Wireless Sensor Node Architecture Research Articles

Modern Development Technologies and Health Informatics: Area Transformation and Future Trends

With the emergence of handy rapid prototyping tools and versatile hardware development kits, health informatics is ready, more than ever, to improve human well being. At present, a variety of available, easy-to-maintain, and affordable enabling technologies support quality patient care. Supporting technologies can accelerate diagnoses, reduce errors, and increase the quality of services. With such widely observed advancement, the question remains regarding what the current main health informatics area transformations are in terms of achievements, gaps, and challenges. Additionally, what are the demands and requirements posed by area transformations and future trends; and how do they affect the underlying hardware system deployments, integration of subsystems, and the architecture of the root wireless sensor nodes? In this article, we carefully survey a set of distinguished recent health informatics systems with a focus on wireless sensor node architectures, their integration, and their embedding in an application. The investigation includes the design of a generic future wireless sensor node architecture that can be customized and adopted within health informatics. Moreover, a rich set of pointers to future directions is developed based on the performed survey and the identified improvement opportunities.

Implementasi Push Message Dengan Menggunakan Restful Web Service Pada Komunikasi Wireless Sensor

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of one or more nodes even numbering thousands. The nodes in the wireless sensor network (WSN) consist of sensor nodes and sink nodes. The use of wireless sensors on the network can form a node that can communicate with each other. The communication process generally uses a pull mechanism that precedes the data query process from the node to node sensor that provides sensing data. In some wireless sensor node architecture, this pull mechanism is considered less effective because the node sink must first request data to the sensor node. Alternative, a push message mechanism can be used to transmit sensed data within specified or determined time intervals.In this research is implemented push message mechanism by using restful web service in wireless sensor communications. Test results on the delivery of data by push data transmission obtained to sink nodes alternately in accordance with the order of destination address listed or stored in memory sensor node. And in doing data delivery to be efficient in the absence of data requests at any time.

Wireless sensor network for structural health monitoring: A contemporary review of technologies, challenges, and future direction

The importance of wireless sensor networks in structural health monitoring is unceasingly growing, because of the increasing demand for both safety and security in the cities. The speedy growth of wireless technologies has considerably developed the progress of structural monitoring systems with the combination of wireless sensor network technology. Wireless sensor network–based structural health monitoring system introduces a novel technology with compelling advantages in comparison to traditional wired system, which has the benefits of reducing installation and maintenance costs of structural health monitoring systems. However, structural health monitoring has brought an additional complex challenges in network design to wireless sensor networks. This article presents a contemporary review of collective experience the researchers have gained from the application of wireless sensor networks for structural health monitoring. Technologies of wired and wireless sensor systems are investigated along with wireless sensor node architecture, functionality, communication technologies, and its popular operating systems. Then, comprehensive summaries for the state-of-the-art academic and commercial wireless platform technologies used in laboratory testbeds and field test deployments for structural health monitoring applications are reviewed and tabulated. Following that, classification taxonomy of the key challenges associated with wireless sensor networks for structural health monitoring to assist the researchers in understanding the obstacles and the suitability of implementing wireless technology for structural health monitoring applications are deeply discussed with available research efforts in order to overcome these challenges. Finally, open research issues in wireless sensor networks for structural health monitoring are explored.

Dual‐band sensor–antenna design for low energy consumption/cost wireless sensor nodes

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of nodes with a limited power source. Reducing the energy consumption is an effective way to extend the lifespan of the sensor node. In this contribution, a new approach of designing of a new class radio frequency sensor-antenna for low energy consumption and low-cost wireless sensor nodes is proposed. Unlike the architecture of a conventional wireless sensor node, the proposed approach does not require any processor device that consumes power. It consists of integrating a capacitive sensor in a narrowband antenna that can send raw information, through its operating frequency which can be tuned depending on the value of the physical parameter to measure. As a result, a corresponding table between the resonant frequency of the sensor-antenna and the measured physical parameter is obtained. Furthermore, by using a dual-band antenna, the proposed configuration is able to measure, simultaneously, two physical parameters. A prototype of the sensor-antenna has been simulated and its behaviour has been validated with measurements. From the obtained results, it can be noted that the use of the proposed sensor-antenna can be a good alternative to reduce considerably the complexity and hence the cost of wireless sensor nodes for WSN applications.

