City Architecture Research Articles

Architectural Modernisation in Panevėžys During the 1930s: Exploring the Works of Civil Engineer Antanas Gargasas

Summary In contemporary studies of Lithuanian interwar architecture, so far the greatest attention is paid to the analysis of the architectural development and modernization processes that took place in the city of Kaunas, the temporary capital of the country at the time. The work of architectural specialists who worked there is also analysed more. However, at the same time, little is known about the development of architecture created in the smaller cities of Lithuania at that time and its modernization. Thus, this article aims to more thoroughly reveal and analyse the processes of modernization of Panevėžys city architecture that took place in the 1930s, choosing the designs of Antanas Gargasas, who worked there as a municipal engineer in 1931–1940, as the research object. This is done in the article by analysing and presenting the majority of his designed public buildings and the most significant and typical residential buildings. The article, which was written based on archival material, the press of the research period and the contemporary studies of the interwar architecture, contains an assumption that the buildings designed by Antanas Gargasas had a significant influence on the processes of modernization of the Panevėžys architecture at that time and the spread of new stylistic trends in it. The article is supplemented by the drawings and photos of the buildings designed by the engineer.

Inclusive Cities for Visually Impaired People

Objective: The objective of this study is to to present a literature review and its evolution regarding how elements of city architecture can contribute to the inclusion of the visually impaired and the most appropriate way to reproduce it, specifically in the context of Brazil. Theoretical Framework: The urban organization of a city can either contribute to or hinder human interactions, social inclusion, and the autonomy of people with disabilities. However, for a long time, cities were not planned to accommodate diversity, becoming even a segregating space for some minorities, such as the visually impaired. Method: The methodology adopted for this research includes the review and discussion of books, articles, specialized virtual pages, and pertinent legislation. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that urban orientation elements for the visually impaired lack standardization, making them a hindrance to their perception. Research Implications: Future work needs to invest in the research for the standardization of tactile maps and floors, also incorporating new technologies. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by discussing city architecture from the perspective of the visually impaired, highlighting practical contributions for better territorial performance for this specific population.

Penerapan Augmented Reality (AR) Pada Ikon Kabupaten Tanah Laut

Landmark is a city architecture that through the locality of the city has been used as an object of building, architecture or has become the identity of a city. Landmarks are usually in the form of distinctive buildings that make people know the origin of the city just by looking at it. In everyday life, many people do not recognize Ikons, Landmarks or markers in their cities, regions or countries. Many people in Tanah Laut Regency only know through TV media or when they driving on the highway they see one of these Ikons or Landmarks, so they do not know more about the Ikons or Landmarks from their area, resulting in a lack of knowledge of their own regional identity. One solution to this problem is the use of Augmented Reality (AR) technology, this technology will combine 3D designs from regional Landmarks in Tanah Laut Regency and a little explanation about this building or Ikon. In building the application, the author uses the Waterfall model using the C# programming language and is designed using Flowcharts and DFD. Application of Augmented Reality on Landmarks / Icon of Tanah Laut Regency can make it easier for the public to access information about the history and shape of the monuments in Tanah Laut Regency.

A Comprehensive Model to Assess Sustainable Architecture in Emerged Megacities: A Closer Look at Cairo’s New Administrative Capital (NAC)

The concept of sustainable architecture plays a pivotal role in developing prosperous and environmentally friendly cities. The New Administrative Capital, as depicted in state media, incorporates many sustainable design elements. This includes the use of environmentally friendly building materials, energy-efficient infrastructure, water conservation and recycling, waste reduction, and the provision of green spaces along with efficient public transportation networks. The successful integration of these sustainable features within the NAC highlights the positive outcomes that can be achieved through sustainable urban architecture in major cities. These results not only reduce the environmental footprint but also improve the quality of life and provide economic benefits. However, to encourage the widespread adoption of sustainable urban architecture practices in major cities, further research, policy adjustments, and community engagement are essential. Therefore, this paper aims to present a framework specifically designed to evaluate sustainable initiatives within the New Administrative Capital of Cairo, focusing on its government district and examining the environmental, economic, and societal dimensions. This study will use a qualitative descriptive case study design complemented by a content analysis method.

