Arc Pattern Research Articles

Characterization of Breakdown Arcs Induced by Venting Particles Generated by Thermal Runaway of Large-Capacity Ternary Lithium-Ion Batteries

In recent years, with the continuous growth in power demand, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become an indispensable component of various electronic devices, transportation vehicles, and energy systems. The safety performance of LIBs is one of the most significant issues facing their continued development. In battery systems, the presence of arcs constitutes a significant safety hazard that necessitates attention; the thermal runaway (TR) of LIBs releases a large quantity of particles with elevated temperature and high velocity, probably resulting in arc failures. Changes in the insulation structure inside battery packs and the accumulation of particulate matter resulting from the TR of battery cells are potential causes of arc-induced disasters. In this study, we utilized fully charged 71 Ah ternary LIB Li (Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1) O2 (NCM811) pouch cell samples and collected the vented particles in an inert atmosphere after TR. All the settled particles were classified into six groups; by conducting experiments with different particle sizes, electrode spacings, and circuit loads, the patterns of the particle-induced arcs were understood. The results indicate that as the particle size increases, the critical breakdown voltage decreases. Regarding electrode spacing and circuit load resistance, larger values require higher critical breakdown voltages. The research results provide valuable guidance for the electrical protection and safety design of battery systems.

Characteristics of Dioritic Intrusion at Kaligono Area, Kulon Progo Mountains, Indonesia: A Preliminary Study for Petrogenesis Implications

Abstract This study defines the characteristics of dioritic rock intrusion in the Kaligono area, Kulonprogo Mountains, Indonesia. Previous studies suggest the existence of porphyry deposit system in the mentioned area, hosted by the dioritic intrusion. According to the Geologic Map of Yogyakarta Quadrangle, age of the dioritic intrusion is the Miocene. Study of the intrusion characteristics is very important to gain a better understanding of the geological model associated with the deposit system. This preliminary study focused on determining petrogenesis of the dioritic intrusion. Methods carried out in this study were field data collection, petrographic analysis, and geochemical analysis using ICP-AES (Inductive Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry) and ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) analysis. Petrography analysis showed that igneous rocks in this research area consist of dioritic rock with phorphyritic texture and oscillatory zoning. Based on its geochemical composition, the rock samples can be classified as diorite and granodiorite and calc-alkaline suites. These rocks are enriched in LILEs (Rb, Ba, Sr, and K) and depleted in HFSEs (Nb, Ti, Zr). In addition, REE shows a slight enrichment of light-REE and depletion of HREE. These patterns of the trace elements including REE show a typical pattern of calc alkaline arc. Petrographic observation and geochemical variation indicate that the magma has undergone fractional crystallization.

Dermatoglyphic Phenotype in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction. Since the predisposition to develop cardiovascular disease is genetically determined, it can be assumed that there are phenotypic features (in particular, dermatoglyphic) that allow predicting the predisposition to develop acute myocardial infarction (MI).
 The aim of the study was to determine the dermatoglyphic phenotype in patients with myocardial infarction.
 Materials and methods. The object of the study was dermatoglyphs of distal phalanges of the fingers obtained from 60 male subjects (30 patients with myocardial infarction and 30 healthy men without cardiovascular pathology as a control group). The dermatoglyphic method and the method of statistical analysis were used.
 Results. It was found that patients with MI had a higher frequency of curl patterns, but a lower frequency of ulnar and radial loops and arc patterns compared to the control group. The value of the comb count in patients with MI was lower than in the control group (p>0.05). The total comb count of the palmar fields a-b, c-d was higher, and the fields b-c were lower in patients with MI than in the control group. The mean value of the angle Аtd on both hands was higher in patients with MI than in the control group. Palm patterns and folds showed no significant differences between the groups.
 Conclusions
 The results of this study can be used to standardize the dermatoglyphic pattern of the Ukrainian population and identify individuals prone to MI.

