Arduino Family Research Articles

Towards a Supervised Remote Laboratory Platform for Teaching Microcontroller Programming

As it concerns remote laboratories (RLs) for teaching microcontroller programming, the related literature reveals several common characteristics and a common architecture. Our search of the literature was constrained to papers published in the period of 2020–2023 specifically on remote laboratories related to the subject of teaching microcontroller programming of the Arduino family. The objective of this search is to present, on the one hand, the extent to which the RL platform from the Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU-RLP) for Arduino microcontroller programming conforms to this common architecture and, on the other hand, how it extends this architecture with new features for monitoring and assessing users’ activities over remote labs in the context of pervasive and supervised learning. The HMU-RLP hosts a great number of experiments that can be practiced by RL users in the form of different scenarios provided by teachers as activities that users can perform in their self-learning process or assigned as exercises complementary to the theoretical part of a course. More importantly, it provides three types of assessments of the code users program during their experimentation with RLs. The first type monitors each action users perform over the web page offered by the RL. The second type monitors the activities of users at the hardware level. To this end, a shadow microcontroller is used that monitors the pins of the microcontroller programmed by the users. The third type automatically assesses the code uploaded by the users, checking its similarity with the prototype code uploaded by the instructors. A trained AI model is used to this end. For the assessments provided by the HMU-RLP, the experience API (xAPI) standard is exploited to store users’ learning analytics (LAs). The LAs can be processed by the instructors for the students’ evaluation and personalized learning. The xAPI reporting and visualization tools used in our prototype RLP implementation are also presented in the paper. We also discuss the planned development of such functionalities in the future for the use of the HMU-RLP as an adaptive tool for supervised distant learning.

Development of an IoT Cloud Control System for Managing Pressurized Gas Containers

Automatic remote management of gas cylinders is an important task for gas companies, especially if it saves time and money on replacement and maintenance. The system presented here can be used in various industries that require monitoring of cylinders containing gas, such as industrial, medical, and food. The main advantage offered is the ability to arrange for cylinder replacement in advance to speed up, minimize downtime, and facilitate logistics. Monitoring uses a microcontroller from the Arduino family, which can continuously detect the state inside the cylinder via a pressure transducer. The customer can monitor the system by viewing the cylinder's status locally or through an online dashboard. In addition, if the level inside the cylinder becomes critical, the system turns on a warning LED light and sends an Alert message to the Cloud containing location information. The alert message was generated in the AWS IoT Cloud environment using the MQTT protocol and will be received on a mobile device owned by the cylinder replacement operator. Finally, an energy analysis has been carried out to evaluate the autonomy characteristics of the device.

APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGIC IN THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF ELECTROMECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

The article considers the option of solving the problem of automatic selection of settings of proportional-integral-differential (PID) regulators to control the thermal process with chaotically changing dynamic properties. Based on analytical and experimental data, it illustrates the influence of various factors on changes in the dynamic properties of electromechanical equipment (EME) when heated during operation. The work of classical and fuzzy PID controllers was investigated using simulation models in Matlab and Simulink environments. The article illustrates the expediency of changing the configuration charts of the PID regulator when controlling the process, which can be carried out with the help of a phasing unit that implements variants of the rules for controlling the signals of the charts. The Control System ToolboxTM application was used to determine the application rules for adjusting electrical values. The attractive nature of the changes in the transition processes reflects the graphical and tabular data. Transient processes in a nonlinear control algorithm (NCA) are characterised by improved parametric characteristics. To increase the accuracy of the chart settings, it is advisable to use data from actual thermal events that determine perturbing variables. Realisation of the above-mentioned intelligent device for automatic setting of the real-time regulator, providing the formation of a more accurate output of the control signal, determines the advantages of the proposed engineering solution and the feasibility of its use at similar technological facilities. In the article, the practical implementation of fuzzy logic with the help of the Arduino family microcontroller is recommended. In addition, the stand-alone NCA unit can be used with an additional actuator for smoother thermal control during the operation of EM components, while maintaining the same basic automation system with a classic PID controller. Keywords: electromechanics, automation, controller, microcontroller, modelling, electronic model, fuzzy logic, algorithm, controller settings.