The Research of Long-Distance Data Transmission Based on Meteorological Sensor Network

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has gained more and more popularity in the field of intensive meteorological observation. Generally, each existing sensor node is a constrained device with restricted computation capability, and limited energy resources. The effective communication range of existing sensor nodes is unable to meet our requirements. In this paper, we present an improved system architecture of wireless sensor node that is capable of meeting the strict requirements of intensive meteorological observation systems. We add a solar power supply module to replenish node energy and adopt a network processor and a data acquisition processor collaborating with each other to improve the computation and computation capacity. Furthermore, we designed a dual-band data transmission mechanism so as to adapt to requirements of different transmission distances. Our tests have indicated that using solar power can fulfill a node’s energy demand; whereas the design on computing and computing can dynamically meet the specific requirements of different applications. Moreover, our nodes is compatible with a variety of digital and analog sensor signal types, so it can be connected to various professional meteorological sensors directly. In addition, the communication distance of the node is significantly improved, which can reach more than 2000 meters in an open environment and 1000 meters with building obstruction or slight signal interference.

Petri-net-based implementations for FIRA weightlifting and sprint games with a humanoid robot

In this paper, the Petri net-based wireless sensor node architecture (PN-WSNA) is used to control a humanoid robot to play weightlifting and sprint games in the FIRA HuroCup league. With the PN-WSNA approach, the control scenario and decision-making for playing weightlifting and sprint games can be modeled as a PN-WSNA model. The PN-WSNA inference engine is further used to interpret and execute the PN-WSNA model according to the sensor information from visual perception. Therefore, the implementation of playing weightlifting and sprint games is achieved in terms of the PN-WSNA model instead of native code. To verify the PN-WSNA-based implementation approach, an autonomous humanoid robot equipped with a camera and a single-board computer is used for experiments, where the camera is responsible for grabbing image frames; the single-board computer is responsible for visual localization; and the PN-WSNA models the execution and locomotion command generation. Finally, several PN-WSNA models for playing weightlifting and sprint games are proposed and the experimental results are demonstrated and discussed to validate the feasibility of applying the proposed PN-WSNA-based implementation approach.

DASH7 Mode 2: A Promising Perspective for Wireless Agriculture

In search of robust wireless standardized solutions for the harsh agricultural environment, the 433 MHz based DASH7 Mode 2 technology is proposed as the enabler for a new perspective of the wireless sensor networks in Agriculture. In particular, DASH7 foundation background and its technical characteristics are reported. A comparison between DASH7 and its main competitive technologies such as the ZigBee, the Low Energy Bluetooth, and the WiFi is quoted as well. DASH7 advantages for the wireless Agriculture are classified according to environment, systems development, systems deployment, cost, integration and reliability. Subsequently, the development tools ecosystem as well as the typical architecture of a DASH7-based wireless sensor node has been presented. A systems architecture focusing on DASH7 inherent ability for different wireless systems domains unification in Agriculture is proposed. Finally, as a proof of concept, a DASH7-based WSN node implemented to host applications such as IEEE 1457 smart transducers interface and radio frequency identification is presented.

Wireless Sensor Networks and the Internet of Things

It is estimated that mobile internet devices that can act as sensors will outnumber humans this year (2013), and by 2015, there will be about 15 billion internet-connected devices. Related applications are thriving in commercial, civic, and scientific operations that involve sensors, web, and services, leading by both academic societies and industry companies. It is commonly accepted that the next generation of internet is becoming the “Internet ofThings (IoT)”which is a worldwide network of interconnected objects and their virtual representations uniquely addressable based on standard communication protocols. Identified by a unique address, any object including computers, mobile phones, RFID tagged devices, and especially Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) will be able to dynamically join the network, collaborate, and cooperate efficiently to achieve different tasks. With all these objects in the world equipped with tiny identifying devices, daily life on earth would undergo a big transformation. To achieve this vision, there is a need for scalable and interoperable networking systems to support the challenging requirements for future internet and web: secure, reliable, energy-efficient and cost-effective large-scale sensor networks, machine-to-machine communications, and information networking architectures suitable for low end devices through to high end consumers. The purpose of this special issue thus is to report on the recent and original advances on WSN and IoT that are to be innovative to open the new era of the Internet ofThings. From the many submissions we received, a number of exciting manuscripts stood out for their relevance and technical significance.These accepted papers touched upon threeWSN and IoT areas: IoT network infrastructure, related hardware design, and IoT protocols. A. Asensio et al. discussed the wireless sensor node architecture hardware design criterion based on energy analysis according to the specific requirements of an application. C. Liu et al. proposed a novelWSNauthentication scheme based on the quadratic residues theory, which uses themaster key to achieve simple symmetric cryptographic primitives and authentication operation for aims of great resistance against the attacks and low energy consumption. F. T. Lin proposed a method to tackle the dying nodes as well as the cost, specifically a holes healing scheme. C. Xu proposes a novel Vehicular Network-based CMT solution based on a CMT disorder analytic model which can effectively and accurately evaluate the degree of out-of-order data. S. Yin proposed two digital calibration and compensation techniques for low-power wireless multiband transceiver to adjust the VCO’s tuning curves in the frequency synthesizer and eliminate the DC offset voltage in the intermediate frequency pathway. J. Zhang proposed an energy-efficient distributed algorithm for virtual backbone construction with cellular structure WSN, which combines optimal coverage theory based on cellular structure and energy consumption model for different kinds of sensor nodes to achieve the construction and rotation of backbone in multiple rounds. By compiling these papers we hope to enrich our readers and researchers with latest innovative ideas with respect to the future Wireless Sensor Network and Internet of Things.