Features of the Dermatoglyphic Foot Pattern in Suicider Males

Since suicide is one of the most common types of violent death among people of working age (including military personnel) and children, it is necessary to conduct in-depth studies of the structure of skin patterns in a group of people with completed suicide in order to develop methods of active suicide prevention. In order to determine the propensity to commit suicide, the dermatoglyphs of the distal phalanges and metacarpal pads of the toes of 138 male subjects aged 18 to 59 years who committed suicide and 100 control subjects aged 18 to 59 years were studied. The type of pattern (arc, tibial or fibular loop, curl, complex pattern), delta and comb counts were determined. It was found that the suicide group differs from the control group mainly in a higher number of interruptions (ending X) of the main plantar lines A, B and C; an increase in the frequency of arc patterns on most toes of both feet with a degree of reliability; a decrease in the frequency of curls on the third toe of the left foot to 44.5±11.2 (p<0.001) and an increase in the frequency of this pattern on the second toes of both feet; an increase in the value of the comb count in the area of the tibial edge of the foot, with a decrease in the values near the fibular edge of the foot.

The aggregation of micro-particles based on hydraulic vortices

The large-scale and nondestructive aggregation of micro-particles in the solvent has a crucial role on cell detection and the preparation of micro-nano drugs. To achieve directional aggregation of micro-particles, a piezoelectric cantilever probe structure can be utilized to generate a vortex region by driving the liquid with low-frequency oscillation. By adjusting the driving voltage and frequency of the piezoelectric oscillator, polystyrene microspheres in the liquid can be effectively aggregated and manipulated. Experimental results using fixed concentration polystyrene solvent demonstrated that micro-particle aggregation occurred within the frequency range of 20–70 Hz and voltage range of 20–80 V. The particles were stably concentrated in front of the probe, with a maximum aggregation area of 0.71 mm2 and a maximum number of aggregated particles reaching 2495, when the driving voltage was 60 V and the driving frequency was 60 Hz. Furthermore, the flow field particle image velocimetry experiment revealed that when four main vortices with opposite rotation directions were present, the micro-particle aggregation exhibited a regular Arc and Witch-shaped pattern. Conversely, in the presence of an indefinite number of large main vortices in the flow field, the micro-particle aggregation displayed an irregular Small symmetry and Large symmetry-shaped pattern. This method of micro-particle aggregation manipulation using hydraulic vortices has the potential to meet the demands of biomedical and fine chemical fields for precise micro-particle manipulation.

Study of Electrical and Dielectric Behaviors of Copper-Doped Zinc Oxide Ceramic Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering for Electronic Device Applications.

In this study, Cu-doped ZnO aerogel nanoparticles with a 4% copper concentration (Cu4ZO) were synthesized using a sol-gel method, followed by supercritical drying and heat treatment. The subsequent fabrication of Cu4ZO ceramics through Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with EDS, and impedance spectroscopy (IS) across a frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz and temperatures from 270 K to 370 K. The SPS-Cu4ZO sample exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average crystallite size of approximately 229 ± 10 nm, showcasing a compact structure with discernible pores. The EDS spectrum indicates the presence of the base elements zinc and oxygen with copper like the dopant element. Remarkably, the material displayed distinct electrical properties, featuring high activation energy values of about 0.269 ± 0.021 eV. Complex impedance spectroscopy revealed the impact of temperature on electrical relaxation phenomena, with the Nyquist plot indicating semicircular arc patterns associated with grain boundaries. As temperature increased, a noticeable reduction in the radius of these arcs occurred, coupled with a shift in their center points toward the axis center, suggesting a non-Debye-type relaxation mechanism. Dielectric analyses revealed a temperature-driven evolution of losses, emphasizing the material's conductivity impact. Non-Debye-type behavior, linked to ion diffusion, sheds light on charge storage dynamics. These insights advance potential applications in electronic devices and energy storage.

