Arc Welding Operations Research Articles

Design and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Fume Extraction System for a Welding Company in Guyana

The arc welding operation results in harmful fumes being emitted where welders are exposed to dangerous metallic gases and fumes for 6 to 8 hours daily at INFAB welding company in Guyana. This paper presents a design of a fume extraction system, the design incorporates workspace dimensions, volume calculations, duct materials required, framework materials, airflow requirements, and fan selection, guided by a target of 6 air changes per hour (ACH). In addition, the calculated required airflow rate of 58,500 ft³/h ensures the selection of appropriate fans. The design aims to create a safe and healthy welding area for the employees by removing harmful fumes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed to analyse velocity and pressure distribution, offering valuable insights into airflow patterns and pressure variations.

Mathematical modelling for prediction of angular distortion in the MIG welded Aluminium 6101 plates

Metals are commonly joined using the Metal Inert Gas (MIG) which is also known as the Gas Metal Arc (GMA) welding process in the fabrication industries because of their ability to weld an extensive diversity of metals as well as its alloys and composites. It can also get fully automated which makes it appropriate for mass fabrication. In this process, like other arc welding operations, there is a huge amount of heat input into the workpiece due to which there are rapid and non-uniform heating and cooling cycles involved. This results in the thermally generated stresses transverse to the weld due to which angular distortion is very likely to get introduced. The important input parameters which contribute significantly to the angular distortion are found to be voltage (V), torch angle (TA), wire feeding rate (WFR), nozzle-to-plate distance (NPD) and welding speed (WS). In the present work, the analytical method of design of experiments (DoE) is utilized to develop a mathematical model relating these with the angular distortion on the Aluminium 6101 plates. The fitness of the representation is scrutinized using the ANOVA technique. The graphical representation of the direct and the interactive consequences of input variables on the angular distortion is evolved by utilizing the response surface methodology (RSM) approach.

Process Simulation and Optimization of Arc Welding Robot Workstation Based on Digital Twin

For the welding cell in the manufacturing process of large excavation motor arm workpieces, a system framework, based on a digital twin welding robot cell, is proposed and constructed in order to optimize the robotic collaboration process of the welding workstation with digital twin technology. For the automated welding cell, combined with the actual robotic welding process, the physical entity was digitally modeled in 3D, and the twin welding robot operating posture process beats and other data were updated in real time, through real-time interactive data drive, to achieve real-time synchronization and faithful mapping of the virtual twin as well as 3D visualization and monitoring of the system. For the robot welding process in the arc welding operation process, a mathematical model of the kinematics of the welding robot was established, and an optimization method for the placement planning of the initial welding position of the robot base was proposed, with the goal of smooth operation of the robot arm joints, which assist in the process simulation verification of the welding process through the virtual twin scenario. The implementation and validation process of welding process optimization, based on this digital twin framework, is introduced with a moving arm robot welding example.

Особенности формирования сварного соединения сплава ВТ14 сваркой трением с перемешиванием с использованием жаропрочного инструмента из сплава ЖС6У

Introduction. The technological process of fabrication products from titanium alloys is often complicated by low quality of welded joints during electric arc or gas-flame welding operations due to high residual stresses and deformations. An example of a successful solution to this problem is the development and implementation of such high-tech processes of metal joining as friction stir welding, which does not refer to the methods of fusion joining. Friction stir welding as an advanced technology is used to obtain joints of “soft” metallic materials, such as aluminum. For “hard” metallic materials, friction stir welding has been limited due to the high demands on welding tools. The aim of this work is investigation of the possibility of using a tool made of the nickel-based heat-resistant alloy ZhS6U in friction stir welding of the titanium alloy Ti-5Al-3Mo-1V. Results and discussion. Optical and scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the structure of the weld is typical of this type of welding, gradient, consisting of a heat-affected zone, thermo-mechanical affected zone and a stir zone with a fragmented structure. When varying welding parameters, it is shown that the defectiveness of the weld is affected to a greater extent by the axial load on the tool, which is caused by a significant difference in the thermal effect on the material. Metallographic analysis methods revealed dissolution of welding tool material fragments in the stir zone of the non-detachable joint. Fractographic analysis of the fracture surface shows that the fracture in the weld zone is ductile, although in this case there are brittle bridges. Varying the parameters of friction stir welding made it possible to obtain an indissoluble joint with at least 90 % of the strength of the base metal.

