Arduino Card Research Articles

Development of a Low-Cost Data Acquisition System for Analyzing the Health of a Photovoltaic System

In recent years, fault diagnosis has become a major concern for ensuring the sustainability of photovoltaic systems. This article aims to develop a low-cost data acquisition device based on the Arduino card to collect data using sensors on two photovoltaic modules. Four defects were intentionally created on a photovoltaic panel and analyzed individually based on the evolution of current and voltage parameters over time. The results indicate that in the event of a fault, the current drops suddenly with a slight decrease in voltage. Under normal conditions, the maximum observed current was 3.8 A for an irradiation of 904 W/m2, compared to 2.2 A for 909 W/m2 and 32.78°C in the event of partial shading. This value further decreases to a maximum of 1.8 A for 867 W/m2 in an open circuit. The observation reveals that the partial shading fault with a disconnected bypass diode and open circuit has similar characteristics to the open circuit fault. However, it is important to note that this cannot be generalized as the fault only occurs in a configuration of two PV modules in parallel.

CREATION OF AN INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR LIGHTING IN A BUILDING FOR DOMESTIC OR ADMINISTRATIVE USE

This article consists of the implementation of an intelligent system for the management and optimization of electrical energy consumption in a building for domestic or administrative use. Waste of energy is usually due to laziness, forgetfulness and ignorance.The systems that we have proposed in this part are solutions for optimizing the consumption of electrical energy for lighting. In the creation of these systems we used two kinds of microcontroller cards such as the Arduino card and the ESP8266 Wifi card to control our different sensors and system components.The solutions that we will put in place must manage the factors that lead to the waste of electrical energy in order to be able to manage and optimize the consumption of electrical energy. Our system is called intelligent because the entire lighting system can be done remotely by sending SMS.

Development of a prototype for a mobile application to monitor hypertension from ECG data

Today, the use of personal digital assistants is increasing, especially due to the development of mobile devices. Especially at the medical level, their applications have grown a lot. Health cannot be left behind in this new digital age in using these new technologies. Given that the heart is the main organ of the cardiovascular system and is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, it is not surprising that heart disease is the leading cause of death in Asian and Arabic countries, according to international health organizations operating under the World Health Organization. The average individual has no access to a device for home use and must rely on going to the doctor for a consultation and having to undergo the necessary procedure using pricy, specialized equipment. In this project, hardware and software were designed to produce a prototype device that can be purchased for a reasonable price, weighs little, and can be handled easily, enabling people to monitor their heart’s activity from the comfort of their homes. The core of the prototype is an AD8232 integrated circuit mounted on a SparkFun single-lead heart rate monitor-AD8232 card. When used with an Arduino card, serial communication with a computer, or Bluetooth with a smart device, this integrated circuit displays the graph and the person’s heart rate in beats per minute. The Android Studio platform was used to create the mobile app as well as the graphical personal computer version. 19 randomly chosen test volunteers’ heart rates and graphs were compared to the relevant ages listed in the literature.

Measure of the solar flux conveyed onto a lambertian target by a novel bi-axial fresnel concentrator

This paper deals with the optical analysis of a prototype of a novel concentrator, named as Bi-Axial Fresnel (BAF). This concentrator aims at reducing production and installation costs, as well as keeping as low as possible the weight and the bulk of the mirrors field, making it suitable for building small-dimensions systems, able to be placed on industrial roofs, as an example. The prototype is composed as an array of 3x3 mirrors. Its theoretical concentration is therefore 9. The experiment made use of a very basic equipment, which included a thermal flux sensor and a simple webcam, properly equipped for distinguish grey scales under quite high solar intensities. The concentrator was governed by an Arduino card, while the acquisition took place by means of a National Instruments acquisition board and Labview software. The aim of this experimental setup was the reconstruction of the solar flux on a fixed Lambertian target, based on the grey-scale maps gathered through the webcam and properly scaled accordingly to the punctual solar flux measured by the sensor. This way, the experimental apparatus was able to get an estimation of the solar power conveyed to the target.

