Archival Cartographic Materials Research Articles

Lake bottom relief reconstruction and water volume estimation based on the subsidence rate of the post-mining area (Bytom, Southern Poland)

Mining activity leads to subsidence troughs and permanent changes in water relations, like the formation of anthropogenic reservoirs. In the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (S Poland), their number is so high that the area is called an anthropogenic lake district. Any form of water retention, in the face of climate change, is valuable. However, the problem is the high variability of these lakes, making it challenging to estimate water resources. An example of this type of anthropogenic lake is the Brandka Pond in Bytom. An original method was proposed, consisting of two stages: reconstruction of the lake bottom relief based on the initial state of the area relief in 1994, i.e. at the beginning of the reservoir formation, and the land subsidence rate calculated for this area. Archival cartographic materials and DEMs from LiDAR data were used and processed in the open-source geoinformation software. Orthophoto maps and satellite scenes were also collected to determine changes in the extent of the pond from 1993 to 2019. Bathymetric data obtained in 2019 during sonar measurements on the reservoir was used to verify the calculations. The pond began to form in the early 1990s, and by 2019, it had reached an area of 178,226 m2, a maximum depth of 5.8 m and a capacity of 421,173 m3. The reconstruction method is accurate and suitable for lakes over 2 m deep, and the calculated capacity differs from the bathymetric data by 0.2%.

Return to Nature: Renaturisation of Dried-Out Lakes in Poland

Over the centuries, extensive changes have occurred in the functioning of the hydrosphere. In the case of Poland, the hydrographic network has been significantly transformed, and many of its elements have ceased to exist. The aim of this study was to investigate renaturalised lakes and to determine their original volume, which is a fundamental parameter in the context of stabilising water relationships. Based on archival cartographic materials, the locations of 15 such lakes were determined, with their volume totaling 11.7 million m3. This indicates a significant potential for renaturalised lakes in the context of increasing water resources. In the long term, the methodology adopted in this work may complement water-management efforts aimed at increasing retention and offering new ecosystem services. Such an approach is less invasive to the natural environment and more economically justified compared to new investments in artificial hydrotechnical infrastructure.

Zmiany powierzchni wybranych jezior Pojezierza Łęczyńsko-Włodawskiego

An attempt was made to evaluate the process of lake disappearance over the years 1886-2019 in the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District. The analysis were based on archival cartographic materials (WIG maps published in 1936 and maps in the PUWG 1965 system) and on vector map based on BDOT10k. It was determined that over a period of 133 years, the surface area of selected natural water reservoirs was reduced by 10,26%. Changes have been influenced by many factors: the building of the Wieprz-Krzna canal and the drainage system connected with it, agricultural land use, rapid development of tourism and coal mining. Results presented in this paper show that the greatest risk of decreasing of lake area concerns reservoirs of small size (<50 ha) due to their more limited ability to self-purificate and lower resistance to degradation. A greater change was observed in the case of lakes located in the Poleski National Park and its buffer zone (-16,51%) than in the case of other studied water reservoirs (-8,91%).

Методика картографування об’єктів історико-культурної спадщини засобами ГІС-технологій з використанням архівних картографічних та аероматеріалів

Aim. The purpose of the work is to process archival cartographic materials and remote sensing data for the interpretation of objects of historical and cultural heritage (OHCH) of Cherkasy, including those that have not been preserved. Method. One of the possible technological schemes for research is offered. According to her, the first step was to analyze the input data of the study, among which were: a map of Cherkasy in 1895 at a scale of 1:42000; German aerial image of 1944; a fragment of a space image of Cherkasy obtained from the GeoEye-1 satellite in 2018. Geometric correction of the input materials was performed in the Mercator projection and the WGS84 coordinate system, in which the transformed image was obtained. The next step was to vectorize the objects of historical and cultural heritage of Cherkasy, according to the list obtained on the city’s website. There are two types of objects: point and polygonal. When vectorizing polygonal objects, the historical boundaries were specified with the help of archival maps and aerial images. Special symbols have been developed for each of the types of historical and cultural heritage sites, according to the proposed classification. In addition, an attributive database of these objects was created, which had the following structure: number of the passport of object, the name of the object, the address of the OHCH, the number of the decision to take under protection, information about the OHCH. Also, the obtained vector data was exported to the exchange format with the extension kmz and an online version of the thematic map was created on the basis of the free GISFile resource. Results. As a result of the conducted researches, the thematic GIS of the objects of historical and cultural heritage of Cherkasy was created, which are plotted on the space image of high spatial resolution, obtained in 2018. An on-line version of the GIS of Cherkasy historical and cultural heritage sites has been created on the basis of the free GISFile cartographic service, with the possibility of analyzing the location of these objects and building optimal tourist routes. Scientific novelty. Possible algorithms for creating offline and on-line versions of thematic GIS are proposed. Practical value. The obtained results of mapping the objects of historical and cultural heritage of Cherkasy can be used by the structures of protection of objects of historical and cultural heritage of Cherkasy at the Ministry of Culture.

