Arabic Letters Research Articles

An Examination of the Characteristics of Arabic Letters on the Surah al-Baqarah, Verses 1-5

An Examination of the Characteristics of Arabic Letters on the Surah al-Baqarah, Verses 1-5

A novel approach to secure communication in mega events through Arabic text steganography utilizing invisible Unicode characters.

Mega events attract mega crowds, and many data exchange transactions are involved among organizers, stakeholders, and individuals, which increase the risk of covert eavesdropping. Data hiding is essential for safeguarding the security, confidentiality, and integrity of information during mega events. It plays a vital role in reducing cyber risks and ensuring the seamless execution of these extensive gatherings. In this paper, a steganographic approach suitable for mega events communication is proposed. The proposed method utilizes the characteristics of Arabic letters and invisible Unicode characters to hide secret data, where each Arabic letter can hide two secret bits. The secret messages hidden using the proposed technique can be exchanged via emails, text messages, and social media, as these are the main communication channels in mega events. The proposed technique demonstrated notable performance with a high-capacity ratio averaging 178% and a perfect imperceptibility ratio of 100%, outperforming most of the previous work. In addition, it proves a performance of security comparable to previous approaches, with an average ratio of72%. Furthermore, it is better in robustness than all related work, with a robustness against 70% of the possible attacks.

Arabic Sign Language Recognition in Real Time Using Transfer Deep Learning

People with hearing and speech disabilities in Arab society have obstacles to communicate since Arabic sign language (ArSL) has not been widely understood among society's members. Using technology to translate hand gestures from (ArSL) to written Arabic language can help bridge communication gaps and break down disability barriers in Arab society. latest research utilizes the camera to record the user’s hand features to recognize its gestures. In this research a software was developed to recognize ArSL hand gestures in real time and immediately translate them to written alphabet Arabic letters utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Teachable Machine. Our methodology involves data collection and preparation, Therefore an ArSL alphabet database has been created, with 28 categories representing the Arabic letters. For each letter, 400 images were captured. Then 87.5% of the dataset was passed to Google’s Teachable Machine for training process, after that the dataset was tested and evaluated. Finally, the remaining 12.5% of dataset were used on local host for testing the model generated. The accuracy value for the model on local host was 92%. The experimental output shows the proposed model has good performance results in real time where the average recognition accuracy was 93.8%.

2D Spectrogram analysis using vision transformer to detect mispronounced Arabic utterances for children

Pronunciation feedback is essential for teaching languages to children, urging the need to create computer-assisted pronunciation training (CAPT) systems to automate this process. Most of the current CAPT systems for Arabic Language examined a wide age range, including children, with a dominant adults’ portion. However, these systems did not consider many challenges facing children’s voice, in terms of the acoustic difference between children and adults. Moreover, due to the lack of publicly Arabic datasets, Arabic-related systems were evaluated on datasets consisting of the sound of Arabic letters, with minor efforts to contain words or sentences. In this paper, we propose the Arabic Utterance Mispronunciation Detector for Children (AUMD-Child) system that detects the mispronunciation of children for Arabic words at real-time. The proposed system is based on the fusion of Vision Transformer (ViT) and transfer learning-based model (AlexNet). A novel public dataset is constructed, in which 16 words have been collected from children aged between 7 and 12 years old to evaluate our proposed system. The experimental results, compared to the state-of-the-art models in literature, showed that the accuracy of our proposed AUMD-Child system exceeded the handcrafted features-based models by an average of 7 %, the CNN features-based models using AlexNet and SVM by 5 %, transfer learning-based model using AlexNet by 4 %, and transformers-based model using ViT by 2 %, achieving an average accuracy of 91.81 % for detecting the mispronunciation patterns in Arabic words but in an average processing time of 33 ms, exceeding the other state-of-the-art models with 13 %, 0.03 %, 0.06 %, and 23 % respectively.

