Architectural Design Practice Research Articles

Embodied Spaces in Digital Times: Exploring the Role of Instagram in Shaping Temporal Dimensions and Perceptions of Architecture

This study explores Instagram’s influence on sensory and experiential engagement with architecture in the digital age. Using a phenomenological approach, we studied the impact of Instagram’s visual features, such as filters, geotagging, and hashtags, on user interactions and perceptions of architectural spaces. The research demonstrates that Instagram transforms traditional architectural experiences into dynamic visual narratives that integrate real and virtual elements, altering our understanding of space and time. While acknowledging that architectural experience encompasses form, function, and historical context, this paper specifically focuses on Instagram’s role in mediating perceptual experiences. By analyzing user engagement patterns and content trends, the study highlights how Instagram shapes architectural design practices and the creation of spaces tailored for digital interaction. This study offers a comprehensive view of the complex relationship between digital media and architectural perception, identifying both the opportunities and challenges presented by the platform in influencing our understanding of architectural spaces.

The religious legacy of śiwa-buddha at Kalibukbuk temple, Buleleng: A historical and religious approach

Background: This study explores the religious legacy of Śiwa-Buddha at Kalibukbuk Temple in Buleleng, aiming to highlight the historical and religious aspects that contribute to its significance. The integration of Śiwa and Buddha traditions in Balinese religious culture reflects the island’s parallel religious landscape, particularly during the Majapahit era. Previous studies have discussed the blending of Śiwa and Buddha elements in various Balinese temples, yet there is limited focused research on Kalibukbuk Temple. This study addresses this gap by analyzing historical records and religious texts, shedding light on how the Śiwa-Buddha harmonization shaped local religious practices. Methods: The research utilizes a qualitative method with a historical-analytical approach, combining literature review, field observations, and interviews with religious practitioners. Data collection involved an examination of temple inscriptions, carvings, and architecture to interpret symbolic elements related to Śiwa-Buddha teachings. A comparative analysis with similar temples in Bali was also conducted to emphasize common patterns and distinctive characteristics. Findings: The findings indicate that Kalibukbuk Temple serves as a cultural and spiritual focal point in Buleleng, with Śiwa-Buddha elements prominently reflected in its architectural design, deity iconography, and ritual practices. The temple’s inscriptions reveal a deliberate effort to harmonize Śaivism and Buddhism, which suggests an inclusive religious policy of the era. Furthermore, the study shows that this religious harmonization at Kalibukbuk facilitated greater social cohesion within the local community by bridging religious differences. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study reveals that the Kalibukbuk Temple's religious legacy illustrates a successful integration of Śiwa-Buddha traditions, reflecting Bali’s broader harmonized religious identity. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in its focused examination of a lesser-studied temple, providing fresh insights into Balinese religious history. This study contributes to the understanding of how religious harmonization played a vital role in shaping cultural and religious continuity in Bali.

Socio-Digital Co-Design Practices

Studies of architectural design practices have shown that building projects take shape through the intricate interactions between human designers and various technological tools. In present-day’s architectural practice, these interactions are increasingly being reconfigured by two major trends that are affecting the future of construction: digitalisation and the imperative to make building processes and the built environment sustainable. Against this backdrop, the paper presents insights from an ethnographic case study on socio-digital co-design practices in the planning and preconstruction phase of an ambitious building project. This research explores how digital tools reconfigure design practices and highlights the ‘reverse salient’ that has limited the realisation of the integrative potential of socio-digital design processes. Using a practice theory approach centred on ‘socio-digital co-design’, the study shows that digital tools reorganise, but do not take over, the coordination practices in early design necessary to achieve coherent results and sustainability outcomes.

