Arab Perspective Research Articles

Arabs and Crusades through the Eyes of Ibn Al Qalanasi and Ibn Al Athir

The research paper explores the Arab perspective of the Crusades, loss of Arab territories, and the impact of Crusades on the Arab states. It also includes fall of Tripoli, fall and reconquest of Jerusalem. The research consists of first 4 Crusades, the Arab leaders during that period, internal rivalries and the root of Order of Assassins. The research paper takes into account the written documents of two of the famous chroniclers of Arab world- Ibn Al Athir, and Ibn Al Qalanisi.

Mediated Clash of Civilizations: Examining the Proximity-Visual Framing Nexus in Al Jazeera Arabic and Fox News’ Coverage of the 2021 Gaza War

The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is amongst the most polarizing topics today, particularly when comparing predominant U.S. and Arab perspectives. News media are often criticized for being pro-Israel or pro-Palestine, and more so during deadly wars. This study examines all 320 images Al Jazeera Arabic and Fox News put out in their articles covering the May 2021 Gaza War and investigates how Qatar and the U.S.’s proximity to Israel and Palestine factored into the outlets’ visual framing choices. Despite both invoking the David and Goliath master narrative, they provided a polarized coverage of the war, with Al Jazeera proliferating narratives of Hamas and pro-Palestine supporters and exclusively foregrounding the suffering of Palestinian civilians, and Fox legitimating Israeli military actions and presenting Hamas as a terrorizing force that disrupts the lives of Israelis as well as wreaks havoc and fuels anti-Jewish sentiments in the U.S. After dissecting the cross-cultural differences in death and dying portrayals, displays of Israelis and Palestinians, and recurrent visual themes, the study concludes with a discussion on the influence of news agencies on media’s photographic decisions and the implications of extreme alignment in the proximity-framing nexus on the propagation of mediated clash of civilizations in the digital news sphere.

Tawhid in Arabic Persfective: Semantic Studies

This research was conducted to examine the meaning of the word Tawhid in the Arabic language perspective and understand in depth the nature of the word Tawhid in various semantic linguistic perspectives of the Arabic language. This research is a qualitative research with the method used, namely the descriptive method of analysis. The method is used in analyzing the word Tawhid in various perspectives, especially in the Arabic perspective. The meaning of Tawhid contained in several Arabic dictionaries is very varied. Researchers use semantic analysis derived from several dictionaries, sharaf books, and the perspectives of experts who can be analyzed that the word "توحيد" is isim masdar, and is called the word "توحيد" because the true meaning of the word tawhid is to discuss God. In Arabic, the word Allah is isim so it can be said, the word tawhid is given to Allah. Therefore, the science of tawhid is a science that includes a discussion of the dzat-dzat of Allah, the asthma of Allah and af'al Allah and also the science that believes in the existence of Allah. The researchers concluded that the basic meaning of the word Tawhid is to worship God with the total belief that there is "There is no God but Allah".
 

Opinions on intelligence: An Arab perspective

The issue of cultural differences in how the concept of intelligence is understood has long been debated. But do such differences really exist and, if so, to what extent do they exist and between which cultures are they the most pronounced? To better understand this, we translated a survey from Warne and Burton (2020) on beliefs about intelligence into Arabic, distributed it among psychology and non-psychology students and lecturers at universities within the Arab world, and compared our results with those from the US given by Warne and Burton, and with the current state of research. The survey consisted of 83 items about theories regarding the meaning and testing of intelligence. From our sample of up to 327 Arabic-speaking participants, we found that replies are overall similar to those from the US (r = .59; Nitems = 63), while both samples showed hardly any congruence with the current state of research. Agreements between the Arab and US-sample are mostly to be found on questions in which abilities are seen as important components of intelligence, while Arabs question the predictive validity of IQ test scores for life success much more than do their Western counterparts. Based on our results, we conclude that there is little evidence for the existence of cultural bias in points of view about intelligence research and that the concept of cultural non-transferability – or “cultural bias” – must be examined more critically.