Kendala-kendala Anak Usia Dini dalam Mengamalkan Al-Qur’an di Era Digital

All Muslims believe that the Koran is the main source of Islamic teachings. The above are mandatory religious teachings, and a person cannot be called a good Muslim if he violates these beliefs. Thus, every Islamic educational institution must truly make the Koran the main material that must be studied. Read or recite the Koran, write, memorize, and be able to practice the religious values contained in the Al-Qur'an. Using the Koran as a guide to life is a competency that Muslim children must have. So what are the obstacles for young children in practicing the Koran? The above is a big problem in this research, the answer to which must be sought through a qualitative approach. The research subjects were 3 teachers and students at Nw Sajang Kindergarten. In order to obtain accurate data, researchers used interview and observation techniques. Based on the results of research and discussions that have been carried out, there are two obstacle factors, namely internal and external factors experienced by Nw Sajang Kindergarten children in learning to practice the Al-Qur'an. Also internal factors are: (1). Lack of concentration. (2). Difficulty reading Arabic letters. (3). Limited understanding of Arabic. (4). Pressure or lack of time for studying religion, especially the Koran. (5). Lack of motivation and strong will from the child. And the external factors are: (1). Environmental disturbances (2). Children play more often. (3). Lack of appropriate learning materials. (4). Children use electronic devices more often when they are at home. And the solution to overcome this obstacle is; increasing concentration, taking an educational game approach, integrated Arabic language teaching, effective time management, providing ongoing motivation, and finally creating a calm learning environment.

The Gate of Ki Ranggo Wirosentiko's Grave: Traces of Non-Islamic Cultural Acculturation in the Material Culture Heritage of the Palembang Sultanate

Palembang is known as one of the centers of the Palembang Sultanate. One of the most important cultural relics in Palembang is the Palembang Sultan Cemetery complex. Each of these cemetery complexes has a different architectural shape of the tomb, one of which is the tomb complex of Ki Ranggo Wirosntiko. A Striking distinction in this tomb is the shape of the tomb gate complex building that depicts influences in non-Islam culture. This article will explain the differences in shape in the building of the gate and the influence of non-Islamic culture on the shape of the tomb gate of Ki Ranggo Wirosentiko. The method used is the archeological method using a stylistic analysis of the observation of the ornaments found in the gates of this complex. The results of this study show that the building of the tomb gate of Ki Ranggo Wirosentiko shows acculturation with non-Islamic culture. The profile of the outer gate depicting Hindu influence is marked by the similarity with the stylistic elements in the Bentar temple and Paduraksa Temple, East Java. The resemblance is also visible on the profile of the foot and the mould of the gate resembling the profile found in the Paduraksa Temple. On the profile of the third gate, there is an inscription of the year 1142 H or 1730 M using Arabic letters. The local influence appears on the third gate's appearance, indicating the presence of mustak. Based on the profile of the building of the tomb gate Ki Ranggo Wirosentiko shows the influence of Hindu, Buddhist, Arab, and local cultures on the decorative range of the construction of the grave of the temple.

Implementation of the Improvement of the Qur'an Literacy Program for Modern Boarding School Students

This study aims to explore the implementation of the Al-Qur'an reading and writing program at Pondok Modern Al-Barokah Ngepung Patianrowo, focusing on enhancing the literacy skills of its students. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, with the second grade of KMI as the sample group. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The study found that the students' pronunciation of Arabic letters is emphasized, particularly through the application of tajweed rules, direct reading practice in front of teachers, and the use of methods such as lectures, drills, assignments, and the traditional sorogan approach. The implementation of the program takes approximately six months, allowing for individual assessment of students' fluency in reading the Qur'an. This timeframe is necessary to ensure the students' proficiency in Qur'anic literacy.

