Archachatina Marginata Research Articles

Feeding snails (Archachatina marginata) with leaves: growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, proximate composition and minerals contents of snail meat

Feeding snails (Archachatina marginata) with leaves: growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, proximate composition and minerals contents of snail meat

Trade and socioeconomic importance of an invasive giant snail in the endemic-rich island of São Tomé, Central Africa.

Managing invasive species is crucial to mitigate their negative impacts on ecosystems, yet conflicts may arise when their social benefits are disregarded. Human pressure on the endemic-rich forests of São Tomé has been high since the island was discovered by the Portuguese in the 15th century, and numerous species have been introduced. These include the invasive West African giant land snail (Archachatina marginata), which was introduced in the mid-20th century, is now widespread on the island, and is a potential threat to native flora and fauna. We assessed the frequency of consumption of this species and its socioeconomic importance to people across the island with household questionnaires, focus group discussions, and semistructured interviews. We explored the prevalence and potential drivers of use (e.g., wealth, household composition, and diversity of occupations) and characterized the commodity chain to identify demographic groups linked to the snail trade. We interviewed 672 people (1 person per household), conducted 6 focus groups, and interviewed 80 key actors belonging to 5 subcategories. The snail was the most widely consumed bushmeat and an important source of income, particularly for women and unemployed youth. Insecure and scarce livelihood alternatives, mostly in rural areas, were reported as drivers for trade involvement. Snail harvesting was more frequent in poorer households with low occupational diversity. Selling tended to occur in households that were well-established in the community and had a higher proportion of children. Both were stimulated by the proximity of communities to the native forest. Buying snails was common in all demographic groups, but it was linked to wealth and occupational diversity. Interventions to manage the impact of this introduced species on the valuable ecosystems of the island should involve multiple sectors of society to ensure societal support. This requires robust consideration of the welfare of vulnerable demographic groups that benefit from the species.

Eco-friendly synthesis and antibacterial potential of chitosan crosslinked-EDTA silver nanocomposite (CCESN)

This study presents a novel and eco-friendly approach for synthesizing silver nanocomposite at room temperature. The method utilizes chitosan derived from snail (Archachatina marginata) shell waste crosslinked with EDTA as a combined reducing and capping agent. The existence of silver nanoparticles in the composite was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TEM, SEM, XRD, and analyses revealed that the silver nanoparticle has a face-centered cubic structure with an average size of 45.30 nm respectively. EDX and EDXRF showed characteristic silver peaks confirming the formation of silver nanoparticles in the composite while TGA indicated that silver nanoparticles contributed to good thermal stability of the composite. The formation of silver nanoparticles was indicated by a brown color transformation and an ultraviolet visible (UV Vis) absorption peak at 435 nm. The synthesized nanocomposite demonstrated promising antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus saprophyticus DSM 18669 and Escherichia coli O157 strains, with S. saprophyticus showing higher susceptibility. This highlights the potential of chitosan-EDTA silver nanocomposites as alternative antimicrobial agents.

Amino Acid Profile and Mineral Content Variations in Gastropod Species (Archachatina marginata, Achatina achatina, Tympanotanus fuscatus, and Pachymelania aurita): Implications for Dietary Enrichment

The global population surge increases the demand for daily protein requirements, emphasizing the need for cost-effective and readily available protein sources. The study investigated the amino acid, proximate, and mineral compositions of meat powders from four gastropod species (Archachatina marginata, Achatina achatina, Tympanotanus fuscatus, and Pachymelania aurita) procured from Offiong Market in Essien Udim Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The samples were removed from their shells, and washed with deionized water and dilute acid. The meats were then dried at 65 – 70°C for 24 hours, ground into fine powder, and sieved to achieve uniformity in particle size. Amino acid, proximate, and mineral analyses were conducted. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in amino acid, proximate, and mineral compositions among the meat powders of the studied gastropod species. Most essential amino acids such as Leucine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine, methionine, lysine, and valine were present. Proximate analysis revealed high protein and carbohydrate, and low fat and fibre contents among the gastropod species. Mineral analysis indicated high levels of Ca, P, Mg, K, and N, while Zn and Fe were significantly low across all species. The high protein and low fat and fiber contents suggest that gastropod meat powder could be used as additives for food fortification to meet the global demand for protein.