Vehicle Security System Using IoT Application

Abstract: The main purpose of the project is to utilize the wireless technology successfully for the car conditions by utilizing the IOT Technology if there should be an occurrence of robbery suggestion. The main extent of this project is to stop the motor of an automobile naturally. This should be possible at whatever point a man attempting to take the vehicle, around then sends a hinder to a programmable microcontroller of arduino family that stores proprietor's number upon an Intimation message out of the blue .When some individual tries to take the auto then microcontroller gets a prevent and the proprietor gets a SMS that his auto is being stolen then the proprietor login to the IOT based web server and control the vehicle like start buzzering, or can execute engine

Засіб захисту аналогового телефонного зв’язку на основі скремблера зі зміною коефіцієнтів вейвлет-перетворення

The paper proposes a device for providing protection of speech information transmitted over an analog telephone line against unauthorized interception based on a scrambler with modified Latin square wavelet transform coefficients. The developed device consists of hardware and software parts, the hardware part is implemented on the microcontroller platform of the Arduino family, the software part of the device is implemented using the Proteus software environment. As the main part of the functions of the device is performed by a microcontroller, the general structure of the device comprises a microphone, a power supply and an Arduino board. Taking into account the results of the research, it is proposed to modernize the scrambling algorithm by performing permutation operations, matching XOR to the scrambler key, which displays the Latin square itself. A statistical and spectral analysis of the improved method was carried out and a comparison of the execution speed of scrambling algorithms was performed. To improve the security, it was proposed to carry out several stages of permutations of the received coefficients of wavelet transformations. Increasing the variability of the permutations of the wavelet transformation coefficients made it possible to increase the time spent by the attacker on going through all possible combinations. And taking into account that the permutation does not take place in one part of the signal, but in a set of n parts, this in its turn further complicates the procedure of sorting through all possible options. The implementation of the elements of this device with the help of electronic computing equipment and available components makes it an accessible, as well as an effective tool for solving technical information protection tasks, which can ensure the improvement of information protection systems at various business entities.

DIGITAL MEASURING COMPLEX BASED ON ARDUINO NANO 33 BLE SENSE

The laboratory and educational research works are an important component of modern school education and STEM education. The use of digital measuring systems can significantly save time on measurement and mathematical processing of their results. A modern smartphone can become a kind of digital measuring system after installing the Arduino Science Journal or Phyphox (Physical Phone Experiments) mobile application on it. These applications allow you to read, write and analyze data from sensors available on a particular smartphone model, and from external sensors that are part of a digital measuring system built using Arduino. The newest compact platform of the Arduino family is the Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense, which contains a built-in group of sensors. The compactness and low power consumption on the one hand, and the capabilities of mobile applications Arduino Science Journal and Phyphox – on the other hand, allow you to create an autonomous portable digital measuring system with wireless data transmission, which creates additional opportunities and facilities for laboratory and educational research. The possibilities of the proposed digital measuring complex are investigated on the example of laboratory work “Determination of capacitance and energy of a charged capacitor”. As a result of the reproduction of this laboratory work, a fairly close coincidence of the calculated and experimental parameters was obtained. Further development of research character for the considered laboratory work is offered.

Оптимизация тихоходного синхронного генератора модульного типа и принцип реализации системы управления напряжением генератора на основе нейронной сети

A method for optimizing the parameters of a modular half-speed synchronous generator with permanent magnets (PMSG) and the generator voltage control system with a neural network-based algorithm are proposed. The basic design scheme of the modular half-speed PMSG is considered, which features a compact layout of the generator main parts, thereby ensuring the optimal use of the working volume, smaller sizes of the magnetic system, and smaller mass of the active materials used in manufacturing the machine. Owing to the simple and reliable design of the generator, its output parameters can be varied in a wide range with using standard electrical circuits for voltage stabilization and current rectification along with an additional voltage regulation unit. Owing to this feature, the design scheme of the considered generator has essential advantages over the existing analogs with a common cylindrical magnetic core. In view of these circumstances, the development of a high-efficient modular half-speed PMSG as an autonomous DC power source is of both scientific and practical interest; this generator can be used to supply power to a large range of electricity consumers located in rural areas, low-rise residential areas, military communities, allotments etc. In solving the problem of optimizing the generator’s magnetic system, the main electrical machine analysis equation is obtained. The optimal ratios of the winding wire mass to the mass of permanent magnets and of the PM height to the air gap value for achieving the maximum specific useful power output have been determined. An analytical correlation between the optimal design parameters of a half-speed modular PMSG and its power performance parameters has been established. The expediency to develop a neural network-based control system is shown. The number of load-bearing modules of the half-speed PMSG is determined depending on the wind velocity, load factor and the required output voltage. The neural network was trained on the examples of a training sample using a laboratory test bench. The neural network was implemented in the MatLab 2019b environment by constructing a synchronous generator simulation model in the Simulink software extension. The possibility of using the voltage control system of a half-speed modular PMSG with a microcontroller for operation of the neural network platform of the Arduino family (ArduinoDue) independently of the PC is shown.

