Areas Of Heilongjiang Province Research Articles

Magnesium Fertilization Affected Rice Yields in Magnesium Sufficient Soil in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China.

Magnesium (Mg) plays a crucial role in rice yield. Heilongjiang Province is the main rice-producing region of China, playing an important role in guaranteeing China's and the world's grain security. However, rarely Mg fertilization is applied in this province. Soil Mg status of main rice-producing areas in Heilongjiang Province was investigated and Mg fertilizer experiments were conducted aiming to provide fertilizer recommendation in this region. A total of 358 soil samples from the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layer from the main rice-producing areas of Heilongjiang Province were collected to analyze soil exchangeable Mg (ex-Mg) and relative chemical properties. Meanwhile, field experiments of soil and foliar Mg application were performed in 2017–2019 to identify the effect of this nutrient on rice yield. The results showed that the ex-Mg concentration in the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layer was 282 mg kg−1 and 243 mg kg−1, respectively. Moreover, ex-Mg ranged on the abundant and exceptionally abundant level accounted for 75% in 0–20 cm and 55.3% in 20–40 cm. The ex-Mg concentration in the upper soil layer was higher than in the lower soil layer and varied depending on regions, which the west part of Heilongjiang Province showed the highest concentration in both soil layers. Correlation analysis showed that there had a significant (P < 0.05) linear relationship between ex-Mg and pH, CEC, ex-K, Ca, K/Mg, and Ca/Mg. Meanwhile, the results of path coefficients demonstrated that pH, CEC, and Ca/Mg had the most direct effect on ex-Mg concentration among these above factors. Soil Mg application had little effect on rice yield, which might be related to the soil Mg concentration and availability, and root uptake activity. Foliar Mg application increased rice yield by 8.45% (P < 0.05) compared to without Mg treatment, increased 1,000-grain weight by 2.62% (P < 0.05), and spikelet number per panicle by 4.19% (P < 0.05). In general, the paddy soil ex-Mg concentration in Heilongjiang Province was abundant. Soil-applied Mg played little role in rice yield in ex-Mg abundant regions, while foliar application increased rice yields significantly via increasing 1,000-grain weight and spikelet number per panicle.

Factors of potato economic growth in Heilongjiang Province from the perspective of low-carbon economy

In this paper, potato was taken as the study object, and Heilongjiang Province, the main grain producing area of China, was selected as the study area. According to the statistical data of potato production inputs from 2009 to 2015, the co-integration theory was used to analyze the relationship between the input of potato production factors in Heilongjiang Province and output value of potato from the perspective of low-carbon economy, it is concluded that the economic growth of potato does not simply rely on the input of production factors, but also needs targeted increase of factor input according to the contribution rate of agricultural production factors in potato economic growth. According to the carbon emission coefficient of agricultural chemical substances and the carbon adsorption capacity of the forest, the forest area needed to absorb the carbon emissions from the agricultural chemicals produced in the potato production in Heilongjiang Province was calculated, and the present forest area of Heilongjiang Province could fully meet the uptake of carbon in agricultural production. In the context of potato staple food strategy and as a major grain producing area, Heilongjiang Province can give full play to its advantages, make a comprehensive layout of potato cultivation, optimize the potato industry structure and boost potato production.

Spatio-temporal dynamic of quality of life of residents, Northeast China

Quality of life (QOL) is a hotspot issue that has attracted increasing attention from the Chinese Government and scholars, it is also a vital issue that should be addressed during the cause of ′establishing overall well-off society′. Northeast China is one of the most import old industrial bases in China, however, the industrial structure of heavy chemical industry and the development mode of ′production first, living last′ have leaded to series of social problems, which have also become a serious bottleneck to social stability and economic sustainable development. Through applying the methods of BP neural network, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and spatial regression model, this paper examines the space-time dynamics of QOL of the residents in Northeast China. We first investigate the indexes of QOL of the residents and then use ESDA methods to visualize its space-time relationship. We have found a spatial agglomeration of QOL of the residents in middle-southern Liaoning Province, central Jilin Province and Harbin-Qiqihar-Daqing area of Heilongjiang Province. Two third of the counties are low-low spatial correlation, and the correlative type of about 60% of the prefecture level areas keeps stable, indicating QOL of the residents in Northeast China shows a certain character of path dependence or spatial locked. We have also found that economic strength and development levels of service industry have positive and obvious effect on QOL of the residents, while the effect of such indexes as the social service level and the proportion of the tertiary industries are less.