Technology for creating electronic soil maps based on archival materials for land management engineering

The article considers the structural and logical scheme of the methodology for creating electronic soil maps for land management engineering based on analog archival cartographic materials. The proposed scheme includes seven blocks: 1) building frames for 1:50,000 scale topographic map sheets in the geoinformation environment “Map 2011”; 2) scanning analog topographic maps with a scale of 1:50000; 3) binding a bitmap images of topographic maps to the sheet frames and cropping the frame image; 4) converting data from the GIS “Map 2011” to the GIS “MapInfo”; 5) scanning of archive analogue 1:10,000 scale soil maps and their binding to electronic 1:50000 topographic map in GIS “MapInfo”; 6) defining precision of referencing the raster 1:10,000 scale soil map to topographic 1:50,000 scale map; 7) bitmap image vectorization of a 1:10000 scale soil map in the GIS “MapInfo”. The content of methodology’s each block is disclosed. The developed methodology can be used for cartographic support of land management engineering and territorial planning.

ТОМСКОЕ ИМЕНИЕ АЛТАЙСКОГО ОКРУГА ВЕДОМСТВА КАБИНЕТА ЕГО ИМПЕРАТОРСКОГО ВЕЛИЧЕСТВА: ГРАНИЦЫ, СТРУКТУРА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ, УПРАВЛЯЮЩИЕ

The article introduces new archival data on the history of the Tomsk estate of the Altai district - one of the 12 estates established by an imperial decree of April 11, 1896 on the lands of the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty and operating until 1911. On the basis of archival cartographic materials, information is considered about the boundaries of the Tomsk estate, which occupied the northern part of the Altai District, administrative-territorial formations and large forests - pine forests located within the boundaries of the estate, the organization of the estate management structure, with the location of the estate manager and his office in the village ( from December 28, 1903 according to the old style - the city) of Novo-Nikolaevsk, the residence of the main officials who managed the estate and its parts. According to archival and bibliographic data, brief information is presented about the managers of the Tomsk estate V.S. Shubenko, P.N. Sobolev, D.D. Nazarov, A.G. Kiyutse, along with the list of managers and assistants to the manager of the Tomsk estate in chronological order. Keywords: Novosibirsk, Cabinet of his Imperial Majesty, Altai district, Novonikolaevsk, Tomsk estate, officials of the Tomsk estate

Моніторинг зміни площі льодовиків, розташованих на островах Галіндез, Вінтер та Скуа (Аргентинські острови, Західна Антарктида)

Due to global warming, the glaciers and ice systems of Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula have been significantly changing in shape and size in recent decades. Therefore, to control, forecast and prevent such processes, it is necessary to constantly monitor and analyse changes in the basic parameters of glaciers and ice systems. This paper proposes a study of changes in the area of ice caps located on the Galindez, Winter and Skua islands (Argentine Islands, West Antarctica). The study is based on the integration of different spatio-temporal datasets into a single system for retrospective geographical monitoring of changes in the area of Galindez, Winter and Skua islands ice caps. The system for integrating space-time datasets is the UTM coordinate system (zone 20, South). Using transformed archival cartographic materials, as well as recently obtained orthophotos, the boundaries of the glaciers in different periods of research were digitized. Based on the identified boundaries, the significance of changes in the area of island glaciers, as well as the rate of their change during 1935–2019, were determined. Based on the integration of different spatio-temporal datasets into a single system, retrospective-geographical monitoring of changes in icecaps area during 1935–2019 was performed. The ice caps were found to be experiencing systematic decrease in area with average linear rate of decrease from –0.30%/year to –0.37%/year. A detailed analysis of all integrated spatio-temporal data sets including determination of the cause of changes in the area of the Galindez, Winter and Skua islands' ice caps is a promising topic for further research.