Comparative reproduction performance of Giant African Land Snail (Archachatina marginata) fed with the leguminous plant Leucaena leucocephala

The study was carried out between July and October 2022 at the sub–station of the Faculty of Agriculture Research and Teaching farm to assess the reproductive performance of Archachatina marginata fed the leguminous Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal as feed additive. 208 adult snails were randomly partitioned into 4 treatments and 4 repetitions of 13 comparable snails (weight and size). The treatment T0 (control) received only the experimental diet as described while three other treatments received not only diet but, L. leucocephala leaf meal at 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% for a period of 12 weeks. In each treatment, every morning, the substrate of each breeding bucket was stirred entirely and minutely to collect the eggs to determine the laying and morphometric characteristics of the eggs. The eggs were then placed 10 cm deep in loose soil substrates until hatching to evaluate the characteristics of the fecundity. The unhatched eggs were opened, and the state of embryonic development observed to determine early embryonic mortality rate and late embryonic mortality. At the end of the experiment, animals of each replicate were sacrificed; the hemolymph was collected determine the total cholesterol and protein. The results showed that the characteristics of reproduction were affected with graded level of L. leucocephala. The highest number of eggs laid (17.29 ± 13.44) and the number of clutches (268.91) was recorded in animals receiving 0.5% and 0.75% L. leucocephala in the diet respectively while the highest value of fecundation rate (95.50 ± 8.80), hatch rate (94.55 ± 9.36), and hatchability (98.99 ± 3.15) was registered in the treatment that received 0.75%. The highest value of total protein and cholesterol was recorded in the same treatment. In conclusion 0.75% of L. leucocephala can be added in the diet of adult snail to increase its reproductive performance.

GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND LIPID PROFILE OF ARCHACHATINA MARGINATA (GIANT AFRICAN LAND SNAIL) FED VARYING LEVELS OF RIPE EGGPLANT FRUITS BASED DIETS

The performance of African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata) fed ripe eggplant fruits was studied using eighty-four (84) juvenile (four months old) Archachatina marginata for eight (8) weeks. The study evaluated the snails' growth performance and lipid profile (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides). The snails were divided into four treatment groups, with twenty-one (21) snails per group in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 had varying levels of ripe eggplant fruits at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% inclusion levels respectively. Isocaloric and isonitrogenous feeds and water were provided ad libitum, while other management practices were strictly adhered to. The results showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance across treatments. The results also revealed that total cholesterol decreased (P<0.05) significantly as the levels of ripe eggplant fruits increased across treatments. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, while high-density lipoprotein differed (P<0.05) significantly across treatments. The result also showed a linear increase in high-density lipoprotein ("good" cholesterol) as the levels of ripe eggplant fruits increased across treatments. Therefore, a 15% inclusion level of ripe eggplant fruits in the diet of Archachatina marginata reduces total cholesterol levels and increases high-density lipoprotein without any adverse effect on growth. The study recommends using ripe eggplant fruits to formulate diets for animals with high cholesterol content and high levels of low-density lipoprotein in their meat.

Growth performance of juvenile snail (Archachatina marginata) fed different plant leaves

To assess the growth performance of juvenile snail (Archachatina marginata) fed different plant leaves, 180 juvenile snails of one month old were divided into 4 treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4), of 15 snails and 3 replicates in pens equipped with feeders and drinkers. T1 received pawpaw leaves, T2 received cassava leaves, T3 received sweet potato leaves and T4 received blood root leaves. Feed and fresh leaves were measured and served daily, and the leftover also quantified, using an electronic weighing scale (0.01 g precision) to evaluate the feed intake. The results showed that the highest value of feed intake was recorded in animals that received blood root leaves, while the lowest value is registered in the treatment receiving pawpaw leaves. The highest value of leave intake was recorded in the treatment that received pawpaw leaves. The highest values for weight shell length, shell diameter, shell lip width, shell lip height and carcass characteristics of Archachatina marginata fed with different plant leaves were recorded for snails fed with blood root leaves. The lowest value of triglycerides (1.44±0.5) and total cholesterol (4.11±2.66) in the hemolymph was registered in animals receiving blood root leaves compared to other treatments. The lowest value of total protein (26.44±3.28) in the hemolymph was registered in the treatment receiving blood root leaves compared to the treatment that received pawpaw, cassava, and sweet potatoes leaves. In conclusion, blood root leaves can be used as staple diet to improve the productivity of Archachatina marginata.