An analysis of the Puri Brata Resort & Gallery building’s design from an environmental aesthetics and sustainability perspective

The research paper delves into the implementation of sustainable architectural design practices at Puri Brata Resort & Gallery in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The primary objective of the study is to analyze the impact of eco-friendly design principles on both the environment and visitor experience within the resort. Data collection for this research involved conducting a comprehensive survey among visitors to the resort, focusing on aspects such as air quality, temperature control, and overall visitor comfort. Additionally, data was gathered on the utilization of green spaces within the resort and the incorporation of local cultural values and aesthetics in the architectural design. The survey responses were then analyzed to evaluate the perceived impact of sustainable design elements on the guest experience and environmental sustainability. The findings of the research indicate that the integration of eco-friendly practices at Puri Brata Resort & Gallery has positively impacted various aspects, including improved air quality, efficient temperature control, and enhanced visitor comfort. The use of recycled materials, renewable energy sources, and green spaces has contributed to creating a harmonious and sustainable environment that enhances the overall guest experience. The study underscores the importance of incorporating sustainable design principles in architectural practices to create spaces that benefit both the environment and visitors. This research provides valuable insights for industry practitioners and policymakers looking to adopt sustainable design practices in the hospitality and tourism sector.

Predictive modeling of wide-shallow RC beams shear strength considering stirrups effect using (FEM-ML) approach

This paper presents an analysis and prediction of the shear strength of wide-shallow reinforced concrete beams, utilizing Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and machine learning techniques. The methodology involves validating a detailed Finite Element Model (FEM) against experimental results, conducting a parametric study, and developing three Machine Learning prediction equations. The FEM captures concrete and steel behaviors, including cracking and crushing for concrete and linear isotropic properties for steel reinforcement. Loading and boundary conditions are defined for accuracy and validated against 13 experimental specimens, exhibiting a maximum 8% and 12% difference in loads and deflections, respectively. A parametric study generates a dataset of 77 wide beam configurations, exploring variations in beam widths, concrete strengths, compression rebars, and shear reinforcement. This dataset is used to develop machine learning models, including “Genetic Programming (GP)”, “Evolutionary Polynomial Regression (EPR)”, and “Artificial Neural Network (ANN)”. Comparative analysis reveals GP and EPR models with over 95% correlation, while the ANN model outperforms with 99% accuracy. Sensitivity analysis underscores the significant influence of concrete strength and beam aspect ratio on shear strength. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the potential of FEA and machine learning models to predict shear strength in wide-shallow reinforced concrete beams, providing valuable insights for architectural design and engineering practices and emphasizing the role of concrete strength and beam geometry in shear behavior.

Preface

The only certainty is that conditions always change. Change is necessary for life to exist and to be capable of correctly perceiving changes is essential for adapting to new conditions. In an era of rapid environmental change, resilience has become a critical aspect of a sustainable built environment (Architecture and urban design). Resilience is the key of adaptability to maintain continuity. Sustainability itself must not last forever, but one that can easily adapt to future uncertainty.Architecture and urban design are claimed to play a significant role in the deterioration of environmental quality regarding its resilience and sustainability. High intervention in natural habitats for infrastructure propose, poor energy conservation design, lack of accessibility for a wide range of users, and minimum anticipation of immediate change are the small pieces of many architectural and urban design practices that worsen the environmental quality.Many attempts have been to reduce this global phenomenon by incorporating government top-down policies and practitioner bottom-up strategies. Since 2015, the United Nations, specifically through SDGs 11 and 13, dedicated itself to promoting a more sustainable and resilient future for the environment. Practitioners and academics also contribute to initiating and implementing environment-oriented approaches, both in practice and research. Nevertheless, the engagement and collaboration among practitioners, stakeholders, academics, and the community still need to enhance in providing more comprehensive and impactful benefits. These steps are important because the built environments are the products of human work and become the systems that organize human life itself, thus its design should be the solution when preparing for the uncertainty of what comes in the future.International Conference on Architecture Research and Design (AR+DC) is an annual event organized by the Department of Architecture, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember. This international event was first initiated in 2009 and has invited academics, researchers, and professionals from a wide range of expertise and fields. For years, AR+DC topics focused on architecture and its related subjects, such as architecture design, architectural theory, history, and criticism, environmental architecture, housing and settlement, and urban design. In 2023 the conference theme is “Architecture and Urban Resilience: Sustainability through Adaptation.” This conference addresses the following themes: Resilient and Liveable Cities, Resilient Architectural Design and Practice, Resilient Housing and Settlement, Theoretical, Historical, and critical perspectives of resilient Architecture and urban design, Resilient Buildings and Technology, and other Topics.To commemorate Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 63rd Anniversary on November 10th, 2023, this year ARDC 2023 will be held concurrently with the CIVPLAN International Conference (CIC). The CIC, organized by the Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo-engineering (CIVPLAN), ITS, focuses on the theme of “Smart Infrastructure for Sustainable Living.” This conference also serves as a platform to bring together seminars from various departments under the Faculty of CIVPLAN, namely: Architecture, Civil engineering, Urban and Regional Planning, Environmental Engineering, and Geo-Engineering.List of Advisory Board, Scientific Committee, Organizing Committee, Guest Editor and Members are available in this pdf.

