Arch Oral Biol Research Articles

Poster 254: Mechanical Response of ACL to Submaximal Fatigue Loading

Poster 254: Mechanical Response of ACL to Submaximal Fatigue Loading

THE PREVALENCE OF A SECOND ROOT CANAL IN MANDIBULAR ANTERIOR TEETH VARIES BY GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS

Martins JNR et al. Influence of Demographic Factors on the Prevalence of a Second Root Canal in Mandibular Anterior Teeth - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Arch Oral Biol. 2020 Aug;116:104,749. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104749. No funding was obtained for this research TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Evidence is insufficient to suggest that probiotics may reduce the risk of oral cancer

Wan Mohd Kamaluddin et al. Probiotic inhibits oral carcinogenesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol. 2020 Oct;118:104,855. Doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104855. Epub 2020 Aug 2. The study was funded by International Islamic University Malaysia (P-RIGS18-036-0036). Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Limited quality evidence suggests children and adolescents with down syndrome have lower prevalence of dental caries compared to non-syndromic children

Silva MCPMD, Lyra MCA, Almeida HCR, Alencar Filho AV, Heimer MV, Rosenblatt A. Caries experience in children and adolescents with Down Syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol. 2020 Jul;115:104,715. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104715. Epub 2020 Apr 8. PMID: 32,422,361. The Hungarian Human Resources Development Operational Program, the Higher Education Excellence Program of the Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities to the Therapy Research Module of Semmelweis University, National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungarian Scientific Research Fund and the Economic Development and Innovation Operative Programme Grant. Systematic review with meta-analysis.

PHENOLIC COMPOUND-DERIVED NATURAL ANTIMICROBIALS ARE LESS EFFECTIVE IN DENTAL BIOFILM CONTROL COMPARED TO CHLORHEXIDINE

Efficacy of natural antimicrobials derived from phenolic compounds in the control of biofilm in children and adolescents compared to synthetic antimicrobials: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Martins ML, Ribeiro-Lages MB, Masterson D, Magno MB, Cavalcanti YW, Maia LC, Fonseca-Gonçalves A. Arch Oral Biol 2020;118:104844. Government. This study was financially supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Brazil (CAPES) through the grant number 001. Systematic review with meta-analysis of data.

Children and adolescents with Down syndrome seem to have a lower prevalence of caries experience than those without Down syndrome

Silva MCPMD, Lyra MCA, Almeida HCR, Alencar Filho AV, Heimer MV, Rosenblatt A. Caries experience in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis [published online ahead of print April 8, 2020]. Arch Oral Biol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104715.

Salivary biomarkers of cellular damage and oxidative stress following of lower third molar surgical removal

Salivary biomarkers of cellular damage and oxidative stress following of lower third molar surgical removal

No Clear Evidence for the Effect of Low-Level Laser Treatment on Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption: More Human Clinical Studies Are Needed

Influence of low-level laser therapy on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. A systematic review. Michelogiannakis D, l-Shammery D, Akram Z, Rossouw PE, Javed F, Romanos GE. Arch Oral Biol 2019;100:1-13. The authors reported that this article did not receive any specific grants from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or nonprofit sectors. Systematic review.

Persons With Thalassemia Major May Have Increased Risk of Gingival Inflammation

Periodontal condition of patients with thalassemia major: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Akcalı A, Yıldız MS, Akcalı Z, Huck O, Friedmann A. Arch Oral Biol 2019;102:113-21. Information is not available and the authors state that no specific funding was available for this study. Systematic review with meta-analysis of data.

Active Probiotic Therapeutics May Prevent Oral Candida Infections in the Elderly Population, but the Evidence Is Insufficient

A meta-analysis of randomized trials assessing the effects of probiotic preparations on oral candidiasis in the elderly. Ai R, Wei J, Ma D, Jiang L, Dan H, Zhou Y, Ji N, Zeng X, Chen Q. Arch Oral Biol 2017;83:187-92. Chinese Government Research Foundation Funds. Systematic review with meta-analysis of data.