The Divine Blueprint: An In-Deth Analysis of the Quran’s Mathematical Architecture -Revealing the Golden Ratio, Solar Year Length, Universal GravitationalConstant, Speedof Light, Planck Constant, and theSignificance of the Numbers 28 and 114

There is a strong belief that Allah Almighty could reveal His existence by encoding the laws of nature and their fundamental constants in the Quran with impeccable precision. However, the mathematical frameworks and patterns embedded within the Quranic text to reveal scientific laws and constants may contain minor deviations in numerical values to empower personal exploration, accommodate diverse interpretations, and strengthen faith. This theory is based on the fact that the Quran is the word of Allah Almighty. Consequently, one would anticipate finding evidence suggesting a divine origin. Many scholars and researchers have suggested that this evidence can be found in the mathematical structure of the Quran through patterns, numerical codes, and other mathematical features within the text that are too complex to be simply attributed to human authorship. Therefore, it is believed that the Quran contains within its structure a mathematical encoding of all physical laws and constants. Verses like 20.98, which state, "He encompasses all things in knowledge," are quoted as evidence. According to this perspective, the Quran is assumed to incorporate mathematical miracles, indicating a potential correspondence between its text and the underlying order of the universe. This theory reveals many mathematical frameworks illustrating how the Quran embeds scientific knowledge. These include the identification of frequent occurrences of the golden ratio within the Quranic text and the manifestation of the golden ratio in the human body, alongside the determination of key celestial parameters such as the length of the solar year. Furthermore, this theory uncovers a numerical link between the Quran and fundamental scientific constants, notably the universal gravitational constant, the speed of light, and the Planck constant. Moreover, this theory utilizes numerical analysis to offer a compelling rationale for why the numbers 28 and 114 are used to represent the total number of Arabic letters and chapters in the Quran, respectively. Finally, this theory highlights the Quran's remarkable mathematical architecture, offering indisputable evidence of its divine composition. We behold a mathematical marvel of cosmic scale, a phenomenon defying human intelligence. Indeed, the Quranis a product of a super intelligence exceeding our comprehension.

The Guidance Iqra' Studying be Using Classic Methods for Children at Al-Firdaus Mosque in Papua's Yapen Islands

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the classical method in tutoring Iqra' for children at the Al-Firdaus Mosque, Yapen Islands, Papua. The problem underlying this research is the difficulties experienced by children in learning to read Iqra' through conventional tutoring methods. This has an impact on their ability to understand and memorize Arabic letters and Iqra's verses effectively. This research uses a quantitative type with a case study approach. The data obtained is the concrete result of observations, interviews, and documentation that the researcher conducted with the informants that he had determined. This research shows that children who receive Iqra' learning guidance using the classical method have better abilities in recognizing Arabic letters, understanding Iqra' reading, and overall fluency in reading Iqra'. The classical method applied is the continuous repetition or repetition method and the use of role-playing methods, which enable children to feel comfortable during the learning process. This research has important implications in the context of developing the Iqra' tutoring method for children. The classical method can be an effective alternative for improving children's learning outcomes in reading Iqra'. Iqra'.

Pembinaan Keterampilan Menulis Huruf Hijaiyah bagi Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar melalui Pembelajaran Kaligrafi Arab di Majlis Ta’lim Nurul Huda Desa Cirangkong

Community service activities aim to provide skills development in writing hijaiyah letters, this training is carried out at the Majlis Ta'lim Nurul Huda, Cirangkong Village, where children need additional hours outside of school by studying at the Majlis Ta'lim, especially additionally in terms of Islamic Religious Education . The method used in this service program is the PAR (Participatory Action Research) method. This program is more focused on developing skills in writing hijaiyah letters (learning calligraphy) for school-aged children. The skill of writing hijaiyah or Al-Qur'an letters is directed at how to write short letters in the Al-Qur'an according to the rules of good and correct Arabic writing. This program has continuity with the TPQ programs found in Cirangkong village councils. In Cirangkong Village, the majority are only children and parents, so the only benchmarks for observers are children and mothers. Based on empirical facts and evaluations that have been carried out, it shows that Arabic or Al-Quran writing skills for students in Cirangkong Village, Cibatu District are still in the sufficient category. This sufficient category is given with various considerations, including the results of evaluations of both writing and pronunciation, in addition, this category is also based on various observation results in coaching processes. Students have the technical ability to write hijaiyah letters properly and correctly according to the writing rules independently. However, students still find it difficult to write these letters in cursive form, because Arabic letters will change their writing form when they are in different positions.