Дифференцирующие возможности папиллярных узоров средних фаланг пальцев рук (на примере евразийских популяций)

Introduction. An assessment of the currently known data on intergroup variability of papillary patterns of fingers' middle phalanges suggests the possibility of using these characteristics to differentiate Eurasian populations. Material and methods. The study conducted on the prints of fingers' middle phalanges of 1178 men from 12 ethno-territorial groups of Russia and Kyrgyzstan. These are mainly archival materials represented by impressions of the entire palmar surface of the hand. Therefore, we applied а classification that unites morphologically similar variants to eliminate possible errors in determining the types of skin patterns. Results. Statistically significant differences revealed when comparing the proportions of dermatoglyphic features in Caucasian populations, on the one hand, and mixed Caucasian-Mongoloid or Mongoloid populations, on the other. The occurrence frequencies of straight and hook patterns increase, and the frequencies of distal arc and complex double patterns decrease in the presence of a Mongoloid (or Uralic) component. The results of cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling confirmed the division of populations depending on the presence of a Mongoloid, including Ural, component in their racial composition. Within the main clusters, groups were differentiated according to anthropological similarity and territorial proximity. The skin patterns’ complex of digital middle phalanges is very sensitive to the presence of a Mongoloid (or Uralic) component in Caucasian populations, as well as the main dermatoglyphic features of the hand. The differentiation of samples according to the patterns of the middle phalanges largely corresponds to the division based on classical racial and key dermatoglyphic characteristics. However, as a result of multidimensional scaling, the Volga-Kama populations were located further from the Caucasoid than both Mongoloid samples. Therefore, shares’ distribution of united dermatoglyphic signs in Mongoloid populations requires clarification using additional data. Conclusion. The results of various statistical analyzes allow us to conclude that it is possible to use dermatoglyphic characteristics of digital middle phalanges to differentiate Caucasoid samples and groups with a Mongoloid (or Ural) component. The presence of the Mongoloid component in the groups is accompanied by a decrease in the complexity of the papillary patterns on the middle phalanges. @ 2023. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license

Enhancing Antioxidant Activity of Curcumin Using ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Electrodeposition Method

The objective of this study was to fabricate zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles through the utilization of the electrodeposition technique, to employ them as a supportive medium for enhancing the antioxidant properties of curcumin. The study involved the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, which were subsequently subjected to characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Additionally, the antioxidant activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was assessed through the use of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. In XRD analysis, a notable peak denoted by an asterisk (*) is observed at specific angles of 2θ: 25.84°, 31.63°, 34.21°, and 36.12°, with corresponding index values (h, k, l) of (220), (100), (002), and (101), respectively. This peak is indicative of the degree of crystallinity exhibited by ZnO nanoparticles. The SEM data indicates that the particles generated possess a rod-like morphology, exhibiting a range of sizes. The Nyquist plots exhibit a semicircular arc pattern at low frequencies, as indicated by the findings from the EIS test. The data obtained from antioxidant assays indicated that ZnO-curcumin achieved an inhibition level of 47.09%, while curcumin alone showed a significantly lower inhibition percentage of 4.93%.

Exploring the Neural Processes behind Narrative Engagement: An EEG Study.

Past cognitive neuroscience studies using naturalistic stimuli have considered narratives holistically and focused on cognitive processes. In this study, we incorporated the narrative structure, the dramatic arc, as an object of investigation, to examine how engagement levels fluctuate across a narrative-aligned dramatic arc. We explored the possibility of predicting self-reported engagement ratings from neural activity and investigated the idiosyncratic effects of each phase of the dramatic arc on brain responses as well as the relationship between engagement and brain responses. We presented a movie excerpt following the six-phase narrative arc structure to female and male participants while collecting EEG signals. We then asked this group of participants to recall the excerpt, another group to segment the video based on the dramatic arc model, and a third to rate their engagement levels while watching the movie. The results showed that the self-reported engagement ratings followed the pattern of the narrative dramatic arc. Moreover, while EEG amplitude could not predict group-averaged engagement ratings, other features comprising dynamic intersubject correlation (dISC), including certain frequency bands, dynamic functional connectivity patterns and graph features were able to achieve this. Furthermore, neural activity in the last two phases of the dramatic arc significantly predicted engagement patterns. This study is the first to explore the cognitive processes behind the dramatic arc and its phases. By demonstrating how neural activity predicts self-reported engagement, which itself aligns with the narrative structure, this study provides insights on the interrelationships between narrative structure, neural responses, and viewer engagement.