An Analysis of the Preservation of Burial Mounds: A Case Study of the Steppe and Forest-Steppe Areas of the Belgorod Region and the Crimean Peninsula Using GIS Technology

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the capabilities of GIS technology to explore the spatial features of burial mounds within testing areas located in the Crimean Peninsula and the Belgorod region. A brief overview of information about the mounds and their distribution in the territory of Russia is given. Examples of GIS projects aimed at preserving the historical and cultural heritage of the mounds are presented. The possibilities for multidisciplinary research of the mounds are shown. The experience of holding events related to the protection of mounds in the Belgorod region was considered. The following data groups were used to conduct the study: the database of mounds, archival cartographic materials covering data on the research area since the 19th century; digital elevation models, and layers of land plots from the GIS server. The rate of loss of the mounds within the testing areas was determined using multi-temporal maps.

Sulphur Mine “Piaseczno” – vol. 1. Historical Query of 1958–2012, Geology and Hydrology of the Mine Region, Reclamation

Two post-mining excavations (relics of sulphur mining), nowadays filled with water are characteristic elements of the landscape in the Tarnobrzeg Region. They became historic and permanent trace of open-cast mining in Piaseczno (left bank of the Vistula River) in 1958–1971 and Machów (right bank of the Vistula River) in 1970–1992. The process of the reclamation of the excavation in Machów ended successfully and the water body became a popular place of leisure and recreation for the residents of the town and the vicinity. Unfortunately, in case of the excavation in Piaseczno, despite many years of liquidation and reclamation works, regaining utility values and ecological values in these areas has not been accomplished yet. There is still real risk of mass land movements of watered ground in the area above the water table, which limits the possibility of adapting the water body for any other purposes than retention and ecological reclamation. Despite short 13-years’ history of mining sulphur and nearly 10 years of mining the Baranów sands, the Sulphur Mine “Piaseczno” has interesting history, due to the mining activities (stages: exploitation, liquidation and reclamation) and the forces of nature, which make a serious problem in the process of completing the works to bring back the utilitarian values of the areas of already non-existing mining area. Based on the analysis and post-processing of the available archival cartographic materials while using information tool (Surfer, AutoCAD), it was possible to make detail parameters of the water body Piaseczno and prove the impact of reclamation works and natural phenomena (mass movements) on the shape of the lake bowl and water scarps of the excavation.

ГИС-анализ пространственного расположения курганов в контексте их сохранения как объектов историко-культурного наследия

The article provides an overview of the mounds as unique objects of natural, historical and cultural significance. Scientific directions are identified, the objects of study of which are mounds. Brief information is given on such databases as the Eurasian Kurgan Database and the geoportal “Archaeological sites of Crimea”. Various types of GIS analysis (analysis of the density of mounds, analysis of the location of mounds relative to land plots, analysis of the location of mounds by height above sea level, analysis of aggregation of mounds at various distances) were carried out within a research site located on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. The technique of using ArcGIS geoprocessing tools in this study is described. During the analysis, a database of mounds was used, which was created earlier on the basis of high-resolution satellite images, archival cartographic materials covering data on the study area since the 19th century. The structure of the database of mounds used in this study is shown. It was revealed that the density of mounds within the research site at the beginning of the 21st century was 0.4 mounds per km2. It is established that 38 % of the mounds are located on land plots. It was revealed that most of the mounds are located at altitudes of 100-200 m above sea level. It was shown that single mounds are the most numerous among groups of mounds with a higher level of aggregation. Peculiarities of using the method of grouping mounds by aggregation levels are revealed. When using information on aggregation levels, the mounds located on land plots were divided into groups; recommendations were made on measures to ensure the safety of the mounds in each group.

EWOLUCJA POWIERZCHNI I RZĘDNEJ ZWIERCIADŁA WODY JEZIORA MIEDZNO

The changes in area size and elevation of water surface of the Miedzno lake were studied in the paper. The study was carried out on the basis of the analysis of archival cartographic materials, technical documentations and published works. From the first half of the 19th century the Miedzno lake area was about 125 - 135 ha and the lake water level elevation approx. 85.0 m a.s.l. In the period from the mid-19th century to the 1990s the Miedzno lake water table elevation decreased to about 81.0 m a.s.l. and the lake surface area decreased to approx. 8-10 ha.