Investigation of different sodium hypochlorite volumes, concentrations and times of irrigation in endodontic therapy: a systematic review

Investigation of different sodium hypochlorite volumes, concentrations and times of irrigation in endodontic therapy: a systematic review

Methods for In Situ Protein Visualization in Dental Mineralized Tissues.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique based on the specificity of antibody-antigen principle used commonly to detect antigens in tissue sections. The immune labeling can be performed in paraffin sections, cryostat sections, and ultrathin sections and can be observed in light confocal and transmission electron microscopy. However, the use of immunohistochemical techniques for the study of mineralized tissues has been a challenge for decades (Berdal et al., Arch Oral Biol 36:715-725, 1991; Nanci et al., Eur J Histochem 52:201-214, 2008). Specific procedures are necessary when compared with soft tissue immunohistochemistry. This chapter describes methods for IHC on Tissue-Tek O.C.T. compound and paraffin-embedded sections to detect antigens in the dental mineralized tissues.

Active Probiotic Therapeutics may Prevent Oral Candida Infections in the Elderly Population, but the Evidence is Insufficient

A meta-analysis of randomized trials assessing the effects of probiotic preparations on oral candidiasis in the elderly. Ai R, Wei J, Ma D, etal. Arch Oral Biol 2017;83:187-92. Chinese government research foundation funds. Systematic review with meta-analysis of data.

Microgap and Micromotion at the Implant Abutment Interface Cause Marginal Bone Loss Around Dental Implant but More Evidence is Needed

Influences of micro-gap and micromotion of the implant-abutment interface on marginal bone loss around implant neck. Liu Y, Wang J. Arch Oral Biol 2017;83:153-60. This study was financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81570956) and the Bureau of Science and Technology of Wuhan ([2014]160, 2015060101010051) TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN: Comprehensive literature review.

Insufficient Evidence to Support or Refute the Association between Head and Neck Cancer and Marijuana Use

Head and neck cancer among marijuana users: a meta-analysis of matched case-control studies. de Carvalho MFF, Dourado MR, Fernandes IB, Araújo CTP,Mesquita AT, Ramos-Jorge ML. Arch Oral Biol 2015;60(12):1750-5. Information not available Systematic review with meta-analysis of data.

Frequency of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Dental Patients with Tooth Wear

To estimate the frequency of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in dental patients with tooth wear, and to assess the role of dentists in the identification of patients at risk of OSAS. Dental patients with tooth wear and treated with occlusal splint were prospectively recruited to perform sleep study. The severity of tooth wear was established by the treating dentist before patient referral to sleep disorders unit. Sleep questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and validated respiratory polygraphy were performed. All patients with dental wear were offered a sleepiness analysis. Of 31 recruited patients, 30 (77% males) participated in this study. Patients' mean age was 58.5 ± 10.7 years (range: 35-90 years) and the body mass index was 27.9 ± 3.4 kg/m(2). Tooth wear was mild in 13 patients, moderate in 8 and severe in 9. The mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 32.4 ± 24.9. AHI < 5 was reported in 2 patients, AHI of 5-29 in 17, and AHI ≥ 30 in 11. A statistically significant association was found between AHI severity and tooth wear severity (Spearman R = 0.505; p = 0.004). Tooth wear could be a tool to identify those patients at risk of having OSAS. This highlights the importance of dental professionals to identify and refer patients with OSAS.