Comparative analysis of microcontrollers from the Arduino family and other compatible ones

This work concerns the design, creation and testing of popular microcontrollers from the Arduino family, and oth-er selected ones, compatible with the Arduino Software (IDE). The purpose of the tests was to conduct a comparative analysis of selected devices in terms of various aspects of their operation. The following features were thoroughly ana-lyzed: the speed of calculations, heat generation by the device, quality of the received Wi-Fi signal (for those devices that have

Імітатор повітряно-завадової обстановки з використанням системи “Віраж-РД” для оглядових аналогових радіолокаційних станцій

Для якісного навчання бойових обслуг радіолокаційних станцій радіотехнічних військ доцільно використовувати імітатори повітряно-завадової обстановки, яка була б максимально наближена до реальної. Запропоновано імітатор, модель нальоту в якому програмується в персональних електронно-обчислювальних машинах, а відображення обстановки здійснюється на штатних індикаторах кругового огляду радіолокаційних станцій. Для їх зв’язку з комп’ютером розроблені пристрої спряження, які здійснюють синхронізацію роботи та перетворення цифрової інформації у аналогову з подальшою передачею її на радіолокаційну станцію. Для створення повітряно-завадової обстановки використовується система оперативно-тактичних розрахунків та імітаційного моделювання бойових дій “Віраж-РД”. Пристрій спряження виконаний з використанням COTS-технологій на базі сімейства плат Arduino, що дає змогу зробити імітатор низьковартісним. Розроблений імітатор доцільно використовувати в якості тренажно-імітаційного комплексу при навчанні бойових обслуг радіолокаційних станцій.

Design and Implementation of a Pressure Monitoring System Based on IoT for Water Supply Networks.

Increasing the efficiency of water supply networks is essential in arid and semi-arid regions to ensure the supply of drinking water to the inhabitants. The cost of renovating these systems is high. However, customized management models can facilitate the maintenance and rehabilitation of hydraulic infrastructures by optimizing the use of resources. The implementation of current Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring systems allows decisions to be based on objective data. In water supply systems, IoT helps to monitor the key elements to improve system efficiency. To implement IoT in a water distribution system requires sensors that are suitable for measuring the main hydraulic variables, a communication system that is adaptable to the water service companies and a friendly system for data analysis and visualization. A smart pressure monitoring and alert system was developed using low-cost hardware and open-source software. An Arduino family microcontroller transfers pressure gauge signals using Sigfox communication, a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN). The IoT ThingSpeak platform is used for data analysis and visualization. Additionally, the system can send alarms via SMS/email in real time using the If This, Then That (IFTTT) web service when anomalous pressure data are detected. The pressure monitoring system was successfully implemented in a real water distribution network in Spain. It was able to detect both breakdowns and leaks in real time.

MICROELECTROMECHANICAL INCKINOMETER

A variety of inclinometers are often used to measure the angle of inclination on moving objects of low maneuverability. Often, these are large devices, with a various pendulum as sensitive elements. The use of modern microelectromechanical sensing elements, as well as small microprocessors in combination with three-dimensional printing technology allows creating small and cheap devices. The paper presents the results of the synthesis of algorithmic and software micromechanical inclinometer, as well as the developed design. The micromechanical inertial measuring module MPU 6050 was used as sensitive elements, the microcontroller of the Arduino family acted as the onboard computer. An algorithmic software for the inclinometer based on the use of inertial navigation tools, namely numerical integration of the Poisson orientation equation, has been developed. Zero drifts of micromechanical gyroscopes were partially compensated by the introduction of a complementary filter. It allows you to use the signals of the accelerometers MPU 6050 for the current correction of the output matrix of the guide cosines. A series of tests was performed to select the optimal filter gain. The software for the Arduino platform in the Matlab Simulink environment was developed. This significantly accelerated the process of development and testing of the device. The case is developed in the SolidWorks environment. The use of miniature sensors and a controller allowed the use of three-dimensional printing technology for all parts of the device body. For autonomous operation, the inclinometer was additionally equipped with a battery pack. Field tests of the inclinometer model showed stable accuracy and low drift of angles on a fixed base.

Implementation of Protective Device for Lineman Protection in Real Time Operation

this paper is proposed to control an electrical switch with the assistance of OTP based password. A keypad is associated with the task to enter the secret password. During the electric line fixing Lethal electrical accidents to the lineman are increasing because of the lack of communication between the linemen working staff and the electric substation officers. This proposed framework gives an answer, which can guarantee the wellbeing of the lineman. Since the control to turn on/off lies with the lineman. So there is the arrangement in the system and a password is required to operate the electrical switch i.e. on and off. The lineman has to carry the RF-ID tag that will be inserted into RF-ID reader to generate a one-time password. OTP will be received by the lineman. After inserting correct OTP Lineman will trip the supply and after securely repairing it, again he can turn the supply for respective phase. A microcontroller from ARDUINO family is used in the framework for complete operation and control. The microcontroller is interfaced with the matrix keypad to enter the secret one time password. The entered secret OTP is compared with the password stored in the microcontroller’s Read-only memory. If OTP matches with the stored one than only electrical switches can be turned on or off otherwise it will say the wrong password. A light emitting diode is used to intimate the activation and deactivation of the electrical switch. Because of the use of EEPROM, the user does not have to remember the secret password. The microcontroller is interfaced with the Global system of mobile (GSM) to monitor the operation by lineman by the means of SMS. When lineman trip the supply a message will be sent to a higher authority about the Activation and deactivation of the electrical switch.