Zmiany biegu koryta Krasnej (Świętokrzyskie) w oparciu o dane kartograficzne i geologiczne

Celem opracowania jest rozpoznanie zmian koryta Krasnej na całej długości w ostatnich stuleciach w oparciu o dostępne materiały kartograficzne. Dodatkowo, w ujściowym odcinku (około 2 km), w którym stwierdzono na mapach największe zmiany, zweryfikowano zmiany kartograficzne wykonując tu kartowanie geomorfologiczne i geologiczne osadów czwartorzędowych. Krasna położona jest w północnej części województwa świętokrzyskiego na obszarze Wyżyn Polskich. Jest lewobrzeżnym dopływem Czarnej Koneckiej o długości 28 km. Jej zlewnia o powierzchni 121 km2 znajdowała się w Staropolskim Okręgu Przemysłowym. W przeszłości, a zwłaszcza od XIX wieku, Krasna była jedną z najbardziej „pracowitych” rzek SOP-u. Wody dolnego odcinka Krasnej napędzały koła wodne urządzeń przemysłowych od Krasnej do Starej Wsi. Działalność kuźnic i młynów przyczyniła się do zmian biegu koryta rzeki Krasnej, widocznych na materiałach kartograficznych, jak i w morfologii i osadach. Na początku lat 30. XX wieku pozostałości po fabrykach zostały przekształcone w młyny wodne. W późniejszych latach budynki młynów przekształcono w tartaki istniejące do połowy XX wieku. Na równinie zalewowej zachowały się pozostałości po hutnictwie żelaza, jak kanały i wały, a w osadach żużle czy fragmenty cegieł. W ostatnich dziesięcioleciach, wraz z upadkiem przemysłowej aktywności, rozpoczęły się w obrębie doliny i w korycie Krasnej procesy renaturalizacji, a rzeka powróciła do swego naturalnego biegu.

Analyses of Archival Cartographic Materials for Geomorphological Changes of River Channel

In Lithuania, the old archival topographic maps of locations of small and medium scale and 1 : 10,000 scale contour photo plans were created on the basis of aerial images. The material of these scales provides documented records on the condition of the objects in the location and the landscape at the moment of aerial photography. Those maps can be used to restore the accurate topographic image of the terrain and buildings in 1945–1951 and in later years and perform the necessary topographic, photogrammetric, and geodetic measurements of the parameters of objects, to identify the location of objects and changes. This information is necessary for a variety of disputed property issues and for building farmhouses in reserves, in areas of forestry land parcels, and for assessment of changes in the landscape. Studies of landscape changes are needed for the assessment of renaturalization processes. This paper presents the geodetic method used for geomorphological changes at the channel of River Žalesa during the period 1942–2017, based on the collected archival cartographic materials: historical topographic maps from archive of the Lithuanian State Company Land Fund, Land Information System, and land management projects and orthophoto maps from Lithuanian spatial information portal and free open‐access Sentinel‐1 satellite data from the Copernicus Open Access Hub.

Large-scale map and 3D modelling of the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station

ABSTRACTThis paper presents survey measurements carried out during the 39th Polish Antarctic Expedition to the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station in March 2015. The measurements were used to create a map on a 1:500 scale and for 3D modelling of the station buildings and vicinity. The paper also presents the geodetic control network established around the station. We discuss the issue of creating a digital elevation model for the station and its surroundings. The elevation models were generated using terrestrial laser scanning data integrated with Global Navigation Satellite System real time kinematic and tacheometric surveying. The accuracy of these models was estimated using height differences in relation to survey data. The mean height difference was 0.03 m and root mean square error was 0.05 m. Furthermore, an analysis of changes to the coastline was conducted using archival cartographic materials to assess the threat of Admiralty Bay to the station buildings. The results are important for continued scientific activity and safety at Arctowski Station, and may be useful for future research on King George Island.