Art object – an integral component of shaping the architectural environment of a modern city

Shaping the image of a modern city, its aesthetic and artistic qualities, improving its appearance and attracting the attention of residents and guests of the city to his certain parts with the help of traditional, modern and exclusive art objects is an up-to-date question. The main purpose of the research was to theoretical materials, explored art object characteristics, functions, role in modern city architecture, and residents’ attitudes towards art object use in urban spaces. The research program included the following stages: preparatory, research and summarising with the integrated use of general scientific research methods. The methods included analysis of scientific literature, field research, analysis of architectural solutions, analysis of similar projects, and generalisation of previously proposed ideas for the formation of public space. As a result of the conducted comprehensive research, the main functions of art objects, the properties of art objects and the role of art objects in the formation of the architectural environment of a modern city in the system “art-objects – public space – residents” were summarised. The main characteristic features that art objects should have in the context of urban space are analysed and systematised. Through the survey of the city’s population, it was established that existing art objects in cities require thematic and compositional adjustments, since a group of art objects and each of them individually form the image of the city, reflect its uniqueness and originality. The survey revealed that residents for the formation of the urban environment prefer art objects of historical and cultural themes. In order to take into account the culture and traditions of the city’s residents during the design and placement of art objects, it is necessary to conduct a survey and expert evaluation, which should be an important part of the process of shaping the urban space. The theoretical and practical value of the research results lies in the fact that the materials, provisions and conclusions contained in it can be included in the preparations of educational materials on environment design and also used as recommendations for improving the process of forming of the image of the urban environment in the activities of government agencies, design organisations, and developers of regulatory documentation

Palladian Architecture in Thailand : Its meanings and Evolution

This research aims to study Palladian architecture in Thailand focusing on its meaning and evolution Palladian architecture is originated from an Italian architect, Andrea Palladio, in the Renaissance period. The distinctive identity is that it has beautiful proportions that are harmoniously consistent, with the style which unraveled from ancient Greco-Roman architecture. Around the 17th century, Palladian architectural style was popular in Europe. Therefore, It can be clearly reflects as a symbol of Western architecture. In 19th century, Western powers began to gain more influence in Southeast Asia as well as in Thailand. The arrival of Westerners led to the development of western architecture in many cities. The Palladian architectural style was used as a model for the design of many buildings. This study finds that Western architects worked in Thailand had applied their knowledge of classical architecture to design the buildings according to Thai’s cultures. Palladian architecture in Thailand are mostly applied for large buildings. Its layout is outstanding. The main circulation uses the central hall as a link to different functions. Palladian architecture reflected luxury, simply majestic, easy to be applied to suit the terrain and modernity equivalent to the developed western nations.

Towards providing a priority-based vital sign offloading in healthcare with serverless computing and a fog-cloud architecture

Smart cities and healthcare services have been gaining much attention in recent years, as the benefits offered by this field of research are significant and improve quality of life. Systems can proactively detect health problems by monitoring a person’s vital signs and make automated decisions to prevent these problems from worsening. With this in mind, we highlight two essential requirements that smart city architectures should consider to achieve elevated quality of experience in the healthcare domain. The first is to process high-priority vital signs with short response times, so people with comorbidities can have health problems identified as soon as possible. The second is to employ scalability techniques to deal with high usage peaks resulting from people concentrating in specific city neighborhoods. This paper contributes to this field of research by proposing SmartVSO - a computational model of a hierarchic, scalable, tree-based, fog-cloud architecture that executes healthcare services with reduced response time for urgent vital signs. Fog computing is employed to reduce response times, and cloud computing is used to provide virtually infinite computing resources. Serverless computing is the main technology we consider for deploying and running healthcare services because this allows authorized companies to implement their own services in a distributed and pluggable approach, without recompiling the proposed modules and reducing scalability concerns for engineers. An experiment with 80,000 vital signs indicates that our solution processes 60% of the very critical ones in no more than 5.3 s, while an architecture without fog computing and without prioritization takes up to 231 min (around 3 h and 51 min) to process 60% of very critical vital signs.

Research on Intelligent Supervision System and Terminal for Small Sluice Group

As a conventional water conservancy project, small water gates play a crucial role in flood prevention and drainage, water storage and irrigation. In response to the problems of a large number, wide distribution, and difficult management of small water gates, this article proposes an intelligent supervision system for small water gate groups based on the three-level architecture of provinces, cities, and counties. Then, according to the requirements of small water gate supervision, the hardware circuit and software program of the monitoring terminal were specially designed. The main content of this article includes three aspects: the provincial, city, and county level design of regulatory platforms, the modular and hierarchical structure design of terminal hardware, and the standardization and standardization design of terminal software. It provides a solution for the intelligent, efficient, and standardized management of small water gate groups, as well as a low-cost, reliable, and versatile monitoring terminal for the implementation of the solution. It has positive significance in solving the management difficulties of small water gates.