Implementasi Metode Imla’ Manqul Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Huruf Arab Di TPQ Tanwirut-Thullab Panikel, Kampung Laut, Cilacap

This research aims to: 1) Determine the best way to apply the imla' manqul method to improve the ability to write Arabic letters in TPQ Tanwirut-thullab Panikel Kampung Laut Cilacap; and 2) Identifying factors that facilitate or hinder the application of the imla' manqul method to improve the ability to write Arabic letters at TPQ Tanwirut-thullab Panikel Kampung Laut Cilacap. Qualitative methods are used in this thesis. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and documentation techniques. Data collection analysis is used to examine the collected data, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing up conclusions. The research findings yielded the following conclusions: 1) The use of the imla manqul method by TPQ Tanwirut-thullab to improve students' Arabic letter writing skills. The imla manqul technique is used for lesson planning, the imla manqul method for implementation, and the manqul method for evaluating learning at the Cilacap Laut Village Panikel . Based on the great enthusiasm of students in participating in learning activities at TPQ Tanwirut-thullab, it can be concluded that the imla manqul method and the ability to read Arabic letters at TPQ Tanwirut-thullab are quite good and are working well. This shows that students are aware of their abilities and are motivated to become more proficient in reading Arabic script. 2) Factors that encourage and hinder the application of the imla manqul method at TPQ Tanwirut-thullab Panikel Kampung Laut Cilacap to improve Arabic letter writing skills. The following factors support the use of the Imla Manqul method to help students become more proficient in writing Arabic letters: a) The teachers at TPQ Tanwirut-thullab have the necessary experience, especially in the field of religious knowledge; b) Students are enthusiastic about participating in learning activities at school; and c) A peaceful and friendly school environment helps students concentrate when reciting the Koran. Meanwhile, the obstacles to the TPQ Tanwirut-thullab Panikel Kampung Laut Cilacap using the imla manqul method are as follows: a) Each student has a unique learning capacity. This can be seen from how quickly they achieve their goals. b) At TPQ Tanwirut-thullab, teacher tardiness is a problem that needs to be addressed immediately. Panikel, c) Infrastructure at TPQ Tanwirut-thullab, where one of the things that hinders the effectiveness of learning is the lack of facilities and infrastructure.

Phonological Errors in Reciting the Quran among Madrasah Diniyyah Students: Identifying Sources and Solutions |Al-Akhthā Al-Shauthiyyah fī Qirāah Al-Qurān Al-Karīm lada Thullāb Al-Madāris Al-Dīniyyah: Tahdīd Al-Mashādir Wa Al-Hulūl

The purposes of this research are to identify phonological errors among students and the sources of these problems, as well as to find solutions to address these errors in Quranic reading among second-grade students at Madrasah Diniyyah Miftahus-Sholihin. Many students are unable to read the Quran correctly. This phenomenon is influenced by various factors, such as the pronunciation of different letters between Arabic and Indonesian languages. The method used is qualitative through descriptive analysis. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, testing, and documentation. The results of this research show that the qiraah al-tahqiq method helps improve Quranic reading among students.This can be seen from the results of the first and second tests. In the first test, students' phonological errors amounted to 1055 errors. While in the second test, students' phonological errors amounted to 197 errors. These findings have important implications for Arabic language learning, particularly in the context of learning tajweed and correct pronunciation of Arabic letters. It suggests that a structured approach and a focus on phonological errors can improve Arabic language teaching in school. For further research, it is recommended to expand this study with a larger sample and different grade levels to obtain a more comprehensive picture of phonological errors and the effectiveness of learning methods.