TOXICITY OF LITHIUM BATTERY WASTE ON SELECTED INVERTEBRATES

Electronic waste poses a major menace to ecosystems owing to the toxic properties of materials used for the manufacture of electronic goods. In this present study, the toxicity of lithium battery waste on invertebrates, snails (Archachatina marginata) and earthworms (Apporrectodeal longa) were evaluated using appropriate concentrations of toxicant. The physicochemical and heavy metal analysis of the toxicant was carried out according to the method of APHA (2008). The standard protocol obtained from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the protocol obtained from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) were adopted for the 14-day exposure to varying concentrations of the toxicant (0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) for earthworm and (3.125,6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg) for snail respectively. The pH, Electrical conductivity. Total dissolved solids, Lithium, cadmium and mercury results of the toxicant were (2.6, 13500, 8640, 36.60, 2.03 and 10.48mg/L) respectively. The result also shows an increased in the mortality of test organisms with increase in toxicant concentration. LC50, LOEC, NOEC, TUc and TUa with exposure time for snails and earthworms were (1.05, 0.86,0.77,94.88, 129.87 mg/kg) and (0.68, 0.41,0.31, 147.06, 322.58.mg/kg), respectively. The study established that the toxicant (lithium battery) is considered a high risk to animals, plants and the environment as it adversely affects soil invertebrates which bring about soil fertility if not properly disposed of.

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles from Archachatina marginata Shell as Potential Solution to Antimicrobial Resistance

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles from Archachatina marginata Shell as Potential Solution to Antimicrobial Resistance

Enhancing Giant African Land Snail (Archachatina marginata) production with Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae) in the south-west region of Cameroon

The study was designed to determine the effect of Thymus vulgaris leaf meal on the production of Archachatina marginata. Two hundred and twenty-four adults’ snails were divided into four treatments of 14 snails and four replicates. Treatment T0 received only the experimental diet while three other treatments received diet with different inclusion level of T. vulgaris leaf meal at 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%. Feed and leave were quantified using an electronic weighing scale daily. The results obtained show that, feed intake was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in animals receiving 0.75% T. vulgaris compared to other treatments. Likewise, the values of heart, pedal mass were higher in animals receiving 0.25% inclusions of T. vulgaris in the diet. Low relative weight variations in the internal organs across treatments were observed but significant differences occurred regarding only the shell weight and ovotestis. The proximate analysis of snail flesh results obtains shows that dry matter was significantly (P < 0.05) highest in animals receiving 0.25% T. vulgaris in the diet. Minerals analyzed were also significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the inclusion of T. vulgaris in the diet. In conclusion, incorporation of T. vulgaris leaf powder at 0.25% can be recommended in the diet of snails.

Assessment of Nutritional Potentials and Economic Significance of Sesame Seed Meal (Sesamum indicum) in the Diet of Growing Snails (Archachatina marginata)