Design and Fabrication of Smart Traffic Signal Using Arduino Card

Traffic jam is becoming a headache in the big cities all over the world, which causes a significant delay for drivers and passengers. A smart on/off traffic signal optimization based on a motion IR Sensor (Infrared) is now a necessity to overcome this problem. This work is a design and implementation of a smart traffic signal (STS) that controls the time of the traffic signals (Red–Yellow–Green) according to the traffic congestion on the road. The STS is designed to imitate a side road (with a low traffic move) with a highway road (with a high traffic move). A motion IR sensor along with an Arduino PIC were installed to automatically control the traffic signals on/off delay times based on the existence of the vehicles on the side road. When the side road is empty, the highway traffic signal is always green (highway–always–on mode). However, when a vehicle reaches the traffic signal in the side road, the motion IR sensor sends a signal to the Arduino card, so that the highway traffic signal turns red, while the side road traffic signal turns green letting the vehicle to pass the intersection. The system will then automatically set back to the highway–always–on mode. The entire system is designed and simulated using Proteus workbench.

Measuring the force of the tip of the elephants trunk

Forces that animals can exert is of great interest in biology. Regarding the elephant trunk, the maximum mass that an elephant can lift with its trunk is known, but the pinching force of the trunk tip is unknown. We here present an original system to measure this force for an organ much coveted in soft robotics for example.It consists of:•A wooden box protecting the elephants and the measuring system with no protruding parts except the sensor. This box has an opening at the back to fill it with apples and a trap door at the front to release the apples.•Two load cells protruding from the box connected to an electronic system controlled by an Arduino card that records and sends the pinch force via Wi-Fi to a laptop while releasing a reward apple.•Depending on the threshold chosen, the elephant must pinch harder than the previous time to release the next apple. The repetition of this action allows us to approach the maximum force it can achieve.The system, tested on elephants at the Beauval Zooparc (France), has demonstrated that it is effective in measuring the pinching force of the tip of the trunk.

Design, Implementation and Testing of a Biogas Analyzer

Biogas is an ideal fuel for sustainable energy and an alternative to wood energy in sub-Saharan Africa. Its valorisation in rural areas is limited to cooking despite its enormous potential for electricity production. However, the inaccessibility of biogas analyzers to assess the quality of biogas and trigger its use in an engine is one of the main obstacles to this new trend. The aim of this work is to develop a simple and inexpensive portable digital device capable of analysing any biogas together with its production parameters. To achieve this, a prototype analyser using an Arduino card fitter with sensors was designed and built, then experimented with biogas produced from cow dung. Sampling tests were carried out after 4 and 10 days of loading 10-liter bioreactors with cow dung. A Better flammable biogas production was recorded at 10 days of loading with 66.41% methane (CH4), 32.43% CO2, and 1.14% water vapour (H2O). This biogas analyser was quite efficient and could identify gases produced by the methanization process while controlling the bioconversion parameters. Nonetheless, the biogas obtained can be purified for more efficient use.

Implementation of a computer system for life: "Manage your refrigerator Bth-GTR"

This article carries out applied research for the use and integration of technology in everyday life. The main objective of the study is to apply Bluetooth technology in a project called "Manage your Bth-GTR refrigerator" with the use of a sensor, an Arduino card and the development of a mobile application that provides the user with the ability to handle information related to the temperature and humidity of the refrigerator, and at the same time, store and manage the supply of the products. The knowledge society faces the importance of information in any area of life, particularly its usefulness in devices for everyday use, which is critical and indispensable in our day to day. The assumed methodology is divided into two main phases: the analysis of the IT solution and the integration of the Technologies provided for this purpose. Finally, the functionalities of the implemented mobile application are specified. The proposal evidences the opportunity to carry out future studies on the use, application, integration and implementation of new technologies that provide the human being with efficient and useful tools for daily activities.