Optical Recognition System of Non-Dotted Arabic Letters

Optical Recognition System of Non-Dotted Arabic Letters

Inversion and Arabic Language DNA (LDNA) Theory: A Negative Dimensional (D-) Word-from-Word Approach

In this paper, the "Inter-Inversion and Language DNA (LDNA) Theory" is presented. Each Arabic letter has its symmetric letter in a DNA-like combination. The theory is very important in philology, the words' meanings, and development of a new language and/or dialect. It is a negative dimensional (D-) word-from-word approach (given a new term: lexical topology). The Language DNA (LDNA) process can be added, as the eighth process, to the previous list of the basic processes by which new words are created, and consequently, it is the compromising eighth source of the language. The inverted word gives the similar meaning of the original word. Some of the meanings are well-known, whereas the others were either used in the past and lost because of the natural selection law or were never known but might be used in the future. Additionally, it enriches the meaning of the word and may give extended negative dimensional meaning of the interpreted text.

Melaka in the Arabic, Persian and Turkish sources

ABSTRACT This paper examines Melaka’s links with the Middle East during the long fifteenth century through the evidence of the sources written in Arabic, Persian and Turkish. These comprise Arabic navigational texts, Arabic inscriptions from Melaka itself, Persian geographical texts, and Turkish chronicles and administrative documents. Together, they show how the Melaka sultanate was perceived and remembered in the broader Islamic world.

Visual similarity effects in the identification of Arabic letters: evidence with masked priming

Abstract Research using masked priming and parafoveal preview techniques has shown that visual letter similarity has an impact on word processing during the initial stages in Latin-derived scripts. However, these effects appear to be absent in Arabic. One reason for this discrepancy could be attributed to the distinctive features of the Arabic script, which includes numerous letters sharing a basic form while varying in the location or number of diacritics. To shed light on this issue, the present study employed Arabic letters rather than words in two masked priming experiments: an alphabetic decision task and a letter-matching task. Both experiments showed that visually similar letters were more effective as primes than visually dissimilar letters. These findings suggest that the processes of letter identification in Arabic and Latin scripts may be roughly alike, implying that differences in visual letter similarity across scripts may arise at later stages of processing.

Metode Bimbingan Konseling Islami dalam Mencegah Perilaku Agresif pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Athaya Medan

This research is entitled "Islamic Counseling Guidance Methods in Preventing Aggressive Behavior in Children with Special Needs at Athaya Medan". The aim of this researh is to find out how Islamic counseling guidance methods are carried out in the process of preventing aggressive behavior in children with special needs, the inhibiting factors in the process of implementing Islamic counseling guidance, the impact of the results of Islamic counseling guidance, and the solutions to the aggressive behavior problems experienced by children with special needs at Athaya Medan. This researh is a field study with qualitative research. The research informants in this study are the Founder of ABK Athaya and also the counselor for children with special needs. Data collection for this research uses interview, observation, and documentation methods. Primary data sources are obtained from related research informants and secondary data sources are obtained from documentation, books, or literature related to this research. Data analysis techniques in this study include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study show that the Islamic counseling guidance carried out by counselors for children with special needs includes therapy, learning to read Arabic letters, brain training skills, and playing with motor/educational toys. Children with special needs are also encouraged to do muhasabah (evaluate, reflect on the essence of themselves, and their attitudes and behaviors at present, which are in line with their condition, encouraged to think about what is best for them, so that they can achieve happiness in this world and the hereafter). Inhibiting factors that occur in communication in conveying language are very difficult and also difficult to understand, so guidance must be repeated. The success of guidance is seen in the improvement of emotional development or better behavior exhibited by children with special needs both in the school environment and outside the school environment by conducting Islamic counseling guidance in preventing aggressive behavior towards solutions to the problems faced by children with special needs.