The purpose of this study was to assess the economic effects of replacing the groundnut cake meal portion of the diet with sesame seed meal (SSM) on the performance traits, carcass analysis, and cost benefits of the feeding strategy. One hundred and twenty snails, weighing an average of 175±2.7g, were divided into four dietary regimens at random and reproduced three times. Each replication had ten snails in it, following a completely randomized design. Four diets were formulated to contain SSM at 0% (SSM1) Control, 50% (SSM2), 75% (SSM 3), 100% (SSM 4) as replacement for soybean meal fraction in the diet of growing snails. The diets were formulated to contain about 24% crude protein and energy of 2400 kcal/kgME. Data were collected on Feed intake, weight gain, shell length, thickness and width, Feed conversion ratio and cost per weight gain. The findings indicate that the different inclusion levels of SSM in the diet had a significant impact on the mean total feed intake (P<0.05). The feed intake and mean total weight gain showed similar trends. (P<0.05) was the greatest mean weight gain. The ratio of feed intake to weight gain, or feed conversion ratio (FCR), was essentially constant across all treatments. The diet with the highest level of SSM4 (100%) inclusion had the lowest cost per weight (CPW) gain (N170.61), while the control diet with 0% SSM1 inclusion had the highest CPW gain (N221.88). It is however interesting also to note that as feed intake (kg) increases, CPW (N) gain reduces. The dressing percent (DP) of the snail was significantly influenced by the dietary treatments.

Impact of pesticides exposure on Archachatina marginata snails in four Cameroon monomodal rainforest sites.

Cameroon monomodal rainforest zone has a strong agricultural activity and is therefore exposed to pesticides. Furthermore, the area possesses climatic factors that favor the growth of Achatinadea snails known as African giant snails, a delicacy for the local population. The present study aimed to evaluate pesticides contamination (less vs more exposed areas) through assessment of exposure and impact on Achatinadea snails. Achatinadea snails were collected within intensive agricultural areas (Njombe and Kribi rural) and in areas with less agricultural activity (Ebodje and Dibombari). Collection was performed at night between July and September 2020 using an adapted square kilometer method. Type, number, weight, and size of the collected snails were analyzed and compared using Welsh's One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA). After removing the soft part from the shell, the presence of pesticides was determined using mass spectrometry. Histological analysis of kidney and ovo-testis was performed using eosin-hematoxylin staining. Results showed that the main variety of snails collected are Archachatina marginata. In areas with less agricultural activity, snails are bigger than those from more agricultural areas heavily using pesticides. Furthermore, pesticides detection showed that glyphosate, but not metalaxyl, is present in animals coming from all the collection sites. Cypermethrin was found in all the samples except in those from Dibombari. Histology revealed that the structure of the kidney and ovo-testis of snails from more exposed areas is impaired. In conclusion, this study revealed that some pesticides are transferred to snail and impair the structure of important organs.

Growth performance and reproductive qualities of breeder snails (Archachatina marginata) fed different sources of protein

This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of different protein sources on the growth and reproductive performances of breeder snails, as protein sources are the main requirement for fast growth and development of cells for reproduction. Soya bean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM), and groundnut cake (GNC) were fed to the breeder snails. The snails were eight (8) months old with an initial average weight of 98.93g, and the experiment lasted for 12 weeks. Sixty (60) Archachatina marginata breeder snails were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups of fifteen (15) snails per treatment which were replicated three (3) times in each of the groups. The parameters examined were growth performance, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and reproductive characteristics. Data collected were analyzed by the use of a one-way analysis of variance and significant means were separated with the Duncan Multiple Ranged Test at a 5% level of probability using SAS, 2011 [10]. The study revealed that soya bean meal (SBM) supports higher final body weight, body weight gain, and percentage fertility, while soya bean meal and cottonseed meal had higher percentage hatchability. However, no significant (P>0.05) differences were recorded in the final shell circumference, shell circumference gain, final shell length, and shell length gain. It was concluded that compounded feed with soya bean meal as the main protein source abetted fast growth and better productive performance.