Selection of industrial arc welding robot with TOPSIS and Entropy MCDM techniques

Industrial robots have enabled manufacturing firms to produce high-quality products cost-effectively and thus are essential components of advanced manufacturing technologies. Industrial robots are designed for various applications such as welding, painting, assembly, disassembly, pick and place for printed circuit boards, packaging and labelling, palletizing, product inspection, and testing. All the features are accomplished with high endurance, speed and precision. The performance of industrial robots is determined by multiple and conflicting criteria that have to be simultaneously considered in a robust selection procedure. In this study, a simple multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology based on the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is presented to choose an industrial robot for the arc welding operation. The weights of significance are attained with objective preferences using the Entropy weight method. The order of ranking obtained with the TOPSIS-Entropy technique is presented. The results showed that the MCDM approaches for robot selection are quite useful. The novelty of the study lies to prioritize industrial arc welding robots with TOPSIS-Entropy MCDM methods.

Statistical Analyses of the Effects of Welding Processes on Load, Extension and Hardness Properties of Welded Mild Steel Plates

Mild steel plates of thicknesses 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm and 1.0 mm were prepared as test samples. After welding with the developed welding robot and manual electric arc welding machine these test samples were subjected to Tensile Strength and Hardness tests. All data obtained including hardness, load and extension were analyzed and the data produced from electric arc welding operations, the robot welding operations and un-welded plates (control) were compared with one another. The statistical analyses of hardness, load and extension tests for developed welding robot, manual electric arc welding and un-welded (control) mild steel plates of different thicknesses were carried out. The results revealed that for hardness, the developed robot welding has the highest mean value of 115.30, standard deviation value of 14.32 and variance value of 205.06. The descriptive statistics of the load showed that the developed robot welding samples collectively have the lowest mean value of 2,536.85, standard deviation value of 704.21 and variance value of 495,911.72. The descriptive statistics of the extension in which the developed robot welding samples collectively have the lowest mean value of 1.29, standard deviation value of 0.43 and variance value of 0.18 were also determined. The result for hardness showed homogeneity of variance among hardness tests of the samples, which implies variation in the hardness test among the tests of the samples since p-value is 0.038. While the result for loads shows homogeneity of variance among loads of the samples in which the result reveals that there is no variation in the loads among the tests of the samples since p-value is 0.322. The result for extension shows homogeneity of variance among extensions of the samples in which it revealed that there is variation in the extensions among the tests of the samples since p-value is 0.011. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test result revealed that there is a significant difference in the hardness of the samples in which developed robot welding operation gave the highest hardness compared with electric arc welding and un-welded (CONTROL) since p-value is 0.028. The ANOVA test result for load revealed that there is no significant difference in the loads of the samples since p-value is 0.51. The ANOVA test result of the extension shows that there is a significant difference in the extension of the samples in which developed robot welding operation gave the lowest extension compared with electric arc welding and un-welded (CONTROL) since p-value is 0.001. The results of hardness also showed the mean difference of 16.48 between developed robot welding and un-welded (CONTROL) samples and 7.26 between developed robot welding and electric arc welding samples. Finally, for extension the mean difference of -5.28 between developed robot welding and un-welded (CONTROL) samples and -1.22 between developed robot welding and electric arc welding samples were established.

Investigating the Effects of Welding Processes on Tensile Stress and Strain Properties of Welded Mild Steel Plates Using Statistical Analysis

As test samples, mild steel plates with thicknesses of 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, and 1.0 mm were made. After welding these test samples underwent Tensile Stress and strain tests with the Built Welding Robot and Manual Electric Arc Welding Machine. Both data collected from tensile stress and tensile stress were analyzed and the data produced from Electric Arc welding operations, the Robot welding operations and un-welded plates (control) were compared with one another. The analyses of the data obtained from the developed welding robot, manual electric arc welding and un-welded (control) mild steel plates of different thicknesses were carried out for tensile stress and strain. The descriptive statistics, ANOVA analysis, test of homogeneity of Variances and Post Hoc test (Least Significant Differences) were the statistical tools deployed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS version 2016). The results showed that the robot welding sample produced gave the lowest tensile stress while the un-welded samples (CONTROL) gave the highest. The un-welded (CONTROL) samples gave the highest tensile strain values while the lowest was given by the developed robot welding samples. Finally, it was evident from the analyses results that the welding processes have significant impact on the tensile stress and strain properties of the welded mild steel plates and that good welding quality can be achieved more with the developed welding robot.