Instability and dynamic behavior of arc attachments on electrodes and the effect on electrode erosion

Plasma interacting with electrodes is one of the most challenging issues in many industrial applications, such as power-interruption and plasma-metal erosion. Because of the concentration of arc attachments (root) and the voltage drop across the plasma sheath layer, the arc roots consume great amount of energy, which subsequently will increase the local temperature and erode the electrodes. Due to the nonequilibrium condition at plasma sheath, it is very difficult to quantitatively estimate the arc root temperature profile. The recognition of arc roots behavior, like instability and pattern formation, is important to estimate the electrode erosion. The potential drop arising through the sheath (double layer) is nonuniform. Due to thermionic field emission, the strong flux of charge carriers through the sheath will cause instability of the double layer, which weakens the inner potential gradient. As a result, the strong current dependent potential drop features a negative resistance. The existence of negative resistance causes the instability of arc attachments in the forms of immobility and constriction. Their interdependence between local current density and potential drop gives rise to the arc root formation that concentrates the energy into a small spot. Owing to the negative resistance, any perturbation will cause the current density in the sheath to grow to approximately infinity or decay to vanish, namely arc root formation or extinction. Thereby, the arc root instability provides the basis for the dynamic behavior of arc attachments and detachments on the electrodes, which will help to understand electrode erosion and avoid the damage from the arc plasma in engineering applications.

Tumefactive Demyelination in MOG Ab-Associated Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and AQP-4-IgG-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Studies on tumefactive brain lesions in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (IgG)-associated disease (MOGAD) are lacking. We sought to characterize the frequency clinical, laboratory, and MRI features of these lesions in MOGAD and compare them with those in multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD). We retrospectively searched 194 patients with MOGAD and 359 patients with AQP4+NMOSD with clinical/MRI details available from the Mayo Clinic databases and included those with ≥1 tumefactive brain lesion (maximum transverse diameter ≥2 cm) on MRI. Patients with tumefactive MS were identified using the Mayo Clinic medical record linkage system. Binary multivariable stepwise logistic regression identified independent predictors of MOGAD diagnosis; Cox proportional regression models were used to assess the risk of relapsing disease and gait aid in patients with tumefactive MOGAD vs those with nontumefactive MOGAD. We included 108 patients with tumefactive demyelination (MOGAD = 43; AQP4+NMOSD = 16; and MS = 49). Tumefactive lesions were more frequent among those with MOGAD (43/194 [22%]) than among those with AQP4+NMOSD (16/359 [5%], p < 0.001). Risk of relapse and need for gait aid were similar in tumefactive and nontumefactive MOGAD. Clinical features more frequent in MOGAD than in MS included headache (18/43 [42%] vs 10/49 [20%]; p = 0.03) and somnolence (12/43 [28%] vs 2/49 [4%]; p = 0.003), the latter also more frequent than in AQP4+NMOSD (0/16 [0%]; p = 0.02). The presence of peripheral T2-hypointense rim, T1-hypointensity, diffusion restriction (particularly an arc pattern), ring enhancement, and Baló-like or cystic appearance favored MS over MOGAD (p ≤ 0.001). MRI features were broadly similar in MOGAD and AQP4+NMOSD, except for more frequent diffusion restriction in AQP4+NMOSD (10/15 [67%]) than in MOGAD (11/42 [26%], p = 0.005). CSF analysis revealed less frequent positive oligoclonal bands in MOGAD (2/37 [5%]) than in MS (30/43 [70%], p < 0.001) and higher median white cell count in MOGAD than in MS (33 vs 6 cells/μL, p < 0.001). At baseline, independent predictors of MOGAD diagnosis were the presence of somnolence/headache, absence of T2-hypointense rim, lack of T1-hypointensity, and no diffusion restriction (Nagelkerke R 2 = 0.67). Tumefactive lesion resolution was more common in MOGAD than in MS or AQP4+NMOSD and improved model performance. Tumefactive lesions are frequent in MOGAD but not associated with a worse prognosis. The clinical, MRI, and CSF attributes of tumefactive MOGAD differ from those of tumefactive MS and are more similar to those of tumefactive AQP4+NMOSD with the exception of lesion resolution, which favors MOGAD.

