Areas Of Arabian Sea Research Articles

Taxonomic List of Macro Benthic Polychaetes of Kanyakumari Coast

Polychaetes are one of the most important macro-invertebrate species found in marine benthic habitats. India is foremost in terms of polychaete fauna biodiversity, followed by the Kanyakumari coast. According to the whole study's findings, the sandy, rocky and muddy substratum the establishment of benthic polychaete species appears to be most favorable in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea area. The distribution of polychaetes along the Kanyakumari coast reveals the diversity of large species identified 27 species in east coast and 31 species in estuaries on the southwest coast. About 58 species of polychaetes belonging to 22 families and 46 genera are known to transpire. An attempt was made to identify the polychaete species found in the study area between 2021 and 2023. The families Eunicidae and Nereidae were found to have higher diversity than Nephtyidae, Spionidae, and Capitellidae. Around 58 distinct polychaete species such as Nereis indica, Capitella capitata, Heteromastus similis, Paraprionospio pinnata, and Malacocerous indica were seemed as prevalent species and plays as pollution indicator as well. These diverse marine invertebrates’ habitats widely in sediments (Capitella capitata, Heteromastus similis, Paraprionospio pinnata) and Malacocerous indica certain were found in both muddy and rocky environments (Nereis indica). It consumes dead matters of marine creatures as primary feed and this distinct five species can be used as indirect pollution monitors of hydrocarbon and heavy metal pollution of harbor sites as well estuaries near by the coconut coir retting area hence found dominantly found in pollution sites further helps to surveying the coastal health moreover can also be used for bio-remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants.

Investigation on Global Distribution of the Atmospheric Trapping Layer by Using Radio Occultation Dataset

The trapping layer refers to the atmospheric layer with vertical gradient of atmospheric refractivity less than −157 N-Units/km or vertical gradient of atmospheric modified refractivity 0 M-unit/km, which has a significant impact on radar and radio communication systems. Based on COSMIC and other radio occultation data, we show the statistical characteristics of the global trapping layer during 2005–2020.The statistical results show that the occurrence rate of the trapping layers is mainly concentrated between 50°S and 50°N, and higher occurrences of the trapping layers with more than 50% mainly occur in the boundary area between ocean and land, such as the northwest coastal area of Mexico, the west coastal area of Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea and the Arabian Sea, and the northwest area of Australia, etc. The altitude of the trapping layer is lower near the land and increases with the distance away from the coastline. The intensity is mainly between 6 M-unit and 24 M-unit (an M-unit is the unit of atmospheric modified refractivity), and the average value in some regions is above 24 M-unit, such as in the Arabian Sea area. In addition, the thickness of the trapping layer is between 50 and 240 m, and is generally larger over the ocean than over the land. These results reveal that the generation of the trapping layer is the result of the interaction of various background environmental factors such as radiation band migration, trade winds, monsoons, solar radiation heating, sea–land breezes and so on.

Chemical Composition and Source Apportionment of Total Suspended Particulate in the Central Himalayan Region

The present study analyzes data from total suspended particulate (TSP) samples collected during 3 years (2005–2008) at Nainital, central Himalayas, India and analyzed for carbonaceous aerosols (organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)) and inorganic species, focusing on the assessment of primary and secondary organic carbon contributions (POC, SOC, respectively) and on source apportionment by positive matrix factorization (PMF). An average TSP concentration of 69.6 ± 51.8 µg m−3 was found, exhibiting a pre-monsoon (March–May) maximum (92.9 ± 48.5 µg m−3) due to dust transport and forest fires and a monsoon (June–August) minimum due to atmospheric washout, while carbonaceous aerosols and inorganic species expressed a similar seasonality. The mean OC/EC ratio (8.0 ± 3.3) and the good correlations between OC, EC, and nss-K+ suggested that biomass burning (BB) was one of the major contributing factors to aerosols in Nainital. Using the EC tracer method, along with several approaches for the determination of the (OC/EC)pri ratio, the estimated SOC component accounted for ~25% (19.3–29.7%). Furthermore, TSP source apportionment via PMF allowed for a better understanding of the aerosol sources in the Central Himalayan region. The key aerosol sources over Nainital were BB (27%), secondary sulfate (20%), secondary nitrate (9%), mineral dust (34%), and long-range transported mixed marine aerosol (10%). The potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analyses were also used to identify the probable regional source areas of resolved aerosol sources. The main source regions for aerosols in Nainital were the plains in northwest India and Pakistan, polluted cities like Delhi, the Thar Desert, and the Arabian Sea area. The outcomes of the present study are expected to elucidate the atmospheric chemistry, emission source origins, and transport pathways of aerosols over the central Himalayan region.

The relationships between body and otolith size of the blueline snapper Lutjanus coeruleolineatus (Rüppell, 1838) collected from the coasts of Oman, Arabian Sea

Relationships between fish length and otolith length and width were examined in the blueline snapper Lutjanus coeruleolineatus (Lutjanidae) collected from the coasts of Oman, Arabian Sea. The values of exponent b from the relationships between fish total length and otolith length and total length and otolith width were estimated representing the close fitness of otolith size with fish size. Both relationships were statistically significant, which means both otolith length and width can be used to retrieve the fish original size. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the effect of the categorical factor of species in the fish length and otolith length relationship. This study represents the first reference available on the relationship of fish size and otolith size for L. coeruleolineatus in the Arabian Sea area. Results from this study will offer original data on quantitative biometric relationships between body and otolith measurements of fish species in Arabian Sea region. By obtaining the mathematical model showing the relationship of the otolith size and fish length will enable fisheries biologists to know the size of the fish that has been eaten an information which important for fish biologists.

