of potential toxic pollutants to safeguard public health in rural-urban transitional regions.

Fluoride and nitrate contamination in groundwater of Naini Industrial Area, Uttar Pradesh: assessing non-carcinogenic human health risk

Groundwater is the main source of drinking water globally; however, its quality has been deteriorated due to various geogenic and anthropogenic activities. The groundwater quality of Naini Industrial Area, Prayagraj was studied seasonally to evaluate the fluoride and nitrate contamination pertaining to human health risk assessment. The samples were collected from 60 locations in the pre- monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon season. The fluoride and nitrate were assessed with the help of Ion chromatography. The NO3– concentration exceeded the Indian drinking water quality standards in 27% of the groundwater samples. The NO₃⁻ contamination is predominantly associated with agricultural practices, while F⁻ can be linked to natural geological sources. The non-carcinogenic human health risk assessment was quantified by calculating the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) were calculated as per USEPA methodology for male, female and child population. The findings indicate that the child population is particularly susceptible to health risks associated with the ingestion of F– and NO₃⁻ through the drinking water pathway. Across all the sampled sites, the Hazard Index (HI) values varied from 0.10 to 12.3 for males, 0.09 to 10.6 for females, and 0.16 to 19.7 for children suggesting substantial risk to the local populace at more than half of the locations which is largely related to nitrate contamination. Thus, the study suggests that groundwater at many locations is unsuitable for drinking without treatment pertaining to the probable health risk they pose to consumers advocating upgraded water management plan for the residents.

Utilization of SAR Data to Evaluate Industrial Locations on the North Coast of Central Java

Abstract Central Java province, located on the northern coast of Java Island, holds a strategic position as a busy land transportation route, connecting cities in southern Central Java and East Java with the capital city. The growth of industrial centers and industrial zones along the northern coast of Central Java is a positive effect of this position. However, the subsidence of land along the northern coast of Central Java is its negative impact. This can be detrimental to industrial areas and settlements along the northern coast of Central Java. Therefore, spatial planning must consider this land subsidence. The utilization of SAR data to periodically monitor land subsidence is crucial in formulating spatial arrangements that can accommodate the impact of land subsidence. In this study, to obtain land subsidence, the InSAR method was used. The data processed in this study consisted of Sentinel 1 from 2015 – 2023. It was found that land subsidence in the coastal areas of northern Central Java ranges from 0 to 25 cm per year. This data on land subsidence serves as an important basis for policymakers, planners, and stakeholders to develop more effective adaptation and mitigation strategies in spatial planning in the coastal areas of northern Central Java.

Low-Cost Embedded System Design for Smart Home Automation Using RF Technology

Abstract Applications for smart home technologies can be described as the adaptation of control systems used in industrial areas to modern living environment of people. Home automation systems are the systematic and seamless adaptation of smart home technologies to the individual’s personal needs and desires. Smart homes encompass a range of technologies designed to cater to the needs of residents, simplifying their daily routines and contributing to a more comfortable and secure way of life. Nowadays, most buildings are constructed with expensive, builtin smart home technology. However, when it comes to old buildings without smart home technology, integrating this technology into those structures can be challenging due to the requirement for intrusive overhead wall modifications necessary for installing the technological infrastructure. In this study, a radio frequency based low-cost embedded system is designed to bring intelligent technology to existing homes or old buildings. Various sub-units have been designed and established to be situated in different places of the house. Physical events and situations that occur in the house are sensed by the sub-units and transmitted to the main control unit by means of a specially developed communication protocol via radio frequency signals. This removes the cable clutter and creates a more flexible and easy installation environment.

Assessment of Air Pollutants for Baba Industrial Area at Kirkuk Oil Field, Iraq

Oil fields are considered one of the major sources of air pollutants, such as particulate matter and many pollutant gases, which contribute to long-term health impacts and the phenomena of the greenhouse effect. The present study concentrated on the effect of hourly emissions from gas flares in the North Oil Company Baba industrial area on concentrations of air pollutants PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 monitored in four regions surrounding the oil field ,Gurga Chal, Alaw Mahmood, Tisin, and Yaychi, and neighbors in Kirkuk City, at different seasons during 2022. In the Tisin region, the average concentration of particulate matter affected by the Baba industrial area, and exceeded the permissible limits for pollutants, reaching 25.2 µg/m3 within 24 hours in April, while the rest of the pollutant's highest concentrations were observed in winter within the allowable limits. Spatial distribution of the same pollutants (highest hourly concentration) in Kirkuk Governorate using CAMS hourly data for spatial resolution 10km shows significant variation in pollutant concentrations across all months. Spatial analysis exhibits that Hawija District (southwest of Kirkuk) has the highest pollutant levels. Areas with high industrial activity, like the Fatha area near Salah Al-Din Governorate, showed higher SO2 levels affecting other pollutant levels, especially in Hawiga Discrete. The study concludes that the gas flares from the Baba industrial area contribute to air pollution, particularly increasing PM2.5 levels in the Tisin region near Kirkuk city, southern the North oil company. However, the overall, gas flares impact less significant than other pollution sources from Salah Al-Din Governorate. These regions have industrial activities reflect a greater influence on the air quality.

THE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE IN THE TRANS AMADI INDUSTRIAL LAYOUT AREA IN RIVERS STATE

The relationship of man with the environment is necessarily symbiotic; the equilibrium between the two must be maintained at all cost. This study has been conducted to elaborate on the environmental and socioeconomic impacts that result from industrial hazardous waste due to indiscriminate dumping of waste. Trans Amadi industrial area was chosen as the study area and follows its waste from the resource generator up to the dumping of waste. The research followed many ways of collecting data and information to assess the impacts of industrial waste on the environment, which results in a series of harmful problems. The negative impact of environmental pollution accumulates and appears as a serious problem after many years if not properly managed, causing natural resources degradation such as surface and groundwater pollution, soil degradation due to accumulation of chemicals such (as zinc and manganese) and waste on surface and loss of vegetation cover. This also leads to air pollution, which increases respiratory disease in the area. Consequently, it results in human health deterioration and a decrease in income.