Effect of Dimpled Rib with Arc Pattern on Hydrothermal Characteristics of Al2O3-H2O Nanofluid Flow in a Square Duct

The present work is concerned with the experimental analysis of the thermal and hydraulic performance of Al2O3−H2O nanofluid flow in dimpled rib with arc pattern in a square duct. The Alumina nanofluid consists of nanoparticles having a size of 30 nm. Reynolds number Renum studied in the square duct range from 5000 to 26,000. The nanoparticle volume fraction (ϕnp) ranges from 1.5% to 4.5%, the ratio of dimpled-arc-rib-height to print-diameter HAD/Pd ranges from 0.533 to 1.133, the ratio of the dimpled-rib-pitch to rib height PAD/HAD range from 3.71 to 6.71 and dimpled arc angle (αAD) range from 35° to 65°. The Al2O3−H2O-based nanofluid flow values of Nusselt number Nurs and friction factor frs are higher in comparison to pure water. The dimpled ribs in the arc pattern significantly improved the thermal-hydraulic performance of the investigated test section. The nanoparticle concentration of 4.5%, the ratio of dimpled arc rib height to print diameter of 0.933, the relative dimpled arc rib height of 4.64 and the dimpled arc angle of 55° deliver the maximum magnitude of the heat transfer rate. The maximum value of the thermal-hydraulic performance parameters was found to be 1.23 for Al2O3−H2O-based nanofluid flow in a dimpled rib with arc pattern square duct for the range of parameters investigated. Correlations of Nurs, frs and ηrs have been developed for the selected range of operating and geometric parameters.

Characterizing motion prediction in small autonomous swarms

The use of robotic swarms has become increasingly common in research, industrial, and military domains for tasks such as collective exploration, coordinated movement, and collective localization. Despite the expanded use of robotic swarms, little is known about how swarms are perceived by human operators. To characterize human-swarm interactions, we evaluate how operators perceive swarm characteristics, including movement patterns, control schemes, and occlusion. In a series of experiments manipulating movement patterns and control schemes, participants tracked swarms on a computer screen until they were occluded from view, at which point participants were instructed to estimate the spatiotemporal dynamics of the occluded swarm by mouse click. In addition to capturing mouse click responses, eye tracking was used to capture participants eye movements while visually tracking swarms. We observed that manipulating control schemes had minimal impact on the perception of swarms, and that swarms are easier to track when they are visible compared to when they were occluded. Regarding swarm movements, a complex pattern of data emerged. For example, eye tracking indicates that participants more closely track a swarm in an arc pattern compared to sinusoid and linear movement patterns. When evaluating behavioral click-responses, data show that time is underestimated, and that spatial accuracy is reduced in complex patterns. Results suggest that measures of performance may capture different patterns of behavior, underscoring the need for multiple measures to accurately characterize performance. In addition, the lack of generalizable data across different movement patterns highlights the complexity involved in the perception of swarms of objects.