Screening for virulent and antibiotic resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> in raw and ready-to-eat snails (<i>Arachatina marginata</i>) vended in selected markets in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

This aim of this study was to screen for virulent and antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in raw and ready-to-eat snails (Archachatina marginata) vended in selected markets within Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Proximate composition, isolation, identification and presence of virulent genes were done using standard methods. Raw snails from Choba market had Escherichia coli count ranging from 1.8x104 to 8.2x105 CFU/g, while the ready-to-eat samples were not contaminated with E. coli. Raw snails from Rumuokoro market had Escherichia counts ranging from 4.2 x104 to 6.9 x106 CFU/g while two of the ready-to-eat samples had counts of 3.602 x 103 CFU/g and 3.556 x 103 CFU/g. Raw snails from Oyigbo market had Escherichia counts ranging from 4.653 x 103 CFU/g to 5.579 x 103 CFU/g while one ready-to-eat sample had Escherichia. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 100% of Escherichia were resistant to cefuroxime, augmentin, cefixime and ceftazidime. Of the three-virulence genes (eae, ast and aggR) screened for in this study only aggR was detected in one Escherichia isolate. Proper blanching and heating should be employed during preparations of snails to curtail food poisoning.

Virulence genes detection and antibiotic resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in raw and ready-to-eat snails (<i>Arachatina marginata</i>) sold in selected markets in Port Harcourt

This study investigated the presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. in raw and ready-to-eat snails (Archachatina marginata) vended in selected markets within Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Proximate composition, isolation, identification and presence of virulent genes were done using standard methods. Raw snails from Choba had Salmonella counts ranging from 3.32 to 5.04 log10CFU/g. Salmonella was not detected in ready-to-eat samples from Choba. Raw snails from Rumuokoro had Salmonella counts ranging from 4.04 to 6.04 log10CFU/g while three of the ten ready-to-eat samples had counts ranging from 3.53 to 3.63 log10CFU/g. Raw snails from Oyigbo had Salmonella counts ranging from 4.71 to 6.67 log10CFU/g with two of the five ready-to-eat samples having Salmonella counts of 3.69 and 3.51 log10CFU/g. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results showed that all the isolates were resistant to augmentin, cefuroxi and cetazidime. Ten Salmonella representing 5% possessed the antibiotics resistance genes, fliC and invA, but not sefA. The presence of Salmonella in some of the ready-to-eat samples makes it objectionable for human consumption. But more worrisome is that some possess fliC and invA genes and resistant to common antibiotics used for their management. Therefore, proper processing and maintenance of quality of processed snail meat is very essential for public health safety.

Nutritional composition of Smoked Dried Archachatina marginata Meat Processed with NSPRI Smoking Kiln

Nutritional composition of Smoked Dried Archachatina marginata Meat Processed with NSPRI Smoking Kiln

Influence of Diet and Dietary Crude Protein Content on the Reproductive Performance of the Snail Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821)

The pressure to collect snails due to the high demand for their meat has encouraged snail farming. However, snail farming faces a number of problems, including the formulation of a feed that meets the nutritional requirements of snails. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of plant-based diets and three concentrated diets, and then to determine the protein level to be incorporated into a concentrated feed capable of positively influencing the reproductive performance of the Archachatina marginata snail. The study was conducted on 225 Arch. marginata juveniles fed two plant-based diets (R1 and R2) and 3 concentrated meal diets (R3, R4 and R5) with different protein contents (10.5%, 14% and 17.5%) for two years in experimental rearing. The R1 diet consists of Lactuca sativa, Carica papaya, Brassica oleracea, Cecropia peltata, Laportea aestuans and Phaulopsis falcisepala. The R2 diet was obtained by adding Leucena leucocephala leaves to R1. The first eggs were laid at 12 months on the R1 and R2 green forage diets and at 10 months on the R3 concentrate diet. Snails fed concentrated diets R4 and R5 laid their eggs at 9 months. The number of eggs laid per clutch and the average number of eggs per clutch in the animals fed the concentrated diets were statistically higher than those obtained with the vegetable diets (between 0.34 and 0.45 clutches and between 6.10 and 7.46 eggs respectively). The concentrated diets significantly improved the reproductive performance of Arch. marginata compared with the vegetable diets. In addition, reproductive performance was optimal on the R5 diet with the highest protein incorporation rate.

Observations on the biology of Postharmostomum ntowi Hodasi, 1967 (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) based on intermediate and definitive hosts found in Nigeria.