Current architectural design trends in times of sustainable development. Part 2. Impact of social factors

The problems of introducing socially oriented methods of improving the quality of the living environment into the practice of architectural design are are touched upon. The object of the study was multifunctional buildings and complexes – multi-apartment housing, as well as student dormitories. The subject of the study is socially oriented methods of improving consumer properties of the living environment. The purpose of the work is to systematize and generalize the principles, the most effective approaches and ways to improve architectural solutions that take into account the influence of socio-demographic and psychological factors. Tasks of the work: identification of topical issues reflected in the current legislative framework and regulatory documents, search and study of modern facilities designed or built in Russia and abroad using socially oriented methods, their analysis and systematization. Results. Modern ways of taking into account social factors are identified and demonstrated. Some basic principles are formulated that correspond to the Goals of Sustainable Development and the tasks of adapting project solutions to the most important needs of people.

Exploring Digital Visualization Methods in Urban Public Building Space Design

Digital technology has driven the innovation of architectural design methods and tools, applying digital techniques to allow greater possibilities for more innovative and scientific design of public building spaces. This article first analyzes the characteristics of digital visualization and its advantages in the design of urban public building spaces, including aspects such as visualizing three-dimensional expression, rational analysis of building space, Virtual Reality Experience, and integration of design and construction processes. Subsequently, by introducing digital design methods such as parametric design, algorithmic generation, nonlinear design, and artificial intelligence-assisted design, it explores the methods and implementation approaches of digital visualization in the design of public building spaces. The aim is to offer insights and references for the deeper integration of digital technology into architectural design practices.

A Study of Information Architecture and Interaction

In the current era of rapid development of information, the field of visual communication design carries the important mission of conveying information and optimizing user experience. This study aims to deeply analyze the core principles and strategies of information architecture and interaction design in visual communication design, as well as the relevance and importance of the two in enhancing design efficiency and user experience. Through the form of case studies, this paper specifies the strategies and methods for building effective information architecture in visual communication design projects, such as target user group analysis, information classification and organization, and navigation system design. The research focuses on the practical and theoretical foundations of interaction design, and explains the key role of interaction design in enhancing user experience and information interactivity. The paper meticulously explores the basic principles of interaction design, such as consistency, feedback, and control, and how these principles can be applied in visual communication design to build intuitive and efficient user interfaces. This paper proposes a multidimensional optimization strategy, including interdisciplinary teamwork, user research and testing, and iterative design, to promote the effective integration of information architecture and interaction design. To summarize, this study not only delves into the application and practice of information architecture and interaction design in visual communication design, but also provides a set of theoretical frameworks and practical design strategies for designers and researchers, with a view to advancing the field of visual communication design to a higher goal by improving the interactability of information and user experience.