Effects of B contents on the microstructure and wear resistance of hypereutectic Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloy coating

In this work, the effects of boron (B) content on the microstructure and wear resistance of the hypereutectic Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloy coating were investigated via open-arc welding. First, the phase precipitation of the coatings with different B contents was calculated by ThermoCalc software. The microstructures of the coatings were then observed by metallographic microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The phase composition and structure of the coatings were determined by x-ray diffraction. In addition, the hardness of the coatings and the hard phases in the coatings were determined using a Rockwell hardness tester and a nanoindentation system. Finally, the wear resistances of the coatings with different B contents were measured by the abrasive belt and impact frictional wear methods. The results show that M2B boride can be precipitated before M7C3 carbide in the hypereutectic Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloy coatings when the B content is more than 1.0 wt%. The primary M7C3 carbides in the coatings can be refined by Element B. When the B content in the coating is 1.0 wt%, the average size of the primary M7C3 carbide is refined from 40 to 10 μm. The microhardness of M2B boride is 28.7 GPa, which is significantly higher than that of the primary M7C3 carbide (18.7 GPa). The wear resistance of the coating is highest when the B content is 1.0 wt%. The wear resistance of the coating is not increased further with increasing B content.

Thermomechanical Analysis of Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Process for Predicting Temperature Distribution and Angular Distortion

In present research work, discussions have been made to predict the bead geometries and shape profiles of weldments using statistical regression modeling and fuzzy logic techniques. However, the regression and fuzzy logic modeling techniques do not take into account the actual physical properties and phenomena that occur in welding. Moreover, techniques such as regression and fuzzy logic modeling are not suitable for predicting the transient temperature distribution and distortion of arc welded joints. To predict the transient temperature distributions, peak temperature distribution, and residual deformation in welding, deterministic modeling techniques such as thermomechanical analysis are preferred. However, while performing thermomechanical analysis of welded joints, size and reinforcement dimensions of the weld bead need to be incorporated into the model for accurate prediction of transient temperature distributions and distortions. In this work, circularly spread moving heat source has been used for transient thermal modeling of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process. In the subsequent sections of this article, the weld thermomechanical analyses for TIG square butt joints are discussed to predict the temperature distributions and angular distortion. The weld dimensions such as weld width, weld depression, and weld bulging have shown great influence on the angular distortion patterns. 1. Introduction The present work describes the thermomechanical analysis of an open arc process, i.e., tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of square butt joints by considering the circularly spread moving heat source to predict the angular distortion and thermal profile (Pandey et al. 2016). TIG welding is commonly used for thin sheet joining (Pandey et al. 2018a, 2018b). Generally, for thin sheets, the TIG welding is performed autogenously such that no filler material is required. In some special cases, such as for fillet and groove welding, a filler rod is used in the TIG welding process. The distortion of the TIG weld square butt joints is primarily dependent on the weld width, bead depression, and bulging (Mahapatra et al. 2006). If these factors of weld bead geometries are within tolerable limits, then, the distortion observed in the weld joint is minimum. In TIG weld butt joints, the angular distortion is more prominent because of the presence of upper bead depression and lower bead bulging. Finite element analysis (FEA) simulation of TIG welding is highly effective in predicting the thermomechanical behavior such as temperature distributions and distortions. In this work, numerical and experimental approaches have been applied to predict the thermal profile and angular distortion in a TIG open arc welding process. An Finite element (FE) model has been developed for 3-D analysis of TIG square butt joints for predicting angular distortion based on circularly spread moving heat source and weld geometry.