Design, construction and implementation of relative humidity and temperature climatic chamber for metrology laboratory

For the calibration of thermohygrometers it is necessary to have a means of generating temperature and relative humidity for this reason in this development we will build a climatic chamber which will generate and control these two magnitudes. For the generation of temperature a thermoresistance was used and the decrease of relative humidity was done through a silica gel trap through which the air inside the chamber is recirculated with the use of a vacuum pump. On the other hand, an ultrasonic humidity generator also known as fogger was used to increase the relative humidity. For the construction of the chamber, acrylic was used as the main material, since it is translucent and facilitates the visualization of the thermohygrometers’ indications. For the control of the process variables such as temperature and relative humidity, an Arduino card was used, which through PWM pulse width modulation, the control was performed achieving a variation of 0.3 °C and 2 %RH, which will be evaluated by an accredited laboratory in the characterization of isothermal media certified by ONAC, since it is in this way that the inhomogeneity, stability and thermal load of the medium, components that affect the uncertainty of the instruments under calibration, are evaluated. It should be remembered that this development was carried out in order to create an air medium with which temperature and relative humidity measuring instruments can be calibrated in the metrology laboratory VALIDACIONES Y METROLOGIA LM S.A.S., since it is in the process of growth and one of its main objectives is to be accredited in the magnitudes of temperature and relative humidity before the accreditation body in Colombia (ONAC), which is the entity that will finally give the technical approval to release the chamber and put it into operation.

Experimental Study of Indoor Air Quality for Cooling Condition Using ARDUINO System and PMV Index Testing the Effect of Heat Sources

The human thermal comfort and the indoor healthy air quality in the houses and the offices have become a vital necessity, especially in the state of the development of the contagious virus as the COVID-19. In this study, the evaluation of the air distribution was investigated using a DHTT sensor connected to an ARDUINO card to benefit their simple use and their reasonable price comparing to other tools such as the infrared camera. The measurement of the temperature is made in 14 points divided on two directions: one near the sitting manikin and another in front with the cooling system. The impact of the heat sources was tested. In these conditions, the indoor temperature was examined for an empty room, a room occupied by one person and one computer, a room occupied by two persons and two computers and a lighted room. The experimental results prove that the indoor temperature increases with the multiplication of the heat sources. From a temperature equal to [Formula: see text]C, the PMV curves move away from the comfort zone and the indoor climate becomes hot.

Realization of a device for the evaluation of the muscular effort through the Electromyogram signal EMG

In this work, a device for the evaluation of the muscular effort through the electromyogram signal is produced. This device consists essentially of three parts: the sensor part, the shaping portion, the acquisition part and the software part. The sensor part allows the EMG signal to be collected by means of surface electrode. The shaping port is realized based on an instrumentation amplifier. The acquisition part concerns the analogue digital conversion and the transfer of the digital data to the pc; this is done via an arduino card, which is equipped with a microcontroller for the visualization in real time and the storage of the EMG signal on the pc on which the processing logitiels will be implemented. The signal thus processed must be displayed with the data allowing the evaluation of the effort on the monitor of the pc through a graphical interface; these are the different steps that are carried out to finalize this work.

Portable Device for Continuous Measurement (DIPORMEC)

Nowadays, the conditions of the workplace are having a very important role in different areas. Therefore, a device was created to measure variables, for the time being, of quantity, of light, Lumens and Lux, temperature and relative humidity. Besides, this device continuously saves these variables in a file on an SD card to be analysed later. Another feature of this device is that it is portable which means it works with built-in batteries or with a universal connector, so that it can work easily in a workplace (offices). For this work it is shown how what we call cloning of the luminosity sensor was performed, for this particular case, with an LDR the amount of Lux is determined, taking as reference the light sensor of the Samsung A7 cell phone, and thus generating the equation that governs the sensor. In the connection diagram, the possibility of connecting other sensors that do not require adjustment work such as the one of brightness is left open, taking full advantage of the Arduino card’s capacity, but for the moment it is not part of the study of this work.