Inherited Geometry: a Socio-Professional Pattern in the Low Countries, 1480-1560

At the beginning of the 16th century the Habsburg Low Countries witnessed the emergence of a highly skilled class of painters who also often actively engaged in architectural design practice. This phenomenon has often been explained as being the result of an influx of Italian and humanist thinking about the artist such via the writings of figures like Alberti and Vitruvius. In this article, I propose an alternative account, using selected case studies to argue that this development was an internal process. Essential to changing design practices was the transfer of geometrical design knowledge between guilds, a transfer that transgressed traditional boundaries. Finally, I explore the effect of this knowledge dissemination on the evolving status of the visual artist.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND PRACTICE DESIGNING URBAN COMPLEXES ON THE EXAMPLE OF KYIV

The article examines the interaction of architectural research and design practice regarding the reconstruction of nodal public complexes of large cities. Examining the urban transformations of modern Ukrainian cities on the example of Kyiv allows the author to state the low effectiveness of our scientific recommendations. However, the coverage of such studies can have both scientific and practical results as recommendations for urban planning managers and designers. Some directions of the transformation of the urban environment at the turn of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century in Ukraine are highlighted using the example of the city of Kyiv. Prospective trends of possible directions of transformation of the typology of public centers and residential complexes are formulated. The trends of reconstruction and development of the architectural and town-planning structure are considered. The hierarchy of residential and public centers of large cities as the main structural nodes of the city in unity with the transport and pedestrian infrastructure is presented. Conclusions are made on possible directions of transformation of existing buildings with the formation of new types of public centers. A retrospective examination of competition practice in Kyiv at the end of the 20th century allows the author to systematize his many years of scientific research and design practice in the part of forming the architecture of public centers. The scientific results of the research were implemented in a number of experimental and competitive projects of the author of public centers in Kyiv. The use of a systemic approach allows for the development of public centers regarding the placement and organization of the internal structure of such complexes.

Integrating Augmented Reality in Architectural Design: A New Paradigm

The explores into the significant impact of augmented reality (AR) within the domain of architectural. The research being conducted examines the transformative effect of augmented reality (AR) on the practice of architectural design, including the entire process from basic conceptualization through ultimate execution. The present investigation analyzes the utilization of augmented reality (AR) as an approach to enhance visualization, increase design accuracy, and ease client communication. This study discusses the advantages of augmented reality (AR) in facilitating the production of realistic and engaging design experiences. By using AR technology, designers are able to go past the restrictions presented by standard two-dimensional drawings and realistic models. The work addresses the challenges and obstacles linked to augmented reality (AR) technology, such equipment standards and technical knowledge. This article provides a comprehensive examination of current uses of augmented reality (AR) in architecture, utilizing a combination of mathematical modeling and practical case studies. Also, it analyzes the potential of AR to reshape the next phase of architectural design.

The Applications of Generative Adversarial Networks in Architecture Design: A Systematic Review

Purpose: To review and analyze the research status of the application of generative adversarial networks (GANs) in the field of architecture design. Methods: This study followed the latest PRISMA guidelines and systematically collected relevant research literature from domestic and international sources. In-depth analysis was conducted on 95 representative Chinese and English language articles. During the analysis process, three dimensions of intelligent architectural generation methods were comprehensively and deeply explored: the data application scale, algorithm type, and architectural design process. Results: (1) GANs have been applied to various processes in architectural design practice, from design generation, development, and evaluation to final solution expression; (2) GANs can be applied at different architectural scales, ranging from large-scale complex functional buildings to refined layout designs of residential units; (3) the appearance of GANs enables designers to quickly present design results at various stages, greatly improving work efficiency; and (4) at present, GANs also have many shortcomings, mainly reflected in the accuracy of the data and the usability of tools. Conclusion: Improvements in computer performance and the enrichment of data resources have promoted the widespread application of intelligent architectural generation methods. GANs have great potential in the field of architectural design and can provide a more efficient, flexible, and diverse design process. However, further research and development are needed to address the challenges and limitations of using GANs in this field.

