Architecture Of Monasteries Research Articles

Аrhitektura v izkustvoto—izkustvo v arhitekturata

<i>Аrhitektura v izkustvoto—izkustvo v arhitekturata</i>

The architecture of the former Carmelite Monastery in the Mali Dorohostai village in Volhynia

Monasteries of the Roman Catholic order of the Carmelites were well-represented in the historic cities of Volhynia (e.g. Berdychiv, Dubno, Vyshnivets, Kisilin, Lutsk, etc.). One of them was built in the Mali Dorohostai village, which currently is a part of the Mlyniv district in Rivne Oblast of Ukraine. This monastery, built in the mid-18th century, was closed in the 1830s, and then adapted by the Russian Tsar for the use of Orthodox Church. During the first World War, it was completely destroyed. The architecture of this monastery is almost forgotten in modern historiography. The recently discovered archival drawings from the first half of the 19th century give a good idea of the stylistic and structural characteristics of the no longer existing monastery.

The Monastery of Deçan and the Attempts to Appropriate It

The Monastery of Deçan is a monument of cultural heritage in Deçan-Kosova. The monastery was built in the 14th century, and is listed at the UNESCO monuments list. The monastery of Deçan is considered one of the most important cultural and monumental building pertaining to the medieval period in Kosova and in the region in general. The paper deals especially with the historical aspect of its existence as well as its architectonic properties. The architecture of monastery of Deçan is characterized by Byzantine elements, but one can also observe Roman Italian elements in its architecture. The attempts to appropriate and assimilate the historical and cultural background that is characteristic to the monastery, and classify it as a Serbian monastery are numerous and often times lack sufficient scientific basis. The monastery of Deçan, with its Roman-Gothic architecture and its unique history enriches the cultural mosaic of cultural heritage in Kosova, and as such it is part of the culture of all Kosovars.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ СЕРБСКИХ И РУССКИХ МОНАСТЫРЕЙ

A comparative analysis of the evolution of Orthodox monasteries is given on the example of Serbia and Russia. This topic is relevant in the issue of the revival of the Orthodox culture. The formation of the architecture of monastery complexes in modern conditions allows to determine the principles of the functional and architectural-spatial organization of Orthodox monasteries with social and educational facilities. Currently, the functions of monasteries are expanding, their educational, social, pilgrimage and other activities are becoming increasingly popular. The monastery ensemble is an open and constantly evolving system, and the methodology for the study of monastery complexes is based on a systematic approach to studying the architecture of Orthodox churches and monasteries. To date, comprehensive studies of the Orthodox monastery architecture of Serbia and the entire Balkan region as a whole have not been conducted. However, the experience of monastic construction in Russia and the Balkans allows to explore many features of the architecture of Orthodox monasteries and develop recommendations for the restoration of temple architecture and the new construction of temple complexes and monasteries, taking into account their socio-educational and cultural activities. In the revival of the monasteries of Serbia, the experience of Russia can now be widely used. At the same time, the main task of the architect is to preserve the features of the Serbian temple architecture and its identity.

Сложение образа монастыря в русском искусстве XIV–XVI веков.

ОмфалиRussian art of the second half of the 14th century demonstrates significant interest towards monastic themes. During this period the first depictions of Blachernai monastery appear in early icons of Intercession. In the mid. 15th century, the iconography of Russian monasteries started to develop. Particularly, there is an image of the Holy Trinity Monastery, founded by St Sergius of Radonezh, depicted on the walls of the St Sergius Church in Novgorod (1459–1463), and the Church of the Miracle of the Archangel Michael at Chonae founded by St. Alexios, the bishop of Moscow, is depicted on the icon of St. Alexios with scenes of his life painted in the 1480s. In the 16th century, sights of Russian monasteries, depicted as churches surrounded by walls, sometimes with scenes of miracles, became subjects for icon-painting. Among them, we should mention the “House of Sts. Zosimas and Sabbatius” with views of the Solovetski Monastery. Architecture became the main content of the plot of those icons. Another interesting subject is the “House of St Sabbatius of Tver”, the subject that, however, never fully developed. It contains scenes from the Bible and the New Testament integrated into the space of monastery. They probably had in mind the so-called proskynetarion icons containing sights of Jerusalem and the Holy Land with scenes from the Holy Writ. The author underlines that the interest towards architecture of monasteries is a distinctive feature of Russian art. It can be tied with the fact that most of the Russian monasteries in the 16th century were coenobian, which in Russian climate meant a large number of buildings. Technical drawings, as well as views of the Holy Land, played an important role in generating such subjects.