Source controls on mineralisation: Regional geology and magmatic evolution of Fiji

There is a well-established link between world-class gold telluride mineral deposits and alkalic magmatic host rocks, often emplaced post-subduction in arc terranes. Fiji is home to two such deposits, and provides an ideal location to study the relationship between the alkalic (shoshonitic) host rocks, their geodynamic context, and potential roles in metal enrichment. A total of 93 new geochemical analyses of magmatic rocks from across Fiji are presented, alongside detailed petrography and mineralogy and a new compilation of literature data. Despite relatively similar mineralogy across syn- and post-subduction samples, there are geochemical differences between them, with the latter displaying elevated concentrations of Ba (<2137 ppm), Rb (<218 ppm), Sr (<2648 ppm) and K2O (<10.18 wt%), and depletions in Nb and Ta. Multi-element trends suggest exaggerations of ‘typical’ arc patterns in post-subduction shoshonites. Geochemical data suggest that whilst the fluxing of fluids and sediment melts from a subducted slab may play a role in producing the distinctive post-subduction magmas, they are likely insufficient to drive such strong trends. Instead, biotite or possibly phlogopite in the lithosphere are suggested as being a key ‘ingredient’. Earlier subduction can modify the lithosphere through the addition of hydrous phases, both by metasomatism of the lithospheric mantle, or by the formation of residual minerals during fractional crystallisation. Remelting of these phases could liberate trace elements and metals. Biotite in particular could facilitate some of the observed large ion lithophile elements (LILE) enrichments and the alkali-rich (potassic) nature of the magmas.

Compositional variation of mafic calc-alkaline lavas at the submarine Pausanias Volcanic Field, western South Aegean Volcanic Arc: Implications for magma formation and ascent

The calc-alkaline lavas of the submarine Pausanias Volcanic Field and the neighboring Methana peninsula represent the largest volcanic edifices of the western South Aegean Volcanic Arc (SAVA) in the Mediterranean Sea and erupted on 30–35 km thick continental crust. We report the first whole rock major and trace elements together with Sr-Nd-Pb isotope ratios for basaltic to andesitic lavas from the submarine Pausanias Volcanic Field consisting of six smaller, volcanic structures. The mafic lavas have the most primitive compositions of the SAVA with MgO of up to 9 wt% and Ni concentrations >100 ppm. The incompatible trace element abundance patterns of the Pausanias and Methana lavas overlap and have typical island arc patterns, but Pausanias lavas display a larger geochemical heterogeneity on a smaller spatial scale compared to those from Methana. The Pausanias lavas resemble those from Methana in Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes reflecting higher sediment subduction in the western SAVA than in the central arc at Santorini. The variability of incompatible element concentrations at relatively constant isotope compositions suggests variable degrees of partial melting of a peridotite-sediment mélange diapir in the mantle wedge. The Pausanias magmas formed from a less depleted mantle source compared to the central SAVA and their ascent in an extensional basin supported relatively rapid ascent without the extensive stagnation in the crust observed in the Methana magmas. The compositional differences between Pausanias and Methana imply differences in their composition and/or transport in the mantle wedge and the crust, allowing highly variable melts to reach the surface within a spatial distance of few kilometers. • Small scale mantle heterogeneity recorded at the Pausanias Volcanic Field. • Melting of sediment-rich mélange diapirs contribute to Pausanias lavas. • At Pausanias, extension allows melts to ascend more direct through the crust compared to Methana.

Изучение изменчивости основных характеристик дерматоглифики на ногтевых фалангах пальцев у подростков

