Architectural Design Of Buildings Research Articles

Optimising Building Energy and Comfort Predictions with Intelligent Computational Model

Building performance prediction is a significant area of research, due to its potential to enhance the efficiency of building energy management systems. Its importance is particularly evident when such predictions are validated against field data. This paper presents an intelligent computational model combining Monte Carlo analysis, Energy Plus, and an artificial neural network (ANN) to refine energy consumption and thermal comfort predictions. This model addresses various combinations of architectural building design parameters and their distributions, effectively managing the complex non-linear relationships between the response variables and predictors. The model’s strength is demonstrated through its alignment with R2 values exceeding 0.97 for both thermal discomfort hours and energy consumption during the training and testing phases. Validation with field investigation data further confirms its accuracy, demonstrating average relative errors below 2.0% for total energy consumption and below 1.0% for average thermal discomfort hours. In particular, an average underestimation of −12.5% in performance discrepancies is observed when comparing the building energy simulation model with field data, while the intelligent computational model presented a smaller overestimation error (of +8.65%) when validated against the field data. This discrepancy highlights the model’s potential and reliability for the simulation of real-world building performance metrics, marking it as a valuable tool for practitioners and researchers in the field of building sustainability.

Enhancing Emergency Evacuation Routes through Integration of Safety and Adaptive Characteristics in the Architectural Design of Educational Buildings

Enhancing Emergency Evacuation Routes through Integration of Safety and Adaptive Characteristics in the Architectural Design of Educational Buildings

Co-design in the context of universal design: An Australian case study exploring the role of people with disabilities in the design of public buildings

Universal design aims to maximise usability for all, and to achieve this participation of people with disabilities in design processes is essential. However, it is unknown how universal design and co-design, as a means of participatory design, can be applied to the architectural design of public buildings. This study aimed to explore stakeholder perceptions and experiences on this topic. As a qualitative study, three workshops were held with 26 people with disabilities, advocates, and design professionals. A phenomenological approach to data analysis was employed. Four major themes emerged: there are challenges to practicing co-design; co-design is inclusive, accessible, and genuine; co-design is planned and embedded in all design stages; and co-design delivers positive outcomes. Findings strongly support participation of people with disabilities in architectural design, highlight challenges and limitations to current practice, and provide insight into factors that optimise outcomes and the experiences of those involved.

Web-Based Online Exhibition by Implementing Virtual and Augmented Reality to Visualize Architecture Building Design

Web-based online exhibition using immersive technology, namely Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality, has a major effect on the efficiency of time, place, and cost in providing visitors with an understanding of building architecture. Interaction in understanding architectural modeling is also assisted by a technology called Avatar Mediated Communication (AMC) which is the scope of interaction with other visitors in a Virtual Environment created by Virtual Reality technology. Technology that is able to support all website-based reality activities is made with the Laravel & Express Js framework (Website), Spoke Mozilla Hubs (Virtual Reality Environment), and Library AR Js (Augmented Reality Marker Based). The technology is selected, built, and combined in the stages of the Research & Development (R&D) method, the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) model in examining the development stages and user responses to web-based Virtual & Augmented Reality development products. The results of the responses obtained are based on 6 categories in the UEQ (User Experience Questionnaire) instrument. The result showed that the three largest categories that give a positive response are stimulation, attractiveness, and novelty. Meanwhile, the three categories below are efficiency, perspicuity, and dependability. This indicates that the online exhibition in the support of immersive visualization is able to increase user curiosity in trying to enter the virtual reality room presented in web-based Virtual & Augmented Reality.

Architectural design of office buildings in vietnam’s coastal cities for reduced energy consumption

Office buildings are considered one among largest energy consumers compared with other categories due to day-time operation of lighting and office supplies. The used energy is critically higher in the air-conditioned buildings where HVAC system is enabled over course of the day and even the year. In major Vietnamese coastal cities blessed with Nature’s mild climate, the majority of local office buildings are of gathered-block typology that fails to consider the favourable aspects of climate condition. At first, this study aims to investigate the influences on indoor comfort and energy consumption of two key factors, i.e. outdoor climate and solar radiation, in major Vietnamese coastal cities based on bio-climatic analysis of 20-year historical meteorological data from 1981 to 2000. Then, the study suggests the optimal architectural design (Strategies of Climate Control) of office buildings in the considered towns to maximize climatic favours for reduction of energy use, particularly ones for HVAC. In this research, case study is the Danang Administrative Center building.