Dietary Counseling Emphasizing Low-saturated-fat and Low-cholesterol Intake May Influence Salivary Properties

Article Title and Bibliographic Information The effect of dietary intervention on paraffin-stimulated saliva and dental health of children participating in a randomized controlled trial. Laine MA, Tolvanen M, Pienihakkinen K, Soderling E, Niinikoski H, Simell O, Karjalainen S. Arch Oral Biol 2014;59(2):217-25. Reviewer Benjamin W. Chaffee, DDS, MPH, PhD Purpose/Question Does a dietary counseling intervention that stresses low intakes of cholesterol and saturated fat from an early age result in changes in salivary flow rate and buffering capacity? Source of Funding None reported Type of Study/Design Randomized controlled trial Level of Evidence Level 3: Other evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable

Assessing for Dry Mouth in Patients With Orofacial Pain may be Beneficial, but Study Does Not Provide Evidence

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Xerostomia and salivary flow in patients with orofacial pain compared with controls. da Silva LA, Teixeira MJ, de Siqueira JT, de Siqueira SR. Arch Oral Biol 2011;56:1142-7. Reviewer Wenche S. Borgnakke, DDS, MPH, PhD Purpose/Question To investigate whether salivary flow (saliva secretion per minute) and xerostomia (feeling of oral dryness) were related to orofacial pain Source of Funding The Foundation of Research of the State of Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil; Grant # 2009/00350-6 Type of Study/Design Case-control study Level of Evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable

Formation of Caries-Like Lesions in vitro on the Root Surfaces of Human Teeth in Solutions Simulating Plaque Fluid

Lesion formation on root surfaces of human posterior teeth was studied in acetate/lactate buffers with a background electrolyte composition based on plaque fluid analyses. Lesion depth after 28 days at 37°C was measured in relation to: the presence or absence of cementum; the concentration of undissociated buffer; the presence or absence of magnesium ions at plaque fluid concentration. Each factor was evaluated at several values of –log(ion activity product for hydroxyapatite): pI_HA. Solutions were formulated to minimize variation in pH, which varied by ≤0.03 for a given comparison (individual pI_HA) and by 0.42–0.82 over the range of pI_HA within experiments. Lesions on surfaces from which cementum had been ground were significantly deeper than on intact surfaces, but this is considered to be due to subsurface mechanical damage and not to a solubility difference. Neither the concentration of undissociated buffer nor the presence of magnesium ions significantly affected lesion depth. Lesion depth was strongly influenced by the correlated variations in pI_HA and pH. At pI_HA 54 and 55, only extremely shallow lesions formed. From pI_HA 56, lesion depth increased with increasing pI_HA. The results confirm that the solubility of the mineral of root tissues is higher than that of hydroxyapatite, but indicate that it is probably lower than suggested by Hoppenbrouwers et al. [Arch Oral Biol 1987;32:319–322]. For calcium concentrations of 3–12 mM, the critical pH for root tissue mineral was calculated as 5.22–5.66 assuming solubility equivalent to pI_HA 54 and 5.08–5.51 assuming pI_HA 55.

Myths of orthodontic gnathology

D r Beverly McCollum established the Gnathologic Society in 1926. Gnathology is defined as ‘‘the science that treats the biology of the masticatory mechanism as a whole: that is, the morphology, anatomy, histology, physiology, and the therapeutics of the jaws or masticatory system and the teeth as they relate to the health of the whole body, including applicable diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitation procedures.’’ Many gnathologic research endeavors have added much to our knowledge and understanding of the stomatognathic system, particularly those involving chewing (masticatory) kinematics and the early intraoral telemetry studies (to cite only a few). Although originally founded on scientific principles, the application of the valid gnathologic research to clinical practice has moved away from these founding tenets. Modern clinical gnathology (vs university-based gnathologic research) has become, for the most part, a pseudo-science based on mechanistic, perfunctory procedures, and instrumentation. There are many contemporary occlusal institutes that clearly have perverse views on gnathology that are not evidence-based. Dr Lysle Johnston sarcastically stated that ‘‘gnathology is the science of how articulators chew.’’ In the 1970s, Roth formally introduced the classic principles of clinical gnathology to orthodontics (orthodontic gnathology). The notions and considerations of modern orthodontic gnathology are not based on principles of science and do not correspond to contemporary evidence-based thinking. There might not be a unified orthodontic gnathologic view, but it seems that the one established by Roth is by far the most notable.