An Arduino Family Controller and its Interactions via an Intelligent Interface

An Arduino Family Controller and its Interactions via an Intelligent Interface

Heart Rate monitor based on IP networking

With the uprising of Internet of Things (IoT) networks, new applications have taken advantage of this new concept. Having all devices and all people connected 24/7 have several advantages in a variated amount of disciplines. One of them is medicine and the e-health concept. The possibility of having a real time lecture of the vital signs of people can prevent a live threat situation. This paper describes the realization of a device capable of measuring the heart rate of a person and checking for abnormalities that may negatively affect the patient’s well-being. This project will make use of electronic devices known as microcontrollers, specifically from the Arduino family, enabling us to capture data, and, with the help of a network card and a RJ-45 cable, transfer it to a PC and visualize the heart rate in real time over its assigned IP address.

Overview of Architectures with Arduino Boards as Building Blocks for Data Acquisition and Control Systems

Standard SBCs (Single Board Computer) with number of standard shields and sensors can be used as building blocks for rapid development of network of intelligent devices with sensing, control and Internet access. Arduino family of boards having high popularity and large number of sold units featuring open access, reliability, robustness, standard connections and low prices, possesses large potential for implementation of autonomous remote measurement and control systems of various levels of complexity. As Arduino boards can function independently, they are complete small computer platforms that can perform various tasks requiring some kind of interaction with the outer world. Arduino boards can be used and programmed in various ways, and can be arranged in various combinations forming some typical implementation architectures that this paper discusses. Starting from basic and simple configurations, more advanced are gradually considered from the aspects of chosen way of programming and combining with other boards. Special attention is devoted to NodeJS as programming platform for Arduino boards and considerations of libraries used with Arduino boards like Johnny-Five, Galileo-io firmata equivalent, mraa library and other ways of program access to GPIO like Linux Sysfs. As typical representatives of Arduino boards’ family, the Arduino Uno, Arduino Due and Arduino Galileo were selected, with justification that all other not mentioned boards are somewhere between those selected, according to official hardware specifications.

Phase-sensitive detection in the undergraduate lab using a low-cost microcontroller

Phase-sensitive detection is an important experimental technique that allows signals to be extracted from noisy data. Commercial lock-in amplifiers, often used for phase-sensitive detection, are expensive and host a bewildering array of controls that may intimidate a novice user. Low-cost microcontrollers such as the Arduino family of devices might seem like a good match for learning about such devices, but making a self-contained device that includes a reference signal, a voltage input, a signal mixer, a filter, and a display is difficult. Here, we present the construction of a phase-sensitive detector (PSD) using an Arduino.

Portable Optical Fiber Coupled Low Cost Visible Spectrometer

Abstract We developed, implemented and tested a portable low cost spectrometer that covers the visible wavelength range between 400-800 nm. The system is intended to be employed mainly for educational purpose. Hence, open source platforms have been extensively used both in software (Python) and Hardware (Arduino). Main elements of the system are the optical coupling unit based on duly collimated multimode fiber, a ruled linear grating as dispersive element, and a RGB three line optical sensor with 5300 elements. Digitalization is realized by a microcontroller platform from the Arduino family. Data is send over serial USB to a Python based application that permits further data processing and visualization. Calibration is done backed on a LED ladder that covers the whole visible range. Good linearity is observed, and also resolution is comparable with commercial spectrometers. However, a moderate signal to noise ratio is observed.

Arduino: A low-cost multipurpose lab equipment

Typical experiments in psychological and neurophysiological settings often require the accurate control of multiple input and output signals. These signals are often generated or recorded via computer software and/or external dedicated hardware. Dedicated hardware is usually very expensive and requires additional software to control its behavior. In the present article, I present some accuracy tests on a low-cost and open-source I/O board (Arduino family) that may be useful in many lab environments. One of the strengths of Arduinos is the possibility they afford to load the experimental script on the board's memory and let it run without interfacing with computers or external software, thus granting complete independence, portability, and accuracy. Furthermore, a large community has arisen around the Arduino idea and offers many hardware add-ons and hundreds of free scripts for different projects. Accuracy tests show that Arduino boards may be an inexpensive tool for many psychological and neurophysiological labs.