Mechanism Analysis of Hydraulic Cutting Outburst Prevention Measure Applied to Mining Area of Heilongjiang Province

Grave protrusion coal seam tunnelling hydraulic cutting outburst prevention measure is a new technology in the world. The measure had been applied successfully to Jiaozuo Coal Group and run well. The mining areas of Heilongjiang are characterized by complex geological structures, more medium-thickness protrusion coal seam and abundant groundwater, on the basis of referring to technical parameters of the outburst prevention measures of Jiaozuo Coal Group, the outburst prevention mechanism of hydraulic cutting applied to medium-thickness protrusion coal seam was analyzed from the coal stress surrounding hole, internal forces of gas, stress concentrated zone and its moving speed, thickness of pressure released zone and intensity change of coal, and the feasibility of hydraulic cutting outburst prevention technique applied to Heilongjiang was verified. This provides theoretical basis for the technique applied to mining area of Heilongjiang Province.

Prevalence and Genetic Characterizations of Cryptosporidium spp. in Pre-Weaned and Post-Weaned Piglets in Heilongjiang Province, China

Background Cryptosporidium spp. are common intestinal protozoa of humans and animals. There have been few studies conducted on the molecular characterizations of pig-derived Cryptosporidium isolates worldwide, especially in China. Thus, the aim of the present study was to understand the prevalence, distribution and genotypes of Cryptosporidium in pigs in Heilongjiang Province, China.Methodology/Principal FindingsA total of 568 fecal samples from pre-weaned and post-weaned piglets were collected from eight pig farms from four areas of Heilongjiang Province. The average infection rate of Cryptosporidium was 1.6% (9/568) by microscopy. 113 samples were subjected to PCR amplification of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium, with 55.8% (63/113) being positive for Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium suis (n = 31) and C. scrofarumn (n = 32) were identified by DNA sequencing of the SSU rRNA gene. Three types of C. scrofarumn were found at the SSU rRNA locus, with one novel type being detected. Using species/genotype-specific primers for pig-adapted Cryptosporidium spp., 22 and 23 respectively belonged to C. suis and C. scrofarum mono-infections, with 18 co-infections detected. The infection peaks for C. suis (60%, 24/40) and C. scrofarum (51.2%, 21/41) were respectively found in the piglets of 5 to 8 weeks and more than 8 weeks.Conclusion/SignificanceThe detection of C. suis and C. scrofarum in pre-weaned and post-weaned piglets has public health implications, due to the fact that the two species are both zoonotic Cryptosporidium. The novel C. scrofarum type detected may be endemic to China.

The Evaluation of Biomass Industry Competitiveness in Rural Areas of Heilongjiang Province Based on the Entropy Method

This paper analyzes the present development situation of biomass industry in rural areas of Heilongjiang province, through the entropy method to quantify the competitiveness of regional industry, evaluates the biomass industry competitiveness in rural areas of Heilongjiang province, points the problem and gives the relevant suggestions.

Relationship between diversity of forest plant and community dynamics in eastern mountain area of Heilongjiang Province, China

The biodiversity was studied in 26 communities with different structures in Maoershan National Park and Liangshui Natural Reserve of Northeast Forestry University in Heilongjiang Province. China. Composition index (CI) was taken as a parameter to quantify the community dynamics, which can nicely describe forest community dynamics, meanwhile, the relationship between diversity and community dynamics were also investigated and analyzed. Results showed that the total number species of community, richness, evenness, and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were obviously different in every community. The richness decreased with the increasing CI of every community, which means richness was in inverse proportion to community dynamics. The Shannon-Wiener index of every community increased from the initial stage to the middle stage of succession, and then decreased in the climax stage. The coverage weighted foliage-height diversity index increased along with the increase of CI, which was similar as the pattern diversity.

Relationship between diversity of forest plant species and environmental gradient in eastern mountainous area of Heilongjiang Province, China

Twenty-three secondary forest communities with different structure were selected in Mao’er Mountain National Park of Heilongjiang Province, China to study the relationship between diversity of forest plant species and environmental gradient. The forest plant species diversity was analyzed by the diversity index, and the environmental factors was quantified by the method of Whittaker’s quantification of environmental gradient. Meanwhile, β-diversity indexes of communities were calculated with similar measurements. The results showed that the Shannon-wiener diversity index of forest plant species increased with the increase of the environmental gradient, and the β-diversity indexes of communities showed a liner increase along with the change of environmental gradient.