The Architecture of Medical and Health Research Buildings and Complexes as The Basis of Sustainable Development

The article deals with the architectural design features of buildings and complexes for medical research. The development of science is a priority for most countries, as it contributes to the overall progress and development of innovative solutions. However, to create a favorable atmosphere for it, several conditions must be met: professional and motivated scientists, special equipment, and, no less importantly, a building (or a complex) whose architecture inspires and promotes innovative scientific activities. The article aims to analyze the progressive worldwide experience in the architectural design of medical research buildings and complexes and, on this basis, to formulate the appropriate design principles. Several methods were used for the research: analysis of scientific publications and conference proceedings, search and analysis of the architecture of medical research buildings and complexes, systematization and analysis of general and individual architectural solutions, identification of patterns and features, final analysis and formation of architectural principles for innovative solutions. The article proposes the main design principles recommended for architectural design, especially for medical research. The most important are the following principles: visual innovation, flexibility, openness of the design structure, maximum use of sunlight, and sustainable development.

Unique architecture in conditions of conflicting objectives and subjective factors (stadium case studies) (Moscow)

Unique buildings reflect a social demand for innovative urban space organization, new perspectives of human activities, and growing need for a safe and favorable environment. Architectural design of unique buildings, especially at early stages, is complicated by uncertainty of functional tasks, absence of regulatory requirements, and necessity for significant modifications during the process. The design experience of stadiums for 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia shows the development of a productive creative idea. The development of this typology is identified by a comprehensive analysis of the architectural heritage and scientific literature. Requirements of international sports organizations for spatial and planning solutions of sports arenas are summarized herein, which form the basis of the Russian construction standardization. Recommendations are provided for the architectural concept preservation.

Integration of Photovoltaic Cells with the Architectural Design of Sustainable Public Buildings

Integration of Photovoltaic Cells with the Architectural Design of Sustainable Public Buildings

Optimal configuration of architectural building design parameters for higher educational buildings

In architectural building design, finding an equilibrium between energy consumption and thermal comfort poses a challenge due to their inherent conflict. To effectively incorporate both aspects, their integration into the decision-making process is crucial. This study demonstrates the optimization of architectural building design parameters for a single-story educational building within a warm temperate climate in New South Wales, Australia. A meticulous validation process was undertaken using the Monte Carlo approach and scrutinizing 2,000 distinct scenarios for each parameter. This validation compared simulation outcomes with field-measured data, confirming the model’s prediction accuracy. The optimization endeavour employed the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to facilitate multiobjective optimization , working with the Pareto front solution. When compared with the baseline building simulation model, the optimized architectural design parameter configuration yields significant reductions of up to 24% in total EC and up to 16.5% in thermal discomfort hours.

MODERN ARCHITECTURAL FORMATION AND 3D PRINTING OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

The article is devoted to the analysis and research of modern practical experience of designing residential objects in the urban environment. The conceptual foundations of the architectural design of modern residential buildings and complexes are considered. Features of modern architectural form-making and 3-D printing of residential objects are determined. It was determined that the architectural concepts of modern residential objects should be built based on the connection of several directions (ecology, urban planning, architecture of buildings and structures with the introduction of landscape design tools) and methods of modern shaping. It has been established that the shaping of modern residential objects is a process of implementing the design model of the building, which includes the choice of assembling form elements and subsystems of the building into a single system. It has been established that the architectural design of modern residential objects is based on the requirements and methods of creation that include: the algorithm of the process of forming the shape of a modern residential building, the interaction of subsystems of a residential building, the selection of the dominant subsystem with its reflection on the external form of the building, the type of basic form, the characteristic methods of forming the shape of a modern residential building, the compositional interaction between the elements of the architectural form of a modern residential building. The article pays attention to the modern theory of architectural space. The authors outline the ways of system improvement of modern residential buildings in the future. The impact of the latest technologies on the main parameters of modern residential objects has been revealed. Four directions of development of modern residential buildings and complexes in the urban environment in the future have been identified. These directions are related to the application of innovative technologies, new building materials, functional intensification of the infrastructure of the residential environment, creation of multifunctional residential objects, development of large-scale characteristics of buildings, use of natural components in the architectural design of modern residential objects. Prospective techniques for improving the formation of local residential units are defined. Keywords: architecture, modern housing, formation, infrastructure, new technologies, 3-D printing, urban environment.