An efficient starling murmuration-based secure web service model for smart city application using DBN

The advent of IoT devices increased internet usage more than smartphones and personal computers. The manual analysis of the Web Service Description Language (WSDL) document is quite expensive and time-consuming, hence this paper proposes a novel deep learning architecture to overcome the issue associated with web service classification. A structural self-organized deep belief network (SSODBN) is used for real-time web service classification in different fields such as Education, Smart electricity, Intelligent road networks, Health and social care, and Sports, water, and gas distribution. The SSODBN architecture utilizes a dropout strategy to minimize the interrelationship between the feature detectors and a regularized reinforced transfer function to eliminate the irrelevant weights. The main advantage offered by the S-DBN architecture is the improved preprocessing with feature selection. The Starling Murmuration Optimizer (SMO) is utilized in this paper to minimize the reconstruction error of the S-DBN architecture. The security of the smart city architecture is mainly improved via the blockchain defined network (BDN) using user-authenticated blocks. The experimental results revealed that the proposed method managed the scalability, latency, and centralization issues with superior data transmission.

Driving Urban Digitalisation through a National Mission– a multilevel governance perspective of India’s data smart cities strategy

ABSTRACT This article analyses the Data Smart Cities Strategy, a key policy component under India’s ambitious 100 Smart Cities Mission, to understand how a national government-driven urban digitalisation agenda is being implemented in a federal political system where urban development responsibilities are shared between different tiers. A review of the implementation progress shows wide city-to-city variation in digitalisation and data readiness. Using the lens of multilevel governance as the analytical framework, our study highlights the importance of state-level factors in shaping city-level outcomes. Governance capacities and administrative attention towards urban issues vary significantly from state to state. This, in turn, impacts city performances as the institutional architecture of smart cities is dominated by state-level actors. We flag concerns that the top-down digitalisation agenda may widen the regional divide. While seed capital provided under the central scheme helped cities in poorer states to build expensive digital infrastructure, there are uncertainties regarding how these will be managed once the scheme ends.

Byzantine Architecture in the Lower City of Perge

Byzantine Architecture in the Lower City of Perge

High Quality Universal Education Create High Quality Human Resources for The Construction Industry, Case In HCMC

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence, the construction industry is facing great challenges in providing quality education that effectively meets the needs increasing number of highly skilled human resources, especially in the fields of construction and architecture. This study aims to address the question of how universities specializing in civil engineering and architecture in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and Vietnam can train and produce qualified students to meet the increasing demands of the labor market. The research uses qualitative methods, conducting case studies at Ho Chi Minh City University of Architecture. Data will be collected through conducting in-depth interviews with stakeholders and decision makers at different management levels. The study aims to identify strategies and directions that can lead to the development of high-quality human resources in the field of construction and architecture. The results of this study will provide valuable insights to local and central government agencies as well as universities and businesses in need of high-quality human resources, helping them strengthen their training process, building and applying policies to support and improve overall quality. Higher education in the construction industry.

Exploring an Architectural Paradigm for the 15-minute city planning model: Towards reforming gaps of services in Nablus

The existing literature on the 15-minute city planning model mainly covers conceptual strategies, responsive urban transformations, and innovative urban development projects at the neighborhood level. However, little attention has been given to the actual architecture of the 15-minute city. This planning model emphasizes the relationship between time and space of services in neighborhoods, which can be used as a scientific method to fill the gaps in services in Nablus neighborhoods. Local feedback on the distribution of services, proximity, and mobility in Nablus neighborhoods has highlighted the need to reimagine the comprehensiveness, density, and accessibility of services. Additionally, the prioritization of services has changed during COVID-19, which emphasizes the importance of architecture that considers flexibility in services. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the use of prefabrication construction technology in the placement of urban service units as a sustainable architectural model to realize the 15-minute city planning model. The paper presents the integration of structural system analysis, environmental considerations, and sterilization criteria into the model and proposes guidelines for the feasibility of this model. The resulting urban service framework of the architectural paradigm responds to the pointed-out needs of the population, and the temporary introduction of the model makes the application of the model responsive to the local shortage of vacant lands.

Assessing the Efficacy of Spatial Planning and Architecture in New Cities: A Case Study of Galala City and Its Implications for Responsible Urban Development

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies used in the planning and construction of new responsible cities and to determine whether or not the stated objectives are being met. As a case study, Galala City provided insights into the efficacy of implementing the principles of responsible cities and served as a reference for similar projects. The evaluation encompassed an examination of diverse elements, including social, economic, and environmental considerations, in order to ascertain the degree to which the theory has been effectively implemented and its influence on both the city and its inhabitants. The research findings indicated that a critical first move in the development of new cities should involve the establishment of robust governance structures and institutions. It is essential to provide a variety of housing choices to accommodate different economic groups, promoting inclusiveness. Additionally, addressing the housing, commercial, and recreational requirements of low-skilled workers throughout the construction and post-construction phases is vital. Emphasizing the creation of employment opportunities and business prospects emerges as a fundamental principle for drawing and retaining permanent residents. Examining how well the Responsible Cities theory works in practice, using Galala City as a case study, has the potential to enhance the field of urban planning and architecture. This, in turn, can promote the creation of cities worldwide that are not only more sustainable but also more inclusive.