Investigations on Impact Toughness and Microstructure Characteristics of Gas Metal Arc Welded HY-80 Steel Plate

HY-80 is the high yield steel that commonly used for naval ship and submarine. Arc welding operations are critical stage in fabrication of this steel. During welding, the problem may occur in the heat affected zone due to the high temperature makes the microstructure suddenly changes. Coarse grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) develops close to the fusion line, steel become brittle and the impact toughness decrease. This research investigated the microstructure of HY-80 weldment, impact toughness at sub-zero temperatures, and hardness distribution along cross-section of the welded joint. ER100S welding wire, Ar+10%CO2 shielding gas mixture and single V-groove butt joint with an angle of 60° were selected prior to welding. 12 mm thick of HY-80 steel plate that used in this experiment was multipass welded by gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Impact toughness at sub-zero temperature, hardness and microstructure evolutions of base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal (WM) were observed. The result shows at a temperature of-80 °C, the lowest impact toughness was measured at WM (61 J) as compared to fusion line (101 J) and BM (217 J). The hardness measurement shows the maximum hardness was measured in CGHAZ followed WM and BM. Vickers hardness test result of weld joint at bottom area are higher than top area. It may caused of the low heat input of back weld compared to other passes. The lower heat input, cooling rate increased and initiate the formation of hard phase. The microstructure of WM shows acicular ferrites and non-metallic inclusions, these inclusions may deteriorate the impact toughness.

Characterization of fume particles generated during arc welding with various covered electrodes

Arc welding operations are considered to be risky procedures by generating hazardous welding fume for human health. This study focuses on the key characteristics, as well as dispersion models, of welding fumes within a work zone. Commercial and widely used types of electrodes with various types of covering (rutile, basic, acidic and rutile-cellulose) were used in a series of experiments on arc welding operations, under 100 and 150 amps of electric current. According to the results of this study, maximum levels of pollution with particles of PM10 fraction occur in the workspace during arc welding operations. Disregarding the types of electrodes used, the 3D models of dispersion of the РМ10 particles at the floor plane exhibit corrugated morphologies while also demonstrate high concentrations of the РМ10 particles at distances 0–3 m and 4–5 m from the emission source. The morphology of these particles is represented by solid and hollow spheres, ‘nucleus-shell’ structures, perforated spheres, sharp-edged plates, agglomerates of the tree-like (coral) shape. At last the bifractional mechanism of fume particle formation for this type of electrodes is also shown and described. In this article results are reported, which demonstrate the hazards of the arc welding process for human health. The results of the characterization of WFs reported improve our understanding of risks that these operations pose to human health and may strengthen the need for their control and mitigation.

Wear performance of Fe-Cr-C-B hardfacing coatings: Dry sand/rubber wheel test and ball-on-disc test

Minimizing wear would ensure reduced loss of material, labor and time for numerous branches of industry. Hardfacing coating method is a promising application to overcome this loss. The purpose of the the hardfacing application is to support, repair or improve the surface that is susceptible to abrasion by forming hard phases. The present study was aimed to investigate the wear resistance of iron-based hardfacing coatings which were produced with Fe-Cr-C-B and Fe-Cr-C based filler wires, according to ball-on-disc and dry sand rubber wheel wear tests. During the open arc welding process powder compositions of 100% FeB and 40% FeB + 60% FeCr were transferred to the weld pool, in order to enrich the coating with boron and chromium. Increased FeB content ensured the formation of boride phases such as Fe2B, CrB2, B6Fe23, Cr5B3. Minimum wear loss was obtained in a sample which was coated with Fe-Cr-C-B based filler wire reinforced with 40% FeB + 60% FeCr powder. Formation of massive carbide/boride phases and a tough matrix protected by the high amount of secondary carbides increased the wear resistance. The outcomes showed that the wear resistance is not only correlated with hardness but also affected by the morphology of microstructural constituents.

Parametric modeling and optimization of novel water-cooled advanced submerged arc welding process

In this research, a novel water-cooled torch is developed for continuous advanced submerged arc welding (ASAW) operation to enhance metal deposition rate at reduced heat input. Initially, the power saving and metal deposition rate attained by use of the developed torch in ASAW have been compared with submerged arc welding to demonstrate the better efficiency of the developed torch. Then, an experimental investigation has been performed based on central composite design of response surface methodology to study the effect of process parameters, viz., welding voltage, wire feed rate, welding speed, nozzle to plate distance, and preheat current on ASAW characteristics, namely, flux consumption, metal deposition rate, and heat input. The relationships between process parameters and response parameters have been established. Finally, the Jaya algorithm technique has been used for multi-objective optimization of process parameters to achieve better welding performance.