Data processing from electrical signals acquired by an E-nose system used for quality control of cocoa

This research consists of the implementation of different pattern recognition methods applied to discriminate and classify the physical signals (electrical) acquired by an artificial electronic nose system composed of a gas sensor array of 10 units coupled with a data acquisition board that were used to perform a sensor chamber that receives the electrical information from volatile organic compounds generated by cacao beans. A concentration chamber for samples conditioning of fermented beans was used and the samples were fermented around 72 and 144 hours while the cacao samples infected with monilia were over-fermented. For obtaining the temperature inside of the sensor chamber, a digital temperature sensor was implemented by using a Peltier Cell mechanism which was controlled through a classical algorithm. At the design stage, a data acquisition system composed of an Arduino card and a graphical interface made in LabView was developed for data storing, controlling, and signals monitoring. For the electrical signals treatment and data analysis, two pattern recognition models were applied by using Python software where two signals pre-processing methods such as Euclidean normalization and Roboust Scaling were used afterward with data processing techniques as principal component analysis and clusters analysis, obtaining a 96.51% of variance in the two first components.

Experimental investigation on controlled cooling by coupling of thermoelectric and an air impinging jet for CPU

AbstractIn this study, experimental tests have been carried out on the coupling thermoelectric cooling module with minichannel heatsink subjected to impinging airflow for cooling desktop central processing unit (CPU). A controlled thermoelectric‐forced test system was designed for this purpose. This was designed using electronic Arduino card. The proposed hybrid cooling system was compared with the conventional forced air‐cooling technique. Three power of heat source (CPU) were adopted, investigated, and compared, namely 60, 87, and 95 W. Performance of controlled thermoelectric cooling with three preset temperature were experimentally examined. The effects of air velocity and thermoelectric input current on the case temperature (Tcase), thermal resistance, and heat transfer coefficient were analyzed. Results showed that the Tcase increases with the increase of its input power. In addition, increasing air jet velocity and thermoelectric input current improve CPU cooling significantly. For a CPU power of 95 W, the recorded Tcase temperature was 57°C with the conventional system. While it was maintained below 50°C in the hybrid system. The thermoelectric cooler has had a major effect on CPU cooling, having 15% improvement over conventional forced air‐cooling. However, this was accompanied by an increase in energy consumption in the range of 45 W.

Automation of a seed on tray seeder machine

The machine aims to fully automate the process to sow seeds. Generally, these types of activities are semi-automatic, however, the proposed solution aims to improve the efficiency of the process and the reduction of human intervention. It mainly has a mechanical part whose technique is based on a four-bar system, as for the electronic and control part it is commanded by an Arduino card. The mechanical design was carried out using CAD software, and based on the results obtained by various flexural and deformation analysis software, it was possible to select the materials and the motor to be used. The process works from operational requirements such as: transmitting the linear movement of the components, placing and aligning the transport mechanism, transmitting enough power to drill and place the seeds and finally controlling the air flow. As a result, this automated method represents 25% more efficiency and a 50% reduction in personnel compared to the manual method. In the same way, a filling of 87% of cavities for seeds was obtained, this being its highest efficiency with a pressure in the range of 0.2 to 0.3 MPa in the pressure ejector.

Android Kontrollü IP Kameralı Gezgin Robot Tasarımı

In this study Arduino card based mobile robot design was realized. This robot can serve as a security robot, an auxiliary robot or a control robot. The designed robot has two operation modes. The first operating mode is autonomous mode. In this mode, the robot detects the surroundings with the help of ultrasonic sensors placed around it, and keeps track of the places it passes by using the encoder. It is able to navigate without hitting any place and passing from where it passes, and it transmits the patient's pulse and temperature condition to the user by other systems installed on it. Also the IP camera sends the scene on the screen. The emergency button to be placed next to the patient sends information to the user in emergency situations. If the abnormality is detected in the temperature and pulse again, the user gives a message. When the pre-recorded drug use times come, the system can alert the patient. The second mode is manual mode. In this mode, the user can move the desired direction of the robot with the Android operating system. In addition, all data received in autonomous mode can be sent to the user. Thus, the user can control the mobile robot with the camera image even if it is not in the vicinity of the robot.

