Architectural Decoration Research Articles

Orta Asya Tarih ve Kültürünün Akışında Ahmed Yesevi'nin Mimari Kompleksi

The article, using information contained in both eastern and western written sources, in local folklore, research data of restorers, orientalists, archaeologists about the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi and the city of Turkestan, examines the history and architecture of the mausoleum against the background of the general history of Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The work uses new findings about early buildings near and at the site of the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. Fragments of carved terracotta - examples of architectural decor, revealed by archaeologists and restorers testify to the addition of a complex of tombstones around the early mausoleum of Khoja Akhmed Yasawi, dating from the XII-XIV centuries. Based on the data obtained by one of the authors of the article when examining the interdome space of the mausoleum, it is concluded that in the Karakhanid period there was a memorial mosque near the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. To clarify the details of the interior and exterior of the newly built mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, at the end of the 14th - beginning of the 15th century, descriptions, fixations of scientists of the specified time, various materials stored in the archives of the Institute "Kazrestavratsia" are involved. To recreate the now lost real relics of the mausoleum, the records of those who visited the object in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, researchers, photographic materials of the "Turkestan Album"are involved. The history of the mausoleum in development is shown. Changes and losses during the late Middle Ages, the deplorable state of the monument after the capture of the city by the Russians, repair work during the period of the Russian Empire, the USSR and restoration during the period of independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan are considered separately. Key words: Central Asia, Kazakhstan, mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, Turkestan, Yasy.

Exploration on Strategies of Strengthening Construction Technology Management of Architectural Decoration Engineering

Exploration on Strategies of Strengthening Construction Technology Management of Architectural Decoration Engineering

Highly Stable Metal-Free Long-Persistent Luminescent Copolymer for Low Flicker AC-LEDs.

Organic room-temperature long-persistent luminescent materials are promising light-emitting materials for encryption, architectural decoration, organic solar cells, and biomedical applications. However, their unstable structures and thermal- and humidity-induced emission quenching have greatly limited their utility and reliability. Here, we report a metal-free nonconjugated copolymer that possesses stable photoluminescence at both high temperature and humidity. The room-temperature long-persistent luminescence (LPL) of this copolymer lasts for more than 15 s and can be recovered in high humidity conditions by heating to remove moisture. Copolymer LPL can be achieved with various excitation wavelengths, ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared, and the LPL color can be adjusted accordingly. The high initial LPL intensity and ultrafast filling time of the copolymer makes it suitable for low flicker alternating current-driven light-emitting diodes (AC-LEDs).

Highly Stable Metal‐Free Long‐Persistent Luminescent Copolymer for Low Flicker AC‐LEDs

AbstractOrganic room‐temperature long‐persistent luminescent materials are promising light‐emitting materials for encryption, architectural decoration, organic solar cells, and biomedical applications. However, their unstable structures and thermal‐ and humidity‐induced emission quenching have greatly limited their utility and reliability. Here, we report a metal‐free nonconjugated copolymer that possesses stable photoluminescence at both high temperature and humidity. The room‐temperature long‐persistent luminescence (LPL) of this copolymer lasts for more than 15 s and can be recovered in high humidity conditions by heating to remove moisture. Copolymer LPL can be achieved with various excitation wavelengths, ranging from ultraviolet to near‐infrared, and the LPL color can be adjusted accordingly. The high initial LPL intensity and ultrafast filling time of the copolymer makes it suitable for low flicker alternating current‐driven light‐emitting diodes (AC‐LEDs).

Spiritual Aesthetics of Islamic Ornamentation and the Aesthetic Value in Islamic Architecture

Islamic architecture, a form of Islamic art, contributes significantly to portraying God Almighty's supremacy. In Islamic art, there are numerous ways to place emphasis on this architecture; one of which is through high aesthetic value. In Islamic art and architecture, the greatest extent of ornamentation and motifs probably describe aesthetic values. Islamic ornamentation serves as a platform for delivering information about Islam's culture including Islamic values and identity. Additionally, the most distinguishing characteristic of Islamic ornamentation is the richness of meaning behind it, that might influence a person's perception of spiritual aesthetics. Therefore, this article explore what spiritual aesthetic means and how it relates to Islamic ornamentation. Furthermore, Islamic ornamentation should be considered a part of the interior of the Islamic architecture rather than just decorations added after the fact or to cover in gaps. Through the interplay of the people and interior space, these ornaments have the potential to engage with human aesthetics. Therefore, this research also focuses on the aesthetics and beauty of ornaments, which satisfy one of human psychological needs: to be in a beautiful environment. Because emphasis of the research is to explore how people perceive the aesthetics of Islamic ornamentation, a semiotics method was chosen because of its capacity to transcend literal meanings. The identification and evaluation of the aesthetic and religious qualities of the Islamic ornamentation brought out in this paper can be very helpful for the artists as well as scholars in understanding the Islamic art. 
 Keywords: Islamic Ornaments, Islamic Architecture, Aesthetic Value, Spiritual Aesthetics, Islamic Art, Architectural Ornaments