PN-WSNA-Based Eye–Hand–Leg Coordination with a FIRA HuroCup Basketball Game

Biped humanoid robots present perception and locomotion capabilities similar to those of human beings. Eye-hand-leg coordination is a basic and required capability for a healthy person, and eye-hand-leg coordination performs various skill-oriented tasks. In this paper, the skill-oriented tasks for playing a basketball game were implemented for a child-size humanoid robot (HuroEvolution) through the use of eye-hand-leg coordination. The “eye” function is responsible for active perceptions in environments, the “hand” function is for gripping and manipulating objects to perform specific tasks, and the “leg” function is used to transport the biped robot to a desired location for the execution of tasks. Coordination among the eye, hand, and leg was achieved using predefined scenarios for various skill-oriented tasks. To utilize flexible and systematic skill-oriented task implementations, a Petri net-based wireless sensor node architecture (PN-WSNA) was employed in this project to define the task scenarios. The control scenario of eye-hand-leg coordination was realized by aggregating fundamental PN-WSNA scenario modules for fast realizations. The coordination model can be further evaluated theoretically to investigate its propensity for avoiding system deadlocks. Finally, the skill-oriented eye-hand-leg coordination tasks for realizing the Federation of International Robot-Soccer Association HuroCup League basketball games were successfully demonstrated to validate our approaches.

Hardware Architecture Design for WSN Runtime Extension

Internet of Things imposes demanding requirements on wireless sensor networks as key players in context awareness procurement. Temporal and spatial ubiquities are one of the essential features that meet technology boundaries in terms of energy management. Limited energy availability makes anywhere and anytime sensing a challenging task that forces sensor nodes to wisely use every bit of available power. One of the earliest and most determining decisions in the electronic design stage is the choice of the silicon building blocks that will conform hardware architecture. Designers have to choose between dual architectures (based on a low-power microcontroller controlling a radio module) and single architectures (based on a system on chip). This decision, together with finite state machine design and application firmware, is crucial to minimize power consumption while maintaining expected sensor node performance. This paper provides keys for energy analysis of wireless sensor node architecture according to the specific requirements of any application. It thoroughly analyzes pros and cons of dual and single architectures providing designers with the basis to select the most efficient for each application. It also provides helpful considerations for optimal sensing-system design, analyzing how different strategies for sensor measuring and data exchanging affect node energy consumption.

PN-WSNA: An Approach for Reconfigurable Cognitive Sensor Network Implementations

In this paper, a decentralized Petri-net-(PN)-based wireless sensor node architecture (PN-WSNA) is proposed to model and implement a reconfigurable cognitive sensor network. The proposed PN-WSNA is defined based on an ordinary PN. Benefits of inheriting the ordinary PN are powerful modeling capabilities of discrete event dynamic systems as well as theoretical evaluations of sensor process models. A PN-WSNA engine is implemented as a kernel program in sensor nodes so that reconfigurations of sensor process can be achieved in terms of updating tiny PN-WSNA model instead of full executable firmware codes. Therefore, this approach provides an efficient and power-saving methodology to reconfigure and update the execution scenarios in remote sensor nodes. At the same time, a PN-WSNA management server is responsible for PN-WSNA model constructions, distance sensor node administrations, and routing table managements. Each PN-WSNA sensor node is realized using a BAT mote, and a simulated distributed solar tracking system is also demonstrated to verify our approaches.