American Fiction and Cultural Transfer: An Arabic Perspective to Alan Lightman, Ernest Hemingway, and Mark Twain

Our article deals with the complexities of the process of reception of American fiction in the Arab world, viewed as cultural transfer, closely related with the circulation of knowledge between the Arab countries and the Western world, in which the Arabic rendering mediates between cultures by a process of interpretation and paraphrasing of the text in the sourcelanguage. We carefully consider the process of Arabization, and the strategies of domestication and foreignization as defined by Lawrence Venuti. Ample space is devoted to the contributions of two emblematic translators from English into Arabic: dr. Ali Al-Qasimi and his theory of translation as naturalization, and Ihsan Abbas. The practical examples have been chosen from the Arabic renderings of Alan Lightman’s Einstein’s Dreams, Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea, Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Cartooning and sexism in the time of Covid-19: Metaphors and metonymies in the Arab mind.

Using a large-scale corpus of 706 coronavirus cartoons by male and female Arab artists, this study takes a fresh and more cognitive look at sexism in multimodal discourse. Specifically, it examines the role of salience and grammar (and hence of metaphor and metonymy) in gender bias and/or in discrimination against women. It argues that both men and women are vulnerable to the influence of stereotypical and outdated beliefs that create unconscious bias. But this raises the crucial issue of whether we can speak of 'overt' sexism in images. Issues around terminology and conceptualization are thus also investigated. Importantly, this paper makes the following contributions to feminist and cross-cultural pragmatics: (i) it brings a distinctly Arabic perspective to gender and language; (ii) it expands socio-cognitive pragmatics beyond spoken and written communication; (iii) it shows a close coupling between an Arabic grammar and other aspects of culture; and (iv) it has the potential for impact beyond academia, specifically in the sphere of coronavirus care or of health communication.

The theory of mental spaces in Arabic cognitive linguistic research between theory and application.

The continuous development of linguistics has produced many branches of science, most recently cognitive linguistics with the theories based on it for studying semantics and syntax.
 Accordingly, this article deals with the theory of mental spaces (MS) from an applied and theoretical Arabic perspective. As one of the theories of cognitive linguistics, the purpose of this research is to determine the value of MS theory in Arabic research through the field of cognitive linguistics. Knowing the nature of the Arab reception of this theory is based on the following questions: what is MS theory and its procedures? What is the Arabic perception of MS theory in Arabic linguistic research? What is the nature of the Arabic application of MS theory?
 The answer to these questions required a descriptive approach to determining the status of Arab reception of MS theory, and the most important result was that the theory of MS did not receive sufficient and comprehensive Arab linguistic study of all its issues.

An Examination of the Impact of Culture on Early Intervention Programmes—An Islamic Arabic Perspective from Jordan

An Examination of the Impact of Culture on Early Intervention Programmes—An Islamic Arabic Perspective from Jordan

Destined Failure of Interactions between Israeli-Arabs and Jews— An Analysis on Creative Works’ Presentation of Issues from the Jewish Side

Sociological research have investigated factors to account for the ethnographic conflicts between Jews and Arabs in Israel. Different from previous studies, this paper inquires the factors on the Jewish side that prevent successful interaction between the two ethnographic groups by looking at crucial scenes in creative works of books and films produced by Israeli authors/directors. The first scene is from the Jewish perspective in Amos Oz’s memoir A Tale of Love and Darkness, in which young Oz, a Jewish boy, attempts to interact with Aisha, a young Israeli-Arab girl, but eventually failed because of an accident. The second scene is from a short Israeli film Bus Station which, from an outsider perspective, depicted a brief encounter between an Arab woman and a Jewish woman in Jerusalem. The third scene is the initially successful yet eventually failed relationship between Eyad, a Palestinian boy, and Naomi, a Jewish girl, in an elite Israeli high school from the 2014 film A Borrowed Identity, which is depicted through Eyad’s Arab perspective. Through the analysis of these three narratives, this paper argues that the burden of national responsibility, family influences, and Israeli government’s discriminatory policies are the three main factors on the Jewish side, in ascender order of importance, that make Arab-Jewish interaction hard in Israel.