A Multi-Story Reinforced Concrete Structure's Physical and Geometric Nonlinear Evaluation Based on Open Sees Seismic Analysis in Architectural Engineering Building Design

A Multi-Story Reinforced Concrete Structure's Physical and Geometric Nonlinear Evaluation Based on Open Sees Seismic Analysis in Architectural Engineering Building Design

Evaluation of the load-bearing wall design of Edirne Old Harbiye Barracks according to the Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBEC-2018)

The masonry construction system consists of stone, brick, and mortar, in which the wall element acts as the vertical load load-bearing and generally allows low-rise buildings. The buildings built with this system are mostly seen in rural areas today, but also in traditional and historical textures in city centers. Stone, brick, mortar, etc. used in the masonry construction system. The materials are materials with a low stretching rate but are resistant to pressure. In this case, against the driving force of a possible horizontal load source, the bearing walls will inevitably be damaged because they do not allow sufficient oscillation. In Türkiye, earthquake-resistant building design principles and calculation methods related to the behavior of masonry structures against earthquakes are guiding at this point. Inspecting the masonry structures planned and built in the past in terms of compliance with today's conditions and regulations is important for the sustainability of the structure. Making a building that has a negative profile in terms of compliance with the masonry construction rules is important for both the structure and the health of the user. In this study, the compliance of the load-bearing walls in the architectural design of the old Harbiye Barracks building, which is currently used by the Faculty of Architecture of Trakya University, to the rules regarding the wall design in the current regulation, Türkiye Building Earthquake Code 2018, is investigated. As a result of the study, it was seen that the building showed different suitability in different blocks. While the occupancy-to-space ratio of the b block on the bearing wall is better, it has been determined that the block does not fully comply with the rules.

Role of neighbourhood spatial and energy design in reducing energy vulnerability during power disruption

This research discusses the role of neighbourhoods' design in reducing their energy vulnerability during power disruptions. Neighbourhoods’ design includes building types and their role and function, as well as land use and spatial design of the neighbourhood. The architectural design and energy characteristics of specific buildings are analysed to assess their potential to act as local shelters in case of evacuations, and available renewable and alternative energy sources to supply energy during power outage. The neighbourhoods considered in this study are designed according to sustainable practices while reflecting North American practice of urban developments. Several response scenarios are designed and analysed to account for the duration of disruptions, scenarios of evacuations, and type of temporary shelters. The role of neighbourhood design is highlighted under each of these scenarios, and recommendations on practices to enhance resilience are discussed. Building such as schools with shelter energy intensity of 9.5 kWh can be prioritized during the evacuations in power outages. By modifying standard design guidelines for shelters of 5.6 m2/person to 4 m2/person, the shelter to population ratio can be significantly increased (i.e., by 77%–80%) supporting community resilience. The relevance of proximity of shelter building to residential areas as well as role of landscape for additional energy system installation are also discussed in this work.

Investigation of the Effect of the Wind Speed on the Aerodynamic and Architectural Design of Tall Buildings

The magnitude, speed, direction, and distribution of the wind are known to have a negative impact on high-rise buildings, particularly when the building is extremely tall. As the height of the building increases, the effect of the wind increases significantly. This results in a high wind pressure exerted on the building which causes the wind loads subjected by the buildings to increase considerably. Thus, this study investigates the wind effect on tall buildings and proposes a solution to reduce the aerodynamic drag through a design that meets both architectural and aerodynamic considerations. Investigation of wind effect on tall buildings with different wind speeds, heights and shapes is carried out. Numerical methods are utilized to study the wind pressure, drag coefficient and pressure distribution on different types of buildings. ANSYS Fluent is used for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to assess the drag coefficient of the buildings. The drag coefficient of the building is determined in Reynold’s number range of 1×106 to 2×106. The study is conducted in low subsonic speed (Ma < 0.3). The result shows that the drag coefficient of the building tends to be constant at low subsonic speeds. Besides, the study found that the drag coefficient increases by 1% to 3% for every 0.1 m increment in the height of the building. The study also found that a cylindrical building has the lowest drag coefficient because of its more streamlined shape. Overall, this study provided guidance and recommendations for wind resistance which can be taken into consideration when designing tall buildings. Hence, the building can be built even taller while maintaining its rigidity and stability.