Following the recovery of the metacercariae of a brachylaimid trematode from the rectum of the frog Amnirana galamensis from Ase in Delta State, Nigeria, we investigated the land snails in the locality to establish their roles in the life cycle of the parasite. Of the four land snails investigated from Ase (Limicolaria aurora, Archachatina marginata, A. papyracea, and Thapsia oscitans), and a Limicolaria sp. from Tombia (Bayelsa State), four harboured larval stages of the bracylaimid. Only L. aurora and the Limicolaria sp. harboured cercariogenous sporocysts and are therefore presumed to serve as the first intermediate hosts of the parasite. Metacercariae were recovered from the Limicolaria spp. and the Archachatina spp. and so serve as the second intermediate hosts. No larval brachylaimids were recovered from T. oscitans. Metacercariae from L. aurora and A. papyracea were cultured in vivo in 14 days old chicks of Gallus gallus domesticus. Parasites recovered from the experimental hosts 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-infection, showed progressive development of the parasite with the full maturity attained by the 28th day post-infection. Adult parasites recovered from the experimental birds and from free range chicken purchased from Ase and Tombia showed that the brachylaimid infecting these birds was Postharmostomum ntowi, a parasite previously reported in domestic chicken in Ghana. There is need to investigate the host range of the parasite in Nigeria as this trematode is also known to infect the Guinea fowl in Ghana.

Comparative Studies of Biodegradation of Wastes Using Cellulase from Garden Snails (Limicolaria flammea) and Giant African Snails (Archachatina marginata)

The generation of solid waste is a massive and ever-growing problem that affects the entire world, particularly developing countries. In Africa, waste recycling is not fully embraced and performed; as a result, these waste products are viewed as physical contaminants that can harm the ecosystem, generate pollution, and cause a lot of environmental risks. The use of synthetic compounds in the decomposition of wastes could harm the ecosystem and lead to global warming, thus biocatalysts are a preferred option. Cellulase, a hydrolytic enzyme, could digest cellulose, a main component of solid waste. Garden snail (Limicolaria flammea) and Giant Africa snail (Archachatina marginata) are organisms that feed on dead, decaying and actively growing plants due to their possession of cellulolytic enzyme. Cellulase from the gut of Archachatina marginata haemolymph and Limicolaria flammea had specific activities of 1.15 U/mg and 1.14 U/mg respectively. It also showed high level of degradation. Limicolaria flammea haemolymph showed high activity of 504.11% on soluble starch, 529.39% on kick tree and 993.77% on carton paper. This study suggests that cellulase from both Limicolaria flammea and Archachatina marginata has biodegrading potentials on waste materials. While their effects and the rate of degrading wastes differ, they could both be relevant in waste management especially on kitchen waste.

Actions of Cellulase Isolated from the Hemolymph of Giant African Snail (Archachatina marginata) on Solid Wastes

Solid wastes generation is a ginormous and ever-expanding problem affecting the world, majorly developing countries. This is because the world populace produces million tonnes of municipal solid wastes each day and this number has been projected to triple in the next few years. Drastic increase in wastes especially solid wastes could be directly proportional to increase in pollution and this could pose deleterious effect to mankind in general. Cellulose which is a chief constituent of solid wastes could be degraded by cellulase, a hydrolytic enzyme presents in the genetic make-up of giant African snail. In this study, cellulase was isolated from the hemolymph of Archachatina marginata and partially purified by draining the hemolymph into a sterilized beaker. The drained hemolymph was centrifuged at 4000g for 20 min to obtain a crude fraction of the enzyme. The actions of isolated cellulase on different agricultural and industrial wastes were examined using standard procedure. The enzyme had a specific activity of 1.39U/mg. Biodegradation study showed that the enzyme has highest activities on agricultural and industrial wastes such as; Leaves (approximately 125.32-426.40%), Plastics (2.95-91.14%), Wrappers (21.29-72.65%), Kitchen wastes (3.89-65.71%), Woods (12.34-40.77%) and the lowest activity was recorded on Nylons (3.26-9.64%). The degree of biodegradation of solid wastes signifies that the enzyme could play a key role in efficient, reliable and non-hazardous means of waste management and material recycling.