Analysis of the relationships between the spatial arrangement of palaeovalleys and contemporary valleys of Central Poland in the light of GIS methods

The article presents an example of application of selected GIS methods for showing connections between the course of palaeovalleys and contemporary valleys in Central Poland. The analysed area was shaped in the conditions of environment as early as the Palaeogene and Neogene, but the greatest impact on the present-day landscape came from the morphogenetic processes which operated in the Quaternary.Palaeogeographic studies of the analysed area often point to the possible dependencies between the contemporary landscape and its substrate, particularly as regards the valley system. In order to verify this hypothesis, on the basis of archival cartographic materials and a Digital Elevation Model of the current terrain, a procedure for conducting analyses with the use of commonly available GIS tools was proposed. Results of the conducted analysis allow for stating that the major river valleys of Central Poland in large part correspond to the arrangement of the fossil valley system, and the relationships are most easily noticeable for the largest valleys.

The influence of railways on spatial layouts of settlements in North-Eastern Poland

Abstract The aim of the study was to analyse the transformation of spatial structures of towns in North-Eastern Poland, characterized by different origins and happening due to the construction of railway line. The region in question was in the past subject to different settlement processes taking place against the background of historical events such as, among others, the conquest of land by the Teutonic Knights and the political partition of Poland (the border between Prussia and Russia), thereby forming diverse urban systems, later influenced by the railway, which modified their spatial structures, as well as changed their existing importance in the region. As a result of aforementioned changes different forms of urban layouts were formed - line layouts within the historic towns and more complicated layouts within the new railway settlements. The entire analytical procedure was based mainly on archival cartographic materials and divided into three parts: conditions of settlements development, analyze the evolution of its spatial layouts and the typology of researched urban layouts. The chronological summary of the parts allowed for the comparison of the spatial structure of a given town and for its interpretation. In addition, field research necessary for the interpretation of the contemporary structures of chosen towns was carried out. The final result was a synthesis of research in the form of a typology of links between the original structure and the railway station, distinguishing between the different forms of settlements.

Data sources on landscape structure in a highly industrialized area

Abstract Landscape may be described as a part of space characterized by a certain physiognomy, which is a dynamic system subject to evolution. An important factor influencing the type and condition of the landscape is human activity which shapes or rebuilds its structure. Interesting results may be obtained on comparison of archival cartographic materials with contemporary studies and zoning plans. The Upper Silesian Coal Basin is a region with a clearly transformed landscape. The determinant of the geographical environment transformation here is the anthropogenic factor. The study area includes the upper part of the Kłodnica catchment (229.6 sq km). The study is a review, and its aim is to systematize data sources used in the research on the transformation of landscape structure of a heavily industrialized area. In the first half of the nineteenth century created the "Urmesstischblätter" in the scale of 1:25 000. Afterwards preparations began to take new topographic images of the country (the "Messtischblätter"). In the 1990s initiated the development of a new topographic map (in the scale of 1:10 000). Recent data source is for example the project CORINE Land Cover 2006. There are many of various sources of data on land cover. An important aspect is the proper selection of documents and maps, and their proper interpretation.

Changes of river bed pattern and traces of anthropogenic intervention: The example of using GPR method (the Obra River, western Poland)

The Obra River valley is an example of the river bed transformations which were the result of anthropogenic intervention. The analysis of archival cartographic materials has shown that the Obra River bed was altered in several places by hydro technical works. Three artificial canals were constructed in the middle course of the river in the 19th century. The Obra River bed was straightened by cutting off the meander necks in its lower course. Two detailed research areas have been chosen on the basis of the analysis. One was situated in the place where the river bed had disappeared in wetlands and then was altered by the construction of the canals. The other one was situated in the lower course of the river with oxbow lakes and traces of palaeochannels on the floodplain’s surface.The main goal of the study was to retrace the natural course of the Obra River using the GPR method. Measurement was done using a MALA ProEx georadar equipped with shielded 100 MHz and 250 MHZ antennae. The lithologic variability of sediments was recognized by coring to correlate the GPR reflectors with the deposits’ interfaces. The study has shown that traces of the natural Obra River bed pattern were preserved in the floodplain deposits. At least three channel fills which may represent migration phases of one river bed or simultaneous functioning of a multi-channel pattern have been detected in the lower course of the river. The spatial extent of the water reservoir filled with organic deposits was determined in the middle course of the river. Moreover, remains of an artificial dike which had been constructed to dam up the water were discovered. Further research is needed to determine the spatial extent of the reservoir north and south of the research area and to analyze changes of the river bed pattern in a more detailed way.