The work is devoted to the study of the variability of the main characteristics of the skin pattern of the fingers in boys and girls. The study involved 93 adolescents, including 52 girls and 41 boys. The dermatoglyphics of the fingers was studied according to the standard method with an assessment of the type of pattern and the overall intensity of the patterns. During the study, the following main phenotypes of digital dermatoglyphics were identified: 10L, AL, ALW, LW, 10W. Additionally, there were varieties of loop pattern: ulnar (elbow) loop - Lu; radial loop - Lr; double loop - 2L. The total intensity of the patterns was assessed by the DL delta index. In the examined group of adolescents, a study was made of the dermatoglyphic characteristics of finger patterns (type of pattern and its combinations, delta index, total scallop count, dermatoglyphic indices (finger pattern indices, pattern type indices) of Dankmeyer, Poll, Furugata and pattern intensity index), asymmetries of skin patterns and ridge count. The significance of differences between independent results obtained in the course of comparative analysis was determined using Student's t-test. The significance level was set at p&lt;0.05. The distribution of types of patterns and their combinations on the nail phalanges of the fingers indicates that these characteristics of dermatoglyphics in girls have a simpler version compared to the dermatoglyphics of boys. The presence of pattern type W indicates a high probability that the fingerprints belong to young men, pattern type A - to girls. According to the frequency of occurrence of patterns on different fingers, a more frequent presence of arches in girls and curls in boys was revealed. The arc pattern is more often found on the second finger, but with different frequency (more often in girls), then on the third, fourth and fifth fingers. The loop pattern is more often found on the fifth, third and first fingers. Curls are more common on the fourth finger, then the second, third and first fingers in boys, and in girls on the fourth finger, then the second, first and third fingers, but with less frequency. Here it was possible to reveal a slight sexual peculiarity in the location of the curls: in boys the third finger, and in girls the first finger, but with a higher frequency in boys. The scallop count has a fairly large range of intragroup variability, especially among young men. The average values of the scallop count in young men are significantly higher, i.e. confirms the fact that this characteristic of dermatoglyphics in girls has a simpler variant (p&lt;0.05). Asymmetry between the right and left hands in the surveyed groups of schoolchildren in this indicator was not revealed. A more pronounced phenomenon of fluctuating asymmetry of dermatoglyphic features in young men was found, manifested in such patterns as the ulnar loop and especially curls. Comparative analysis of the distribution by types of patterns and their combinations on the nail phalanges of the fingers, as well as the delta index showed that young men more often have more complex variants of these characteristics of dermatoglyphics. Therefore, a number of characteristics of the skin pattern of the fingers, such as the "arch", "ulnar loop" and "curl" phenotypes, their presence on certain fingers, as well as the level of the delta index and the asymmetry of skin patterns (ulnar loop and especially whorls) indicate that in the surveyed group of teenagers there are differences between boys and girls. The combination of these signs can be used for gender identification of a person.

Petrogenesis of Botorubuh igneous rocks at Gunungkidul: A preliminary study for paleomagmatism phenomenon in the southern beach of Yogyakarta - Indonesia

Botorubuh Beach is located at Southern Beach of Gunungkidul, in the Southern Mountain of Yogyakarta - Indonesia and is a promontory composed of Middle - Late Miocene igneous rock with a columnar jointing structure. This isolated igneous rock area is surrounded by limestone. Therefore, the regional geological map of Surakarta-Giritontro classifies this area as the Punung-Wonosari Formation which is dominated by limestone. Because of the geological phenomenon of the isolated igneous rock area, it is necessary to study the petrogenesis of the igneous rocks at the area. The petrogenesis research is based on a preliminary study of the petrographical and geochemical characteristics of this igneous rock samples. The petrographic identification of andesite samples shows porphyritic, trachytic, oscillatory zoning, and sieve textures. The results of geochemical analysis (major and trace elements) show that the rock samples are are classified to andesite rocks and calc-alkaline suites. These rocks are enriched in LILEs (Rb, Ba, K) and depleted in HFSEs (Nb, Ti, Ce). Additionally, REE shows a slight enrichment of light-REE and a slight negative anomaly of Eu. The patterns of the trace elements including REE show a typical pattern of calc alkaline arc. Petrographical and geochemical characteristics suggest evidence of magma differentiation process, that is by a mechanism of crystallization fractionation. The andesite was formed in relation to a Middle – Late Miocene paleomagmatism and the Late Miocene-Pliocene subduction zone.

