Arbitrary Time-dependent Electric Field Research Articles

Non-Markovian barotropic-type and Hall-type fluctuation relations in crossed electric and magnetic fields.

In this paper we derive the non-Markovian barotropic-type and Hall-type fluctuation relations for noninteracting charged Brownian particles embedded in a memory heat bath and under the action of crossed electric and magnetic fields. We first obtain a more general non-Markovian fluctuation relation formulated within the context of a generalized Langevin equation with arbitrary friction memory kernel and under the action of a constant magnetic field and an arbitrary time-dependent electric field. It is shown that this fluctuation relation is related to the total amount of an effective work done on the charged particle as it is driven out of equilibrium by the applied time-dependent electric field. Both non-Markovian barotropic- and Hall-type fluctuation relations are then derived when the electric field is assumed to be also a constant vector pointing along just one axis. In the Markovian limit, we show explicitly that they reduce to the same results reported in the literature.

Exactly solvable model for nonlinear light-matter interaction in an arbitrary time-dependent field

Exact analytic expressions are derived for the dipole moment and nonlinear current of a one-dimensional quantum particle subject to a short-range attractive potential and an arbitrary time-dependent electric field. An efficient algorithm for the current evaluation is described and a robust implementation suitable for numerical simulations is demonstrated.

Hooke's Atom in an Arbitrary External Electric Field: Analytical Solutions of Two-Electron Problem by Path Integral Approach

By using the path integral approach, we investigate the problem of Hooke's atom (two electrons interacting with Coulomb potential in an external harmonic-oscillator potential) in an arbitrary time-dependent electric field. For a certain infinite set of discrete oscillator frequencies, we obtain the analytical solutions. The ground state polarization of the atom is then calculated. The same result is also obtained through linear response theory.

Entropy production theorem for a charged particle in an electromagnetic field

In this work, it is shown that the detailed fluctuation theorem for the total entropy production of a charged particle in a two-dimensional harmonic trap under the action of an electromagnetic field is valid in two physical situations. The proof of the theorem is achieved if the particle is initially distributed with a canonical distribution at equilibrium with the thermal bath. The two examined cases are the following: in the first case, the charged particle in the harmonic trap is subjected to an arbitrary time-dependent electric field; in the second one, the minimum of the harmonic trap is arbitrarily dragged by such an electric field. The theoretical framework is developed within the context of stochastic thermodynamics and the Langevin dynamics for the charged particle.

Fluctuation relations for a classical harmonic oscillator in an electromagnetic field

In this work, we establish some fluctuation relations for a classical two-dimensional system of independent charged harmonic oscillators in the presence of an electromagnetic field. The main fluctuation relation quantifies irreversible behavior by comparing probabilities of observing particular trajectories during forward and backward processes and is expressed in terms of the work performed by the externally time-dependent electric field when the system is driven away from equilibrium. In the absence of a harmonic force and assuming a constant electric field, our theoretical results reduce to the fluctuation relations for a classical two-dimensional system of noninteracting electrons under the influence of externally crossed electric and magnetic fields, which were recently studied [D. Roy and N. Kumar, Phys. Rev. E 78, 052102 (2008)]. Finally, by considering the dragging of the center of the harmonic trap potential given by the presence of the arbitrary time-dependent electric field, the work-fluctuation theorem and the Jarzynski equality are verified.

Energy transfer in a dielectric medium with allowance for the relaxation polarization

Energy relations of the macroscopic electrodynamics of a dielectric medium are considered with allowance for the relaxation polarization. An expression for the dielectric loss power flux density is obtained in the case of an arbitrary time-dependent electric field. An energy characteristic of the efficiency of insulators for capacitive energy storages is proposed.

Errata: 2D Saddle Potential Schröinger Green's Function in the Presence of an Arbitrary Time-Dependent Electric Field

Errata: 2D Saddle Potential Schröinger Green's Function in the Presence of an Arbitrary Time-Dependent Electric Field

2D Saddle Potential Schrödinger Green's Function in the Presence of an Arbitrary Time-Dependent Electric Field

We derive the retarded nonrelativistic Green's function for a Schrödinger electron confined to a plane and subject to a parabolic saddle potential and an electric field having arbitrary time dependence and orientation on the plane. This derivation is carried out using Heisenberg equations of motion for position and momentum operators, following an earlier analysis of Schwinger, to obtain the retarded Green's function in closed form, as an explicit function of position and time variables.

Motion of a Charged Particle in an Arbitrary Time-Dependent Electric Field with Alternating Intersite Interactions

The motion of a charged particle on a linear chain under the action of an electric field with alternating intersite interactions is investigated. Exact solutions for the Wannier state amplitudes, the propagators and the mean square displacement are obtained for the general case of an arbitrary time-dependent electric field, of which a electric field is only a special one. The dynamic localization condition is given for this special case. This condition would make the observation of dynamic localization effect possible.

Motion of Bloch electrons in time-dependent electric fields with off-diagonal effects

Taking into account the off-diagonal matrix elements of the positron operator, the motion of Bloch electrons in a one-dimensional lattice under the action of an arbitrary time-dependent electric field is investigated. The exact solutions for the evolution amplitudes and the mean-square displacement are obtained in the case of a one-band approximation. The evolution behavior of Bloch electrons in several types of electric fields is discussed. It has been found that the off-diagonal matrix elements of the positron operator only quantitatively affect the dynamic localization and delocalization of Bloch electrons previously obtained without considering this effect.