Application of Sustainable Architectural Design Principles to Enhance Ecotourism in Cross River State, Nigeria

Architecture transcends all aspect of human endeavours including its relationship with place, culture, recreation, and nature/historic sites of a people which contributes to its tourism potentials. But ecotourism is sustainable enhances natural ecological attraction, their conservation and development through sustainable architectural planning frameworks. This paper aimed at exploring and enhancing the ecotourism potential of Agbokim and Kwa falls in Cross River State Nigeria as case studies through provision of attractive infrastructure and landscaping associated with architecture. The methodology of study used was qualitative case study method with the use of interviews, observations through visitation, and review of literature respectively. The analysis was carried out using inferential statistics in table for presentations. The study revealed that both Kwa falls and Agbakim waterfall sites in Cross River State, Nigeria was not fused with architecture, for development as attractive tourism and historic sites that can boost the tourism potential of any place. The study emphasized the need to develop and maintain these historic and nature-given sites using sustainable architectural design practices to enhance their ecotourism values/potentials that will attract millions of tourists to the sites and be recognized by World Tourism Organization (WTO) and UNESCO as tourist sites respectively.

The impact of architecturally qualified data in deep learning methods for the automatic generation of social housing layouts

The objective of this work is to explore the impact of the data in the automatic generation of social housing layouts with different deep learning models. The design of Social Housing is a subfield of architecture that necessitates, from the architect, a high degree of precision in refining layouts to effectively address both the programmatic requirements and the aspiration to attain the utmost architectural quality to guarantee inhabitants comfort. This dual challenge stands to gain significantly from the incorporation of data-driven generative processes bolstered by machine learning techniques in general and deep learning ones in particular. The most widely used dataset for data-driven layout generation with deep learning methods is RPLAN, a generic floor plan dataset available online. Although it contains a significant amount of plans, it lacks any information about the architectural quality criteria used for the selection of the data. We conducted an initial analysis of the architectural consistency and key quality features of RPLAN. Upon finding several issues that raise doubts about its suitability for training social housing generation models, we proceeded to create PUBLICPLAN, a new dataset based on proposals submitted and evaluated in public architecture competitions in Spain over the past three years. It comprises 2446 distinct layouts extracted from 1279 proposals in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands. All of these layouts demonstrate high architectural standards. Then, we retrained the three most advanced existing models for generating interior plans using PUBLICPLAN and compared their performance to the same models trained with different subsets of RPLAN. Once the models were trained, we conducted several experiments comparing different models and data subsets and evaluating the impact of the quantity and quality of the data on the models' performance. Those experiments involved over two hundred architects and architecture students. We also examined the plausibility of the generated plans being synthetic with a survey asking to distinguish between human and machine generated layout plans. Our results showed that PUBLICPLAN had a significant impact compared to the alternatives with a similar number of cases. In the examination of the feasibility of human-generated plans, over 48.43% of architects and architecture students identified machine-generated plans as being of human origin. Moreover, in qualitative experiments conducted with an equivalent dataset, our qualified dataset PUBLICPLAN demonstrated a significantly superior human rating (72.13%) when evaluated by human assessors, as compared to models trained with RPLAN. This highlights the importance of using qualified datasets in deep learning for the generation of social housing layouts. We also identified challenges and priorities in the research field, both in the deep learning process and architectural design practices.

Scenarios of Building Information Modelling-Based Design Education in Architecture Schools

Due to the rapid development of computer technologies and trends in digital design, including building information modeling (BIM) and its diffusion into architectural design practice, it was necessary to introduce BIM into architectural curricula in order to prepare students for practice. This article therefore aims to identify scenarios for teaching BIM to architecture students worldwide. To achieve this objective, a thematic analysis of BIM teaching experiences in several selected academic institutions was conducted. The data studied included published articles and official university websites dealing with BIM teaching. A theoretical framework for BIM education was determined, comprising two aspects: pedagogical methods for BIM education and specifications for BIM courses in architecture programs. The document identified several scenarios for teaching BIM in multidisciplinary or architecture-specific courses. BIM teaching can be offered as part of a single course integrated with other courses, or as a separate course. It may be taught as part of related or unrelated courses. Related courses can be organized in parallel with an academic semester, or over several semesters. In addition, there are different types of input to project-based BIM teaching, such as a new design project, the results of a previous design course or an actual project. These scenarios can serve as a reference for universities wishing to integrate BIM into their programs.