Worlding on the Hudson: Frederic Church and Global Histories of Art

The ‘Persian’ interior of the American landscape painter Frederic Church is a place crowded with paintings, objects and architectural ornament orchestrated as an installation that the artist both accrued and designed over a thirty‐year period. This regional orientalism, with its cosmopolitan claims and internationally networked cultural politics, is located outside Britain's geographic imperium but within its economic networks, unsettling the boundaries of our nationally circumscribed histories of art. Church's interior was informed by his own experience of travel within the frontiers of the Ottoman Empire, and was formed through a transatlantic web of British, French and American artists, dealers and collectors who were organizing and codifying Islamic art for Western consumers and audiences. But many of these objects that travelled across cultures brought with them a range of cultural narratives that only come into view if we expand the geographic scope of our art history beyond the transatlantic nexus to engage contemporaneous networks of state making and art making in the Islamicate world.

Application Analysis of Traditional Elements in Modern Architectural Decoration Design

Application Analysis of Traditional Elements in Modern Architectural Decoration Design

Textile-Based Sound Sensors (TSS): New Opportunities for Sound Monitoring in Smart Buildings

Persistent poor acoustic conditions can imbalance humans’ psychophysical capabilities. A good acoustic project starts with either correct measurements of the existing acoustic parameters or with the correct hypothesis of new sound conditions. International standards define invasive measurement conditions and procedures that can disturb user activities. For this reason, alternative methodologies have been developed by mounting real-time sound-monitoring devices. Most of the research on these aims to decrease their dimensions in order to be placed in the tight service spaces of modern architecture and to reduce their aesthetic impact on interiors design. In this perspective, this article explores the features and potentialities of textile-based sound sensors (TSS) as they can not only fulfill these needs but can also be used as architectural ornaments by partially wrapping interiors. The ubiquitous of e-textiles for wearable applications has led to increasing the performance of TSS. Therefore, a comparison of the sensitivity values, signal-to-noise ratio and noise floor of sound TSS with sound sensors is presented, which is still missing in the literature. The paper demonstrates how these can be exploited for sound monitoring and can provide valid opportunities for new smart acoustic textiles.

Ornament in Architecture: Symbol Representation

Ornament in Architecture: Symbol Representation

Debates and Discourses on Ornament in Contemporary Architecture

Debates and Discourses on Ornament in Contemporary Architecture

3D Reconstruction of Moroccan-Andalusian Muqarnas Domes

Muqarnas is a three-dimensional Islamic architecture decoration conceived as a spatial arrangement of 3D shapes according to precise geometric rules. Muqarnas work can be performed on several types of materials such as stone, wood, plaster or brick. This paper aims to propose an algorithmic method to construct the circular Moroccan-Andalusian Muqarnas Ornaments from their 2D representation models. The principle is to extract from a 2D design geometric information and underlying rules useful for the construction of its corresponding 3D model. To do so, the first stage consists to determine for each 2D shape of the 2D design model its corresponding 3D Muqarnas element. The second stage consists to perform the spatial composition of these identified 3D elements by using their neighborhood properties. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by its capacity to reconstruct historical circular Muqarnas ornaments appeared during the Almoravids (1040-1147) and Almohads periods (1147-1269). This performance is further evaluated by the ability of the proposed method to construct all possible variants of a historical 3D Muqarnas ornament by considering the different 3D shapes which can be associated to the same 2D shape.