Reducing heat gain in buildings by artificially lowering the outside air temperature through evaporative cooling

Introduction. Systems for microclimate regulation in buildings consume a large amount of natural energy resources. Statistics show that 40 % of energy is used for heating, ventilation and air conditioning. This problem is directly related to the heating and cooling load of the building, i.e. it depends on the thermal engineering characteristics of building envelopes and the thermal protection of the building.&#x0D; &#x0D; Materials and methods. To reduce the consumption of energy resources, the most common method is the thermal insulation of enclosing structures, increasing the thermal resistance of enclosing structures, which is a complicated thermal engineering problem. An alternative new method of reducing heat gain into buildings through evaporative cooling of outside air which leads to reduction of cooling load of building and subsequently influences the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is considered. For this purpose, a spray irrigation system is installed on the southern wall of the building to lower the conditional boundary layer temperature which is formed as a result of solar radiation.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results. The suggested method passively reduces the boundary layer temperature, which tends to the temperature of the wet-bulb thermometer, as a result, the heat influx into the building is reduced, which leads to a lower cooling load and increases the energy efficiency of the system.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusions. Green architecture and zero-energy building design are relevant and important at the present time. World statistics show that 14 % of all potable water is used in buildings, in order to use potable water economically the proposed system installs a rainwater accumulation tank for outdoor irrigation. A comparative analysis showed that by cooling evaporation and artificially lowering the outside air temperature, the cooling load of the building is reduced by 20 %, which results in a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

Reconstruction Design of Taicang Traditional Dwellings Based on Cultural Inheritance

Under the social background of urban-rural relationship reconstruction, the hollowing out of traditional villages is developing rapidly, which makes the traditional residential buildings in China uninhabited and unrepaired due to the influence of economic and cultural factors. The rural revitalization strategy provides inspiration for the architectural design of traditional residential buildings, that is, focusing on cultural heritage and making traditional residential buildings modern. Effective protection of the traditional features of traditional houses is the most basic criterion for the protection planning of famous historical and cultural villages. If only the space protection planning is carried out, and the development of villages based on houses cannot be fully considered, it will undoubtedly cause great damage to traditional villages. This paper discusses and studies how to do the activation and reuse project of Taicang traditional dwellings sustainably from the commercial point of view, so that the transformed object can regain its vitality and vitality, and can further carry out a virtuous circle as a commercial project stably and healthily in the later period, providing new social and commercial values to the surrounding environment, community and local residents.

The design solution of the hotel in Sochi, taking into account the seismic hazard of the area

The article provides an analysis of the experience of building construction in earth-quake-prone areas. The analysis of analogues of hotel complexes built in areas with high seismic activity in different countries is carried out. The features of spatial planning, architec-tural and structural solutions of buildings, the choice of structural material, and the nodes of their connections are revealed. The article contains an analysis of the features of the urban planning situation in the city of Sochi and the relief of the construction site, as well as accept-ed design proposals for the spatial planning and architectural design of the hotel complex building. A part of the antiseismic measures used in the design of a hotel in a seismic active area in the city of Sochi is presented. During the development of the project, calculations were performed for the strength, reliability and durability of the building structures, the stages of construction and others that meet the requirements of current standards. The resultsof the calculations performed showed the reliability of the operation of the building and its struc-tures. The constructive decisions taken are clearly illustrated. It is shown due to which con-structive measures the reliability of the building operation has been achieved.