Perbandingan Maf'ul Mutlaq Bahasa Arab dan Cognate Object Bahasa Inggris serta Analisis Sintaksis Maf'ul Mutlaq pada Juz 'Amma

This article aims to discuss the concept of absolute objects or maf'ul muthlaq in the Arabic perspective and analyze the examples in the Alquran, especially in juz Amma. Besides that, this article is also enriched with a comparative analysis between the concept of maf'ul muthlaq and the concept of cognate objects in English which are considered to have some similarities. In writing this article, the author uses descriptive qualitative approaches and types of library research. Data collected from primary and secondary sources include: articles in scientific journals relating to the study of nahwu and grammar, Arabic language books both in Indonesian as well as Arabic, seminar proceedings, scientific papers and so on. Furthermore, the data is read repeatedly, compared then analyzed to formulate conclusion. The finding shows that there are 15 maf'ul muthlaq case in juz Amma scattered in 8 surahs. 11 of them are maf'ul muthlaq as an affirmation and the remaining 4 are maf'ul muthlaq in qualitative meaning. All of them use fathah grammatical markers. The absolute object or maf'ul muthlaq and cognate object have similarities and differences. The similarities are in terms of the forming verb stem and the meaning of the absolute object itself as an explanatory type. While the differences are in the type of verb that can nominalize as an absolute object itself and its function as an affirmation and explanation of numbers.

Changes in Turkish Regional Policy from an Arab Perspective in the aftermath of Arab Uprisings

This study presents Arab perspectives on changes in Turkish policy in the Middle East from 2010 until 2020. It examines how Arab countries perceive changes in Turkish regional policy after the 2010–11 uprisings. Unlike Western and Turkish literature that has highlighted identity–security combinations behind changes in Turkish regional policy, this study argues that the Arabic research literature provides a different perspective. Based on a foreign policy analysis concept of operational milieu, this study argues that Arab countries negatively perceive the changes in Turkish policy due to structural transformations in the region during and after the uprisings that paved the way for the reemergence of psychological barriers between both sides.

A Critical Appraisal of Al-Masudi’s Perception of Northern India: A Special Study on Multan

Arab writers contributed significantly in the development of Indian historiography during the early medieval period. Among these Arab historiographers were historians, travellers, visitors, administrators, businessmen and warriors who came to India between 9th and 12th centuries. These individuals provided important information about the socio-political and religious life of Indians. This record has paramount importance for understanding India, especially from Arab perspectives. Al-Masudi (d. 345/956) is a central Arab historiographer of India who personally visited India. His historiography is based on his personal observation and first-hand reports of his visit to Multan and all that he witnessed. This paper aims to provide a critical appraisal of al-Masudi’s perception of Northern India. A careful study of Muruj al-Dhahab has been conducted to determine al-Masudi’s understanding of Northern India, with particular reference to Multan.

Arabic Perspective of Names with Reference to English

Though there are some similarities between 'name' and 'noun', there are a lot of differences too. They are treated in the same way just to refer to a word by which a person, animal, place or thing is known. but to think about them in a different way is connected with the levels of language. The use of 'name' is very familiar to semantics, while the use of 'noun' in grammar is found or happening over a large area. (Flanagan, 1972: 48).It is important to focus attention on semantic aspect to deal with names – origin in order to find out more knowledge and facts.The study aims at showing names- origin out of the following points:(a) how did names appear, (b) names of gender, (c)Time, (d) place and (e) position of names in relation to language .it is hypothesized that the notion of names-origin is used in both Arabic and English, yet it is realized differently.The notion of names-origin seems to be much more important in Arabic than to be in English.The use of names-origin may have a vital role to show the absolute difference between Arabic and English.The basic findings arrived at are as follows: (1) it is possible to convey new things in both Arabic and English out of semantic points of view, (2) five important points which mentioned above are specified to be our data, and (3) The study of names – origin can be understood easily and the thoughts suggested may be successful in making the reader believe without having any suspicion in contrast to English which undergoes many difficulties to be conceived well.