Effect of External Insulation on Drying Time and Energy Consumption in Food Drying Oven

Deneysel olarak yapılan çalışmada mikro denetleyici ile yönetilen, daha önceden tasarlanıp imalatı yapılan, Gıda Kurutma Fırınında (GKF) cam yünü ve taş yünü yalıtımının enerji tüketimine ve kurutma süresine etkisi incelenmiştir. Kurutulacak gıda olarak elma seçilmiş ve yalıtımlı-yalıtımsız bulguları karşılaştırabilmek amacı ile deneylerin tamamı 80 °C de yapılmıştır. Ağırlığın ölçümü için fırın dışına çıkartarak ölçüm yapıp tekrar fırın içine alıp kurutmaya devam etmek gibi ölçme cihazı hatalarını azaltmak amacı ile mikrodenetleyici içeren arduino kartı yük hücresi kullanılarak bu ölçüm hatası en aza indirilmiştir. Kurutmada yalıtımsız yapılan deneyler 240 dakika cam yünü ve taş yünü yalıtımı ile yapılan deneyler ise 330 dakika sürmüştür. Yalıtımsız deneylerin ortalama (aritmetik) elektrik tüketimi 0,15 kWh, cam yünü ve taş yünü ortalama (aritmetik) elektrik tüketimi 0,1 kWh değerlerinde seyrettiği görülmüştür. Tüm deneylerin kümülatif elektrik tüketimi cam yününde 1,287 kWh, taş yününde 1,265 kWh ve yalıtımsızda 1,420 kWh olmuştur. Yalıtımlı-yalıtımsız enerji tüketimi karşılaştırıldığında % 10,97 enerji tasarrufu elde edilmiştir. 60-120. dakika aralığında özgül enerji tüketimi (SEC) 10 kWh/kgsu aralığında seyrederek yalıtımsızda 150. dakikadan yalıtımlıda ise 240. dakikadan sonra keskin bir artışa geçmiştir. Özgül nem çekme oranı (SMER) 60-90 dakika aralığında tepe noktasına ulaşmış 0,14-0,16 kgsu/kWh aralığında değerler almıştır. Devamında 180. dakika ya kadar keskin bir azalma elde edilmiştir. 180. dakikadan sonra taş yünü ve cam yünü SMER’i 0,40 kgsu/kWh yakınlarında yalıtımsız deneylerin SMER’i 0,20 yakınlarında değerler almıştır.

Sistema de identificación y seguridad para estudiantes mediante RFID

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is one of the most promising new technologies belonging to the systems of data acquisition and automatic identification (AIDC). It consists of three basic elements: an electronic tag, a tag reader and a database. Which makes it a versatile system with multiple applications for the industry, home and building automation. This document presents the implementation of an identification and security system for students through RFID. The system uses passive tags, an RFID reader with Arduino card and has connectivity to a database created in MySQL with C ++ visual programming. The main objective is to store student access and location data, this way you can make reports of class attendance, use and / or access to laboratories in addition to having real time monitoring of the students' location. Compared to some other similar technologies, RFID does not require visual contact with the reader, is affordable and easy to implement.

Sliding Mode Control for MPPT of a Thermogenerator

This paper reports a practical implementation for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) module using sliding mode control. The principal goal is to apply a robust technique of control to ensure maximum power transfer towards the load through a boost converter. On the one hand, the proposed technique improves rapidly the effect of load variation, and on the other hand, it increases the overall performance of the system. The MPPT control is modeled in Simulink/Matlab with the theoretical Models of a TEG module and a boost converter. Simulation results give the sliding mode control performance under different temperature gradients. Hardware based on an Arduino card is implemented, where the experimental results are presented and analyzed. The experimental results are compared with simulation data where a good agreement is observed. Finally, the results show the effectiveness and the robustness of sliding mode control.

Hardware implementation of the fuzzy logic MPPT in an Arduino card using a Simulink support package for PV application

The work presented in this study aims to develop an intelligent algorithm, based on fuzzy logic, to track the maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic (PV) panel. Modelling and simulation steps of the PV panel are made by using the MATLAB/Simulink environment, before passing to the description of fuzzy logic MPP tracking (MPPT) algorithm. On an Arduino Mega 2560 controller board, a real-time implementation of the MPPT algorithm by using Simulink Support Package for Arduino Hardware in MATLAB/Simulink was conducted to experimentally validate the preliminary results of simulations. The proposed work outlines also the solution to modify pulse-width modulation frequency of Arduino when it is used with Simulink.