A Study on Daylight Performance Evaluation in Primary School Classrooms

From the early beginning of construction in history, priority of using daylight has played an active role in the settlement decision, building shape and façade design. Today, the necessity of conscious consumption has become an accepted fact due to the depletion of energy resources. For this reason, the effective use of daylight and reducing lighting energy consumption have become one of the most important goals of today's architecture. &#x0D; The purpose of the natural lighting system is providing sufficient daylight to the target area, considering the visual comfort conditions. Nowadays, for the architectural design of buildings, the use of passive systems is primarily preferred in terms of energy efficiency. The use of natural lighting as a passive system, minimizing building lighting energy requirements and creating the desired visual environment should be prioritized in terms of providing visual comfort. In educational buildings, it is vital to design a lighting system in which daylight is used effectively in order to meet the visual needs of the instructors and students and to minimize the usage of lighting energy. Within the scope of the TS EN 17037 standard, which was developed for daylight assessment in buildings and approved by CEN on 29.07.2018 and lastly updated on 02.03.2022, the criteria for daylight assessment is handled under 4 headings: daylight provision, view out, exposure to sunlight and protection from glare. For each criteria specified in indoor daylight assessment, three grades are defined as 'minimum, medium and high'.&#x0D; In this study, the criterion of providing daylight in educational buildings was examined in accordance with the TS EN 17037 standard. With the study, it is aimed to develop an approach to determine the optimum values ​​of the parameters of direction, obstacle presence and transparency ratio in the context of providing sufficient daylight in the primary classroom design. Investigated building type is the primary school building classroom, which was created in optimum dimensions according to the characteristics of primary education classrooms defined in the ‘Educational Buildings Minimum Design Standards Guide’ published by the Ministry of National Education. It is aimed to evaluate and develop the criteria given in the ‘Educational Buildings Minimum Design Standards Guide’ according to the TS EN 17037 standard, which defines daylight performance in Turkey. The classroom model discussed within the scope of the study has been modeled with the Rhino program according to the alternative transparency rates and obstacle situations; In the simulation, the Climate Studio plugin, which was developed for the calculation of dynamic evaluation parameters, was used. The area handled by using evaluation methods according to the 17037 standard included in the software was evaluated in terms of annual daylight performance. The availability of target illuminance levels in half of the daylight hours throughout the year was calculated using the daylight autonomy method, and the climatic data of the province of Istanbul were used as a representative in the calculations. The results obtained were evaluated according to the TS EN 17037 Daylight Standard, and the scenarios created were classified as 'minimum, medium and high' according to the availability of daylight. According to this classification, optimum transparency ratio, window direction and obstacle conditions conditions for the city of Istanbul in primary school classroom design are discussed. The optimal transparency ratios for each aspect are discussed. The minimum transparency ratio values ​​given in the ‘Educational Buildings Minimum Design Standards Guide’ were compared with the optimum transparency ratios obtained.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Daylight Performance, TS EN 17037, Primary school classrooms, Window Design

Code of Conduct in Disaster Response Urban and Architectural Planning Perspective in İstanbul

İstanbul is considered one of the most vulnerable metropolitan areas for natural disasters, especially earthquakes. Although, it has taken advanced steps in disaster preparedness and early warning, it still faces many problems related to urban planning, and architectural design of buildings, due to the absence of clear and specific planning control system and design requirements for disaster. From the perspective of urban planning, this study investigates the dominant features shaping the urban planning elements in İstanbul, while focusing on the main factors creating the current situation. In addition, this study focuses on analyzing both the current applications and future strategies, like urban transformation projects, which are being implemented to mitigate the effects of the future disasters. For this purpose, some key parameters such as high population density in some districts, building heights and road width ratios, the close-interference between industrial and residential areas, as well as public and private buildings life cycle are investigated. Moreover, standardization of urban transformation implementations is evaluated. In the study, a mixed analytical method (qualitative and quantitative) is used, including statistics and surveys, to collect and analyze data from different resources. Then a comparative approach is applied to conclude the results. Five case studies; namely main Esenler bus station, and urban planning of Fatih, İkitelli, Zeytinburnu and Başakşehir districts, are presented as pilot projects for better understanding their conditions and generalize the results over the city. The problems in the selected samples lay in the difficulty of evacuating and rescuing the people during and after disasters. The results seek to propose amendments to the existing planning status of the existing areas, as well as to suggest new conditions for future urban planning.

Influence of poor Architectural design of old government public buildings on Coronavirus spreading risks in Egypt

Influence of poor Architectural design of old government public buildings on Coronavirus spreading risks in Egypt