Detection of genetically modi-fied ingredients in seed sam-ples from Heilongjiang soy-bean field

A total of 210 soybean samples collected from different areas of Heilongjiang Province were analyzed by PCR to detect the presence of RR (Roundup Ready) soybean ingredient. Results showed that CaMV35S promoter was not detected in all samples. CP4-EPSPS gene was amplified in 13 samples, but all of them were proved to be false positives in restriction endonuclease digestion analysis of PCR products. Further analysis by nested PCR indicated that there were no RR soybean ingredients in the samples. Besides, the amplified fragments of 0x1 by CP4-EPSPS primers were sequenced, and the results confirmed again the fact that this fragment was not from CP4-EPSPS gene.

Primary survey of avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus infection in wild birds in some areas of Heilongjiang Province, China

Two hundred thirty specimens of wild birds were collected from some areas in Heilongjiang Province during the period of 2003-2004, including two batches of specimens collected randomly from a same flock of mallards in Zhalong Natural Reserve in August and December, 2004, respectively. Primary virus isolation and identification for avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were performed. The results showed that only two specimens of young mallards collected from Zhalong Natural Reserve in August, 2004 were positive to AIV (isolation rate 0.9%), and one strain (D57) of these two virus isolates was identified to be H9 subtype by hemagglutination inhibition test. Meanwhile, the two batches of blood serum samples of mallards from Zhalong were also examined for antibodies against AIV and NDV. Among 38 blood serum samples collected in August, antibodies against the hemagglutinin of H1, H3, H5, H6 and H9 subtypes of AIV were found in 1, 0, 2, 0 and 8 samples, respectively; and 11 samples were found with antibody against NDV. Whereas the NDV isolation in both two batches of specimens of mallard was negative, all of the 32 blood serum samples collected in December were negative for antibodies against AIV and NDV.

Method and standard for selecting elite nut trees of Korean pine

The fruit-bearing quantities of nut Korean pines (Pinus Koraiensis) of natural stands in Changbai Mountain, Xiaoxing'an Mountain, and Wanda Mountain and of artificial forest in Hegang area of Heilongjiang Province were investigated and measured by seed collection of singletree during 1988–1998. In order to evaluate the elite nut tree of fructification, the characteristics of fructification of Korena pine, including, the fruit-bearing quantity, output of seed, quantity of cone, cone size, seed size, the ratio of null seed by solid seed, seed percentage of cone, rate of the cones infested with pest, and fruit-bearing index, etc., were analyzed with the variance analysis, multiple comparison and stepwise regression to obtain the contribution ratio of each fruit-bearing factor to fruit-bearing quantity. The multiple correlation factors and the partial correlation factors for fruit-bearing quantities of Korean pine were determined for different geographical areas, and the cone length, thousand-grain-weight, and the seed percentage of cone were considered as important indices for selection of elite trees. The method of modified weighted coefficients was adopted to select the elite nut trees of Korean pine. Standards for selecting elite nut trees from the natural stands and artificial forest of Korean pine were established. This study could provde selection method and standard of elite nut trees for setting up seed orchard of Korean Pine.

Effects of community succession dynamics on forest biodiversity in eastern mountainous area of Heilongjiang Province

Plant, insect and forest structures of 25 forest communities were investigated in Mao'ershan Experimental Forest Farm and Liangshui Experimental Forest Farm during 1994–1995. The paper used continuum index (Ci) as a parameter, to quantitatively describe forest community succession stage. Relationships between the biodiversity and continuum index of forest community were studied. The annual species and family diversities in forest plant community showed nonlinear correlation with continuum index, and the largest diversities were during the middle stage of succession. The diversities of total insect community and herbivorous insect group were negatively related withCi, that of spide group and parasitic insect group was positively related. The pattern diversity and coverage weight diversity index foliage height increased with continuum index.

Energy distribution and biological productivity in Korean pine plantation

This investigation was carried out with the 28-year-old korean Pine plantation in Maoershan Area of Heilongjiang Province. The paper revealed the character of energy distribution in korean Pine plantation. The total solar radiations reaching the canopy were discussed respectively and the change pattern of radiation in the forest were analyzed in detail. The solar radiation received by canopy counts up to 2580. 64 MJ/m2 in growth season, of which. direct solar radiation is 1508. 52 MJ/m2 and scattered radiation 1072. 12 MJ/m2. The radiation energy reaching the forest land surface through the canopy is 277. 25MJ/m2, with a transmissivity of about 10. 74%. The net production formed by photosynthesis of forest is 16. 89 MJ/m2 and the net radiation reception by the ecosystem comes to 1091.88 MJ/m2 during growth seasons, therefore the utilization efficiency of solar radiation energy derived from the net radiation taken as basis is 1.55% in the korean pine plantation.