Segmentation techniques for Arabic handwritten: a review

Image segmentation refers to the process of partitioning a page into distinct sections. This technique aims to improve and transform the image's representation into a more coherent and user-friendly format. Its common application involves identifying objects and boundaries (such as lines and curves) within images. However, this paper focuses on discussing segmentation methods specifically tailored for Arabic handwritten content. Dealing with the segmentation of Arabic handwritten material poses a significant challenge due to the diverse handwriting styles and the interconnection between Arabic letters. The paper will also touch on the classification of segmentation algorithms originally designed for modern documents, illustrating their adaptation in document processing. Furthermore, the paper will address the difficulties associated with segmenting Arabic handwritten content, including variations in writing style, the connected nature of Arabic characters, the complexity of Arabic cursive writing and as well as the diacritics challenges. Lastly, a concise overview of previously widely used segmentation techniques in various research endeavors will be provided.

SEJARAH DAN PERKEMBANGAN SENI KALIGRAFI DALAM ISLAM

Calligraphy is one of the art of painting with Arabic inscriptions in Islamic art. Calligraphy can also be said as knowledge and skills for every artist. From each carving, calligraphy has its own meaning in it. The application of the method in this study is a qualitative method and literature analysis. The data collection process in this study determines the art of literature related to the studies discussed, the data analysis in this study uses normative analysis. The results of this study state that the history of calligraphy has a special meaning both in writing and in meaning. The art of calligraphy also experienced further development of Umayyad, Abbasid, & Abbasid writings. The development of writing that is still used today, namely during the late Abbasid period, especially in Islamic countries.

To Translate or Not to Translate: The Case of Arabic and Foreign Shop Names in Saudi Arabia

The translatability of shop names constitutes a problem for translation students. To find out the status of shop name translation in Saudi Arabia, a sample of 271 shop names (clothing, accessories, beauty products, restaurants, cafes… etc.) was collected and analyzed to find out which shop names are translated, which ones are not, and which ones should be translated and to set some guidelines for shop-name translation. Results showed that 24% of the shops have pure Arabic names, 25% have international brand names (Starbucks, Burger King, McDonald’s, Pizza Hut, Monsoon, Zara, Sony); 39% have local English names ( أوبريشن فلافل Operation Falafel, Brand Center براند سنتر, بيبي شوب Baby Shop); and 12% mixed names (Arabic + foreign). Only 6.7% of all shop names are fully translated (العربية للعود Arabian Oud; الركن السويسري Swiss Corner; الشمس والرمال للرياضة Sun & Sand Sports; Seven Degree Café مقهى ٧ درجات); 3,3% are partially translated (Cotton Home قطن هوم; ماما بطاطا Mama Batata; JORI COFFEE الجوري كوفي) and 90% are transliterated using Arabic letters (Bershka بيرشكا , MANGO مانجو, كامايو Camaieu). Many shop names are transliterated, although they are translatable, are difficult to decode as the grapheme sequence does not fit the Arabic graphological system (Dr Nutrition دكتور نيوتريشن & Natural Touch تاتش ناتشرال). It was recommended that Franchised International brand names such as Debenhams & Samsung cannot be translated but transliterated. Some foreign shop names can be fully or partially translated rather than transliterated (Dr Nutrition< دكتور التغذية; Natural Touch< اللمسة الطبيعية; Red Sea Mall< مول البحر الأحمر). The Arabic version is for Arab shoppers who do not know English and the English version is for foreigners. Shop names containing café, chocolate, garden and others can be partially translated (Caribou Café مقهى كاريبو; Atayf Garden حديقة أطياف). French and Italian shop names should be transliterated according to their pronunciation in the source language, not in English (Parfois بارفواه, not بارفويس). The word order in compounds should be correct, and the vowels, diphthongs and consonants should be transcribed accurately. The transliteration should be consistent for all shop branches. Further recommendations are given.