Reduction of power consumption during arc welding operation

The work is devoted to energy saving during arc manual welding operations. Power sources for arc manual welding are rectifiers with slow or steeply falling current-voltage characteristics. The paper considers two ways of energy saving during arc welding operations. The first way is to increase the efficiency of welding by replacing the ballast rheostat with a special electronic device that regulates the welding current instead of the ballast rheostat. The second way is to increase the efficiency of the welding equipment by replacing a traditional one-bridge rectifier with the two-bridge economical rectifier. An approximate calculation of the annual economic effect from the replacement of a ballast rheostat by the electronic regulating device is given on the example of welding operations in a typical assembly shop.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ НА СТРУКТУРУ И ИЗНОСОСТОЙКОСТЬ СТАЛЕЙ ПЕРЛИТНОГО КЛАССА

From the ecological point of view, high-manganese austenitic steels of 110G13L type are undesirable in the production because of the high emission of manganese oxides to the atmosphere while melting in the electric arc furnaces, gas-oxygen cutting, and welding operations. Another disadvantage of steels of this class is their low initial hardness, which causes the revet closing capacity of the working parts of castings under the conditions of dynamic loads. Moreover, these steels are poorly machinable. The paper presents the results of the comparative study of the relationship between the structure formed in the process of heat treatment and the abrasive wear resistance of steels of two structural classes - high-manganese austenitic 110G13L steel and the 70H2GSML perlite-class steel. The wide use of 110G13L steel for the production of parts operating under the impact-abrasive wear and the repetitive contact-impact force is caused by the ability for high friction hardening of stable manganese austenite with low energy of packaging defects combined with the good impact strength. The disadvantages of 110G13L steel are the high quenching temperature, poor environmental performance and economic reasons that make it necessary in some cases to replace it with the perlite steels. The study of wear resistance of 70H2GSML perlite-class steel depending on the tempering temperature after normalization showed that this steel could be used for the casting of replaceable cast parts for crushing-milling equipment operating under the abrasive action without significant impact loads after normalization and high tempering. The wear resistance of samples made of 70H2GSML steel with the secondary sorbite structure, when testing steady abrasive, makes 55-60 % of level provided by samples of 110G13L steel, however, the lower cost, manufacturability and the environmental problems in some cases can settle the issue in favor of the application of perlite steel. The additional reserves to increase the wear resistance of 70H2GSML steel involve the quenching at high temperatures due to the formation of the structure of retained austenite that, in the process of abrasive wear, transforms into deformation martensite on the working surface increasing the steel’s friction hardening ability.

Investigating effects of resistance wire heating on AISI 1023 weldment characteristics during ASAW

ABSTRACTIn this article, effects of advanced submerged arc welding process parameters on weld bead geometry have been investigated. A novel water-cooled torch has been developed which allow a use of higher preheat current values for a continuous advanced submerged arc welding (ASAW) operation. Weld beads have been deposited on AISI 1023 steel plates by varying open circuit voltage, wire feed rate, welding speed, nozzle to plate distance, and preheat current as per central composite design. The relationships between welding parameters and weldment characteristics namely bead width, penetration, reinforcement, and dilution have been developed using multiple linear regression. The effects of individual process parameters and their interactions on response parameters were examined. Finally, single and multiobjective optimization of process parameters were performed using desirability approach and Jaya algorithm. The results reveal that a smaller bead width and lower dilution can be achieved with the developed torch by allowing the use of higher preheat current values.

Blue-Light Hazard From Gas Metal Arc Welding of Aluminum Alloys.

The objective was to quantify the blue-light hazard from gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of aluminum alloys. The exposure level is expected to depend on the welding conditions. Therefore, it is important to identify the blue-light hazard under various welding conditions. We experimentally conducted GMAW of aluminum alloys under various welding conditions and measured the spectral radiance of the arcs. The effective blue-light radiance, which the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists has defined to quantify the exposure level of blue light, was calculated from the measured spectral radiance. The maximum acceptable exposure duration per 10000 s for this effective blue-light radiance was calculated. The effective blue-light radiance measured in this study was in the range of 2.9-20.0 W cm-2·sr. The corresponding maximum acceptable exposure duration per 10000 s was only 5.0-34 s, so it is hazardous to view the welding arc. The effective blue-light radiance was higher at higher welding currents than at lower welding currents, when pulsed welding currents were used rather than steady welding currents, and when magnesium was included in the welding materials. It is very hazardous to view the arcs in GMAW of aluminum alloys. Welders and their helpers should use appropriate eye protection in arc-welding operations. They should also avoid direct light exposure when starting an arc-welding operation.