Vehicle Recognition using extensions of Pattern Descriptors

Vehicle identification and classification for still images are incredibly useful and can be extended to a range of traffic surveillance operations. Reliable and accurate recognition of vehicles is however a challenging issue due to changes in vehicle appearance and illumination difference in real time scene. In this paper, we present a simple and effective way of vehicle recognition technique based on vehicle’s local texture features extraction and classification. The local features are extracted individually using the Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Median Binary Pattern (MBP), Gradient directional pattern (GDP), and Local Arc Pattern (LAP) descriptors and feed into Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification. We also focus on vehicle classification using various color spaces like RGB, HSV, YCbCr for the texture descriptors extraction. The primary focus is to observe the effect of colour information on vehicle classification efficiency across different colour spaces. Initially, experiments are conducted for the classification of gray-level vehicle images of five different classes from the CompCars dataset. Then experiments are extended to different color spaces for the same dataset for color texture classification. The integration of different colour details increases the efficiency of vehicle classification, according to the experimental results.

Experimental Evaluation of Dynamic Characteristics of Circular Arc Spring Dampers for Rotating Machinery

Abstract This study presents an experimental evaluation of the dynamic characteristics of the circular arc spring damper (CASD), which attenuates the vibration of rotating machinery. The CASD is a novel type of fluid film damper that has two or more arc-shaped beams and dual slits (radial clearances) formed by wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). A major advantage of CASDs over conventional squeeze film dampers (SFDs) with squirrel-cage springs is their compactness and low weight. The concept of CASDs was originally proposed by Kanki et al. (2005). However, the basic characteristics of this type of damper, including the influence of the geometries, added mass coefficients, and cross-coupled terms of dynamic coefficients have not been investigated. To clarify these characteristics, a series of excitation tests was conducted on three types of CASDs to identify their dynamic coefficients. The features of the newly developed test rig and experimental results are presented in this study. Tested dampers have the same outer diameter (160 mm) and damper width (44 mm) but different arc patterns (2-arc or 4-arc) and radial clearances (about 0.3 or 1.2 mm). All dampers were tested in both open-end and end-sealed configuration. The influence of the end-seal clearances (about 0.1–0.4 mm) was also examined. The following results were obtained: (1) 4-arc type CASDs have greater damping than that of 2-arc types; (2) CASDs have a considerable amount of added mass coefficients, especially in the end-sealed condition; (3) smaller end-seal clearances make the damping and added-mass coefficients significantly larger; (4) A large level of damping can be produced with dashpot configuration (large radial clearances and small end-seal clearances), though the added-mass effect becomes more prominent; (5) cross-coupled terms are very small in centered/small amplitude motion. These new findings can be utilized for the design and application of CASDs to real rotating machineries.

Multi-curvature micropatterns unveil distinct calcium and mitochondrial dynamics in neuronal networks.

Tangential curvatures are a key geometric feature of tissue folds in the human cerebral cortex. In the brain, these smoother and firmer bends are called gyri and sulci and form distinctive curved tissue patterns imposing a mechanical stimulus on neuronal networks. This stimulus is hypothesized to be essential for proper brain cell function but lacks in most standard neuronal cell assays. A variety of soft lithographic micropatterning techniques can be used to integrate round geometries in cell assays. Most microfabricated patterns, however, focus only on a small set of defined curvatures. In contrast, curvatures in the brain span a wide physical range, leaving it unknown which precise role distinct curvatures may play on neuronal cell signaling. Here we report a hydrogel-based multi-curvature design consisting of over twenty bands of distinct parallel curvature ranges to precisely engineer neuronal networks' growth and signaling under patterns of arcs. Monitoring calcium and mitochondrial dynamics in primary rodent neurons grown over two weeks in the multi-curvature patterns, we found that static calcium signaling was locally attenuated under higher curvatures (k > 0.01 μm-1). In contrast, to randomize growth, transient calcium signaling showed higher synchronicity when neurons formed networks in confined multi-curvature patterns. Additionally, we found that mitochondria showed lower motility under high curvatures (k > 0.01 μm-1) than under lower curvatures (k < 0.01 μm-1). Our results demonstrate how sensitive neuronal cell function may be linked and controlled through specific curved geometric features. Furthermore, the hydrogel-based multi-curvature design possesses high compatibility with various surfaces, allowing a flexible integration of geometric features into next-generation neuro devices, cell assays, tissue engineering, and implants.