READING THE PAST: ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PREVALENT PANDEMICS ON CITIES

Throughout history, dozens of epidemics have appeared cyclically, often causing devastating effects. Some of them, such as plague, cholera, and tuberculosis, have led to significant social, economic, and political consequences, with evident repercussions on cities and architecture. In this regard, urban planning has played an essential role in improving life expectancy and limiting the spread of epidemics. This work aims to study the influence of prevalent pandemics on architecture and urbanism over the centuries to comprehend their response and adaption to new health and social requirements. Through a process of investigation and in-depth examination of the literature review, it has been possible to understand the impact of pandemics in cities. The appearance of the first preventive measures during the plague period, the urban interventions to combat the cholera outbreak, and the neat architectural features adopted following the appearance of tuberculosis are witnesses to this process. Professionals and academics are reflecting on the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic, which will affect the practice of architecture and urban design. Thanks to the results obtained, it will be possible to reflect on the impact of the pandemic on contemporary cities, understand their potential resilience and hypothesise future strategies.

Alternativeness in the Architectural Design of Bridges and Overpasses

Modern extensive foreign and domestic experience in design and construction of multifunctional overpasses and bridges indicates that they have become an integral part of urbanised systems. They are endowed with the functions of important urban objects, and with their appearance they have won the right to be considered iconic structures. The subject of the article refers to architectural design of bridges and overpasses. The authors set themselves the task of considering the aspects of combining the main functional characteristics with the aesthetic properties of the object, designating visual components of the project and the specifics of alternativeness of design.The objective of the work is to consider alternativeness in architectural design of bridges and overpasses. A complex method, combining an analysis of the historical and modern experience of architectural theory and design practices, was based on technical literary materials. The study resulted in formulating indicators and leading principles of alternative design.The use of alternatives in the process of designing urban bridges and overpasses allows not only to consider functionality and economic feasibility of a particular project and construction of an object, but also its architectural and artistic orientation, aesthetic component, as well as the designer’s worldview and current trends in architecture. In the process of alternative design of bridges and overpasses, it is required to reproduce the overall complete image of the future structure, consider all kinds of details in structures and shape, and various criteria for layout and location in the environment.

A study to depict challenges and opportunities building industry professionals face when designing inclusive and accessible buildings

Inclusive Design has been widely promoted in the fields of product, engineering, and user experience design. Despite the educational efforts made by scientists, practitioners, and institutions to raise awareness about accessibility and inclusion, Inclusive Design has not been widely embraced in architectural design practice, where it is often associated with design for disability. This multidisciplinary study, spanning behavioural science, ergonomics, and the social sciences of architecture, explores the challenges architectural design practitioners face when designing inclusively, and identifies opportunities to promote the adoption of Inclusive Design. The results of a questionnaire completed by 114 architectural design practitioners underscore the lack of client awareness of the benefits of inclusive design, highlight the important role practitioners can play in advocating for Inclusive Design, and emphasize the need to develop practices and tools that enhance the design and post-design phases of buildings to ensure inclusion, diversity, equity, and accessibility.

Circularity Indicators as a Design Tool for Design and Construction Strategies in Architecture

This study addresses the challenges and barriers associated with the implementation of circular economy principles in architectural design and construction practices. It highlights the fragmented knowledge and lack of a unified approach to circular design as a major obstacle hindering the adoption of circularity. The existing frameworks for assessing circularity, such as the Material Circularity Indicator (MCI) protocol and the Level(s) assessment protocol, are applied to two projects with a high degree of deconstruction to understand their applicability in the architectural design process and identify their limitations. The study emphasises the significance of considering structural connectivity and circularity strategies during the concept-design stage, advocating for the incorporation of circularity at various scales beyond the microscale of materials. Furthermore, it emphasises the need for early implementation of Design for Disassembly (DfD) strategies on circularity scoring to enable meaningful comparisons of alternative designs using circularity metrics. The findings reveal the variability of circularity indicators based on the hierarchy of disassembly and highlights an early-stage design approach to deconstruction strategies to achieve circularity in architectural design. Overall, this study upscales the significance of a comprehensive and integrated approach to circularity in architectural design practices.