Assessment of marine environment by ABC (abundance biomass comparison) analysis—A case study on western offshore area of Arabian Sea

Assessment of the variations in marine ecosystem can be effectively monitored using benthic fauna because pollutants from any source will ultimately end in the seabed. The benthic communities play an important role in the transfer of materials from primary production through detrital pool into higher tropic levels, including commercially exploitable fish. Majority of the benthic fauna are sedentary and sessile in nature and cannot avoid any environmental perturbation, hence are considered sensitive indicator of change in the environment caused by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Based on the analysis of abundance and biomass of benthic communities, one very important and effective study in analyzing marine environment i.e. ABC (Abundance-Biomass Comparison) has been adopted in this paper.

THE USE OF MODIS DATA TO EXTRACT A DUST STORM PRODUCT

Iraq in the summer is affected by low pressure centered in the area of Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, and the high pressure region in the plateau of Anatolia. This climate system causes that the Shamal wind blows from the plateau of Anatolia in the north and northwest with relatively cold temperature. From mid-June to mid-September, the wind is accompanied with intensive heating of the earth surface causing dust storms rising up to thousand meters in the atmosphere above Iraq region. In recent years, the frequency of dust storm events was increased in Iraq and its surrounding regions due to the long drought seasons. Unsupervised classification method was used to determine the intensity of the dust storm and to identify the area of dust cloud. In this study, we were able to map dust storm over Iraq region using MODIS Terra and Aqua satellite data within thermal bands (band 31 and 32), and visible band VIS (band 1). Other thermal band (band 21) was used to produce RGB composite image specifying the dust storm. A spectral subtraction between two bands was also used to produce another RGB composite image to obtain better detection for the dust storm over Iraq region.

A Comparative Evaluation of the Geotechnical Index Properties of Clayey Sediments along the West Coast of India

Sediment core samples collected during geotechnical surveys along the West Coast of India in the near shore areas of Arabian Sea have generated data on the geotechnical index properties of clayey sediments up to nearly 5 m depth below seafloor. A comparative study of three sectors within themselves is attempted before carrying out a final evaluation between the sectors. Cohesive clayey sediments of Gujarat sector are comparable though widely variant in a few aspects; in the Maharashtra-Goa-Karnataka sector though, plasticity levels and clay type vary, and activity and consistency levels are quite similar. Though broadly comparable, the clayey sediments of Kerala-Tamilnadu sector have quite diverse characteristics that fail to conform to any particular pattern as each area has an exclusive set of geotechnical properties.

A study of an INDOEX period with aerosol transport to the eastern Mediterranean area

Forward trajectories of the air masses from the Arabian Sea area were computed for each day from February 1 to April 10, 1999. This allowed the determination of the episodes characterized by the air mass transport to Africa and the Mediterranean region. Numerical simulation of one of such episodes, also characterized by intense cyclone and dust plume development, was performed using the Eta weather and dust predicting system. The simulation allowed an evaluation of the vertical distribution of the pollutants in the cyclone. Backward trajectories, ending in the area of the cyclone development point to the origin of a part of its air masses over the Arabian Sea. Potential role of the eastern Mediterranean weather systems in the transport to Europe of the polluted air masses from the INDOEX area is discussed.

Arms transfers and international behavior in the Arabian sea area

International arms transfers to the major Arabian Sea nations reported by SIPRI for the period 1948–1978 are correlated with measures of international conflict and cooperation provided by the COPDAB events data summaries. In general the correlations between the two are found to be strong, with many correlations significant at the .001 level. The best predictor is the number of arms transfers, rather than the quantity of different types of weapons transferred. The order of the importance of various types of weapons (air, sea, land) is relatively consistent across different indicators. Correlations are highest with political and military conflict behavior, and generally higher for conflictual than for cooperative behavior. Generally transfers correlate with subsequent international behavior rather than previous international behavior. Within the Arabian Sea area, the correlations are strongest in the Middle East and weakest in the Horn of Africa. Correlations are generally higher when the transfer data is smoothed using a 3‐year centered moving average, though unsmoothed data does almost as well.

Atmospheric general circulation model simulations with an interactive ocean: Effects of sea surface temperature anomalies in the arabian sea

Abstract Three different simulations using an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) with a 65‐m deep interactive ocean have been analysed for a 4‐month period (April‐July) in the Arabian Sea area. Although the ocean model contains no dynamics, it accounts indirectly for the transport of heat due to dynamic processes such as upwelling and horizontal advection. The first simulation does not include ocean heat transport, and the SST increases too much during the 4‐month period. The second simulation includes oceanic heat transport, and the final SST field is within a few per cent of the climatological SST field. The ocean transports are obtained by assuming that they are the differences between the vertical heat fluxes across the air‐sea interface as calculated from the GCM and the change in heat content of a 65‐m deep interactive ocean. The third simulation incorporates an initial negative SST anomaly into the ocean model with transport and analyses the effect of this anomaly on the ocean and the atmo...