Architectural Decorations of The Mosques of Barqah (Eastern Libya)

A group of ancient mosques dating back to the Fatimid period were discovered in the Libyan region of Barqah, when examining its ruins, it became clear the extent of care in their architecture and decoration. The importance of the article lies in its interest in the architecture of the early Fatimid mosques in the province of Barqah, and its tracing of many of the discovered decorative patterns, trying to employ them, and making the necessary comparisons that help in dating them. The main question here is limited to how to identify the decorative artistic methods that surrounded the Fatimid mosques discovered in Barqah. Thus, the study aims to introduce the Fatimid Barqah mosques, and to highlight and analyze their decorative features. Perhaps what gives this study its original character is that it follows a group of decorative samples in some local and international museums, and subject it to study and analysis by following some research methods such as the historical, descriptive and comparative analytical method, in addition to the archaeological research method and its applied methods in the study of archaeological samples, and relying on field visits. Enables the study to sort out some of the features of the architectural decoration that characterized the architecture of the early Fatimid mosques in the province of Barqah by studying some of the decorative samples from them, its showed that there is a specific artistic style that appeared in many of the decorative examples discovered in Barqah, and it showed how consistent it was with the artistic styles coming from the mosques of Tunisia and Egypt. With regard to future studies, the study emphasizes the need to pay more attention to conducting more research on other samples that the researcher could not access due to some security conditions that the study area is going through.

Effects of WC particles on microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L steel obtained by laser melting deposition

Stainless steel has many excellent characteristics such as high strength, weldability, corrosion resistance, easy processing and surface gloss. It has been widely applied in many industrial and architectural decoration aspects such as aerospace, chemical, and automotive. However, 316L material manufactured by Laser melting deposition has poor wear resistance and tensile strength. In this paper, WC particles are used as a strengthening phase to make up for these deficiencies of 316L. In order to comprehensively evaluate the effect of WC particles on the mechanical properties of 316L formed by laser melting deposition, 316L samples with different proportions of WC particles and different fabricating directions were prepared. The microstructure of samples was observed, and the phase composition, Vickers hardness, friction and wear properties, tensile properties were analyzed. The mechanism of the influence of WC particles on the structure and the mechanism of friction, wear and tensile fracture were studied. The results show that most of the WC particles are evenly distributed in the coating. The microhardness and wear resistance of the 316L/WC composite coating have been significantly improved with the increase in the proportion of WC. The tensile strength and elongation are the best when the WC mass fraction is 6%.

Architektura kościoła karmelitów trzewiczkowych pw. Nawiedzenia NMP na Piasku w Krakowie a działalność krakowskiego cechu budowniczych i kamieniarzy

The Cracow Calced Carmelite Church on the Piasek has not yet become the subject of thorough research. Its reconstruction in the years 1637-1645 was carried out by the workshop of the royal architect Giovanni Trevano (d. 1642), who collaborated with Sebastiano Sala (d. 1651) and Hieronim Carbonari (d. 1669). The preserved elements of architectural decoration from the first half of the 17th century show close parallels with the stone details of the Wawel Royal Castle. Their origins can be found among the relevant realizations of Roman architecture of the 1580s and such as Martino Longhi the Younger and Giacomo della Porta. The reconstruction of the church after the Second Northern War in the 1660s and 1670s was carried out by Pińczów stonemasons and bricklayers from Cracow.

Impact of Industry 4.0 on Green Decoration Materials in Public Architectural Engineering for Application of Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection

Industry 4.0 is derived from the concept of German industry, and its essence is to use technology for efficient production. However, the evolution in wireless technologies has opened the door to a new class of plant automation architecture that offers adopters a significant strategic advantage. Under the historical background of advocating low-carbon production, energy conservation and environmental protection, and sustainable development in various fields, the awareness of ecological energy conservation and environmental protection has gradually become a mainstream ideology. This paper principally studies the application of energy conservation and environmental protection green decoration materials in public architectural engineering projects to show the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection green decoration materials in architectural decoration construction and analyzes the future development direction of public architectural decoration in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the public environment and develop new ways of housing renovation with sustainable development goals to create a sustainable Industry 4.0 combining environmental protection and sustainability.

Application of Traditional Architectural Decoration Elements in Modern Interior Design Based on 3D Virtual Imaging

China’s long history has produced magnificent culture, and Chinese traditional architecture, as a separate development system, has a long history and distinct style. With the gradual rise of “modern Chinese style” in recent years, architects have been constantly exploring and excavating the rich in humanistic connotation residential space form of traditional folk houses in order to adapt it to the contemporary residential life mode. Human civilization is accompanied by living behavior, and the ideal of living environment is destined to evolve in tandem with human civilization. In recent months, more and more 3D virtual technologies, such as e-commerce, interactive communities, and web games, have appeared in the Internet and construction industry as a result of the advancement of modern network technology. People are attempting to rely on computer networks and virtual reality technology to create a more diverse space environment and enjoy the virtual world’s colorful visual feast. The study of how to quickly construct a 3D scene has proven to be very fruitful.