Extension of the double-ellipsoidal heat source model to narrow-groove and keyhole weld configurations

The double-ellipsoidal heat power density model proposed by Goldak, has been widely used as the basis for modelling heat transfer in arc welding operations for more than thirty years. This approach has proved to be extremely effective for a wide range of arc welding operations. However, the application of a double-ellipsoidal heat power density distribution is less appropriate for keyhole-laser or electron-beam welding operations, or in situations where arc welding takes place within deep narrow grooves. In this paper the double-ellipsoidal distribution is extended to a double-ellipsoidal-conical heat power density model in order to accurately describe transient temperature fields for a wider range of geometries and welding processes. The new extended model was validated through comparing predicted welding thermal cycles with those measured for a single pass electron beam weld, as well as those measured in a multi-pass narrow groove gas-tungsten-arc weld. In both cases, excellent agreement was obtained between predicted and measured thermal transients.

Estimation of heat flux parameters during static gas tungsten arc welding spot under argon shielding

A multi-physics modelling of a static Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) operation has been established in order to estimate the heat flux exchanged between the arc plasma and the work-piece. The heat flux was described with a Gaussian function where two parameters required to be estimated: process efficiency and radial distribution. An inverse heat transfer problem (ihtp) has been developed in the aim to estimate these parameters from experimental data. Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used as the regularization method in addition to an iterative process. The experiment consisted in a static spot weld with GTAW process. The weld spot was on for 5 s under Argon shielding gas, 2.4 mm pure tungsten electrode on a SS304L disc. Temperatures were measured with thermocouples and weld pool growth monitored with a high speed camera. The experimental data were used to solve the ihtp what led to values such as 0.7 for process efficiency and average radial distribution of 1.8 mm.

Effect of nitrogen alloying on the microstructure and abrasive impact wear resistance of Fe-Cr-C-Ti-Nb hardfacing alloy

Abstract The effect of nitrogen additive on the microstructure and abrasive impact wear resistance of high chromium Fe-Cr-C-Ti-Nb hardfacing alloy, which developed by an open arc welding technique was investigated in this work. The phase structure and microstructures of the hardfacing alloys were studied by means of optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Moreover, the hardness of carbides in the hardfacing alloy was measured by nanoindentation test, and abrasive impact wear resistance was determined. Besides, the influence of variables on the wear behavior was investigated. The results show that, the high chromium Fe-Cr-C-Ti-Nb hardfacing alloys with different nitrogen additive mainly consist of primary (Cr, Fe)7C3 carbides, eutectic matrix and (Ti, Nb)(C, N) precipitates. With increase of nitrogen content in high chromium Fe-Cr-C-Ti-Nb hardfacing alloy, the primary carbides can be refined obviously. Meanwhile, the hardness of (Cr, Fe)7C3 is increased slightly from 18.7 GPa to 21.3 GPa, and that of (Ti, Nb)(C, N) is from 27.0 GPa to 27.6 GPa. Moreover, the volume loss of hardfacing alloys is decreased from 72 mm3 to 39 mm3. During abrasive impact wear test, the large primary carbides in the hardfacing alloy without nitrogen additive are fractured and spalled from the matrix, its abrasive impact wear resistance is low. While, the refined (Cr, Fe)7C3 carbides in the hardfacing alloy with nitrogen additive can be bended during the wear test, which increase its abrasive impact wear resistance. The lattice disregistry between (Ti, Nb)(C, N) and (Cr, Fe)7C3 is 6.15%, which indicates that (Ti, Nb)(C, N) can serve as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the primary (Cr, Fe)7C3 carbides. So that, the large primary (Cr, Fe)7C3 are refined and the abrasive impact wear resistance is improved. In addition, it is found that the volume loss of HC2N is increased with the increase of hardness, size, velocity and impact angle of the abrasive particles.