House Owners – Tenants – Lodgers: The Topography of Tenement Houses in Medieval Prague

The phenomenon of tenement housing in medieval Prague is as yet understudied. This study attempts to outline the character of tenement housing on the basis of extant written sources from the fourteenth and fi fteenth centuries using an interdisciplinary perspective and the prism of four select themes: 1. contracts of lease; 2. the town house and its layout from the viewpoint of history and construction history; 3. analysis of Old Town tenement books for 1427 and 1429; 4. the social structure of inhabitants of an average Prague house using the example of three persons: the owner, the tenant-conventor, and the lodger-inquilinus. It appears that the Prague agglomeration being the centre of the Czech lands and the residence of the ruling Luxembourg dynasty, it was an exclusive urban centre in which only the members of the urban upper and upper-middle classes could aff ord to own a house. Small craftsmen and tradesmen had to rent their living space and workspace. The metropolis experienced a construction boom throughout the fourteenth century. Building lots were much more densely covered and dozens of new houses appeared built for the purpose of tenement housing (as opposed to being the residence of the owner). It is clear that this development had a signifi cant impact on the architecture and urban structure of the medieval city.

A full-fledged, multi-agent system representing the architecture of smart cities by balancing energy with optimal electricity forecasting, integrating individual comfort, and extracting financial gains.

A full-fledged, multi-agent system representing the architecture of smart cities by balancing energy with optimal electricity forecasting, integrating individual comfort, and extracting financial gains.

Breaking Down Data Sharing Barrier of Smart City: A Digital Twin Approach

The smart city aims to enhance the efficacy of urban management and improve the quality of citizen life. This however faces a fundamental difficulty due to the inadequate data sharing among social entities, which has become one of the key barriers to the in-depth development of smart city, making wasted information resources and application silos ubiquitous. As an emerging communication paradigm, the digital twin network (DTN) has the potential to eliminate the data-sharing barrier in smart cities. By mapping the social physical entities (PEs) in the smart city to digital virtual agents, namely data twins (DTs), valuable data can be directly shared among the DTs over DTN without physical constraints, and form decisions that feedback and guide the operations of PEs. In this article, we explore the role of DTN in supporting the smart city and promoting data-sharing construction. We first introduce the basic concepts related to DTN and propose the architecture of DTN-enabled smart city. The key features of the DTN-enabled smart city are then discussed with an emphasis on the security and privacy issues with fundamental solutions around data sharing in the DTN-enabled smart city. As a case study, we investigate data sharing in the DTN-enabled smart city and design a secure and fair data-sharing mechanism. Finally, we propose open challenges for achieving a more reliable DTN-enabled smart city.

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Review of The Architecture of Disability Buildings, Cities, and Landscapes Beyond Access

David Gissen’s slim but packed The Architecture of Disability: Buildings, Cities, and Landscapes beyond Access hits hard, suggesting “an entirely different relationship between the apparatus of architecture and architects in their engagement with disabled people” (139). Using original site interpretation and archival research, what he means by “different” is an epistemological transformation of foundational architectural concepts. Gissen adopts the lens of impairment and techniques of defamiliarization to upend durable architectural beliefs and position disability critique at the heart of contemporary architectural and urban debates. This is not new—the work of Elizabeth Guffey, Sun-Young Park, David Serlin, to name a few, offer penetrating takes on how disability theory can expose hidden cultural values and systems. However, unlike these scholars’ focus on designs for disability, Gissen’s reinterpretations of places for the general public suggest a more holistic rewriting of architectural history. Also, where most disability critiques of architecture emerge from other fields such as geography or disability studies, The Architecture of Disability offers the field’s first broad, serious engagement with disability. That this is JAE’s first review of a book on disability confirms architecture’s lag in treating impairment as fundamental to design discourse.

ОКСЮМОРОН В СОЦИОЛОГИИ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ

The thesis on the use of the concept of «oxymoron» in the sociology of city architecture within the boundaries of an interdisciplinary field is disclosed. Oxymoron has been proven to play an important role in the sociology of architecture in terms of creating a comfortable, functional environment and environmentally friendly that promotes interaction and social integration. The basic oxymorons-terms are highlighted and analyzed: deconstructivism, house is a machine for living, garden city. In these oxymorons, linguistic antinomies are clearly manifested: statics - dynamics, objective - subjective, social - individual. It has been shown that basic oxymorons-terms fully satisfy modern social needs. Based on the basic oxymorons-terms, the architectural oxymorons were analyzed: flag house, viaduct city, flying houses, glass house, water scraper, and heavenly earth. The obtained results can be used to improve the people life quality and create a more harmonious environment.