An Insight into Gandharan Art: Materials and Techniques of Polychrome Decoration

Gandharan art developed in the Himalayan area in the early centuries CE. It has been investigated mostly from an iconographic point of view, missing, until very recently, a systematic technical investigation of materials and techniques. Recently our team began performing chemical analyses of the traces of the polychromy originally covering statues, reliefs and architectural decorations, to discover the ancient painting techniques and artistic technologies. This paper presents the results of the analytical investigation (optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry) of pigments, ground layers and binders of a new group of samples taken from stucco architectural decorations (2nd–3rd/4th centuries CE). The samples were collected directly at an archaeological site in the Swat Valley, ensuring the exact knowledge of their stratigraphic provenance, as well as the absence of any restoration treatment applied prior sampling. The results are discussed in the wider context of Gandharan polychromy investigated so far by our team, as found in sculptures and architectural decorations preserved in museums (in Italy and France) and in archaeological excavations in Pakistan. The aim of this research is to shed light on the materials and techniques of this Buddhist ancient art from this region and on the influences exerted on it from Eastern and Western artistic traditions.

Luminescent Lotuses: Mimesis in Miḥrābs and Micro-architecture at Maklī

Abstract This article focuses on the lotus motif employed as an architectural decoration in the monuments of the Maklī necropolis from the late fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth centuries. Through a close analysis of the form and its particular use in micro-architecture, a use connected with allusions to light and divine radiance, I explore the formation of a distinctly local aesthetic idiom in Sindh. This article demonstrates that builders and artisans at Maklī engaged in a practice of architectural citation that involved the serial replication of specific forms and their meanings. In so doing, it argues that history was and is seen as cumulative at the Maklī necropolis.

Preparation and characterization of glass-ceramics with granite tailings and titanium-bearing blast furnace slags

The resource utilization of granite tailings and titanium-bearing blast furnace slags is an emphasis of current research and is widely considered. In this work, by adopting these two slags as raw materials, diopside-based glass-ceramics were synthesized by melting-cooling-monolithic crystallization. The influence of the content of granite tailings, namely, the ratio of (SiO2+Al2O3/CaO+TiO2) on the structure and properties of glass-ceramics was characterized with differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, volume density and microhardness. The results suggest that the introduction of granite tailings makes the melting quality of glass deteriorate and the crystallization tendency decrease, the number of microcrystalline in glass-ceramics decreases and the glass phase increases. Moreover, the increase of Si/O ratio is advantageous to the precipitation of wollastonite but not diopside, and the volume density and microhardness of glass-ceramics decrease with the increase of granite tailings. When the content of granite tailings is 40 wt%, the crystal structure of glass-ceramics is moderate, the volume density and microhardness are 3.0207 g/cm3 and 8.6 GPa, respectively, which are excellent for architectural decoration.

Author's stucco decor in Khabarovsk

The subject of this article is the stucco decoration on the facade of the administrative building of the Art Foundation in Khabarovsk. The description and compositional analysis of the relief decorations of the facade of the building are presented. Sketches, drawings, photographs from the archive of the artist Genendlis M.A. are published, which allowed to establish the authorship of the studied decoration of the building and the time of its creation. In Khabarovsk, a number of pre-revolutionary buildings and many buildings built in the 1930s -1950s, the so-called "Stalinist style", are decorated with stucco decor. Mainly these are stucco plant garlands with festoons, traditional rosettes, sometimes with Soviet symbols, made on the basis of albums of standard samples. A sample of the author's stucco decoration on the facade of the administrative building of the Khabarovsk branch of the Art Fund is a unique object of urban architectural heritage, an example of a decorative work designed for a specific architectural object. The reliefs placed on the facade gave the building its originality and became artistic accents in the surrounding urban environment. The name of the author of the reliefs was forgotten during the seven decades that have passed since their creation in the late 1950s, but thanks to the study of archival materials, the author was identified - the decorator and sculptor M. A. Genendlis, who worked for a long time in Khabarovsk in the field of theatrical and decorative art, sculpture and the creation of architectural decor.