Translation as a Soft Power to Westernise Local Identities: An Arab Perspective

Translation theory and practice have become so westernised that there is almost one, and one only, way for the flow of information regarding the discipline. In a globalised world, translation can be used as a form of soft power to serve the dominant power's interests. This study aims to investigate translation theory and practice as a soft power from an Arab point of view. In so doing, it raises questions about the extent to which translation as such is westernized, and about the implications for local identities. The study's theoretical framework is based on Venuti's concepts of 'the scandals of translation', 'domestication' and 'foreignisation'. It is a qualitative study with different tools of analysis. First, it utilises a descriptive approach to the history of translation theories. Second, it analyses and compares the content of source texts written in the hegemonic language of the Empire, English, and their corresponding target texts in the less hegemonic language, Arabic, and vice versa. The implications are 'scandalous' on the Arab identity and image

An Arab perspective on social media: How banks in Kuwait use instagram for public relations

This study examines the public relations functions of eight Kuwaiti banks listed in the Kuwait Stock Exchange Market (KSEM) that post on their Instagram accounts. It also uses market-size, organization, and individual level predictors to model Instagram postings. A content analysis of 1502 posts revealed the banks use Instagram for promotion, information dissemination, community building, and interactive engagement, in that order of prominence. The findings suggest banks operate at the confluence of visual communication through Instagram and integration of religious symbolism to serve a public relations function predicated on image and influence. In doing so, the banks tap into the wellspring of social media use by target publics by navigating a balance between obedience to Allah and meeting bank business objectives. The resulting tension between sacred and secular highlights Arab cultural values and suggests Instagram fosters individualism, which challenges Arab emphasis on collectivism and fractures the notion online platforms can effectively build meaningful relationships that characterize Arab culture. The study posits Instagram is more effective in an Arab context at image building than relationship building, threading the importance of visual communication through social media across Arab culture and global public relations practices.

Continuous Intention of Entry-Level MIS Professionals to Stay Working in the MIS Field

While many studies focused on what is management information system (MIS) major, how it attracts potential students, and describes needed skills, the perceptions of fresh MIS graduates' continuous intention to stay working in the field, especially in developing countries has not yet been studied empirically. In addition, there seems to be minimal effort investigating the issue from the Arab perspective. This article is the first that develops a continuous model and is built upon the expectation confirmation model and other subsequent efforts. This model links three external variables, among them two new ones: skill-job fit, Wasta, and computer self-efficacy. This model was validated using a sample of 105 graduates in Kuwait. Results reveal that the new cultural variable “Wasta” has impact on continuous intention through the mediation of satisfaction, while skill job and computer self-efficacy affect continuous intention through the mediation of expectation and confirmation, and the skill-job fit exert the strongest impact on intention. This research is expected to advance both theory and practice.

Arabic Perspective Of Names With Reference To English

Arabic Perspective Of Names With Reference To English

Oriental Neighbors: Middle Eastern Jews and Arabs in Mandatory Palestine

Oriental Neighbors: Middle Eastern Jews and Arabs in Mandatory Palestine

The Historicity of the Qur'an in Socio-Cultural of Arab Perspective

Most thinkers former Muslims are not able to escape the "sanctity" the text of the Qur’an, so that in researching the texts of the Qur’an they are not able to get out of the sanctity of the Qur’an as Allah's revelation. However, there are some Muslim scholars to position the text of the Qur’an as a text to be studied scientifically. Among these scientist is Khalil Abdul Karim, who explains that the Qur'an describes many stories of people who indicated earlier that Islam is not a new pure religion. Khalil Abdul Karim explained that the historicity contained in the Qur'an shows that the Islamic religion is closely related to the life or customs of the Arabs before Islam arrived. This article suggests that historicity of the Qur'an which is evidence that the majority of Islamic law derived from the Arabs in pre-Islamic Arab socio-cultural perspective study, thought Khalil Abdul Karim. Exploration data obtained from several sources, are analyzed using the content analysis, the process of decomposition of the data, drafting and preparation in a new way. The steps taken in the content analysis covering, open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.The results showed that the thought of Khalil Abdul Karim caused a variety of responses from various groups, both positive and negative responses. In analyzing the texts of the Qur’an, Khalil Abdul Karim use asbab al-nuzul rules who is no stranger to the science of the Qur'an. Khalil Abdul Karim takes a historical approach in their search, so the kind of thought saying that the tradition of pre-Islamic Arab tribes was the forerunner to the practice of sharia law, which includes worship, social, punishment, war and politics. In other words, Islam legalize the tradition of pre-Islamic Arab tribes as sharia law, either with or without slightest revision.

Patient-centered infertility care from an Arab perspective: A review study

Abstract Background Patient-centeredness was listed as the sixth quality element by the Institute of Medicine in 2001. Cultural differences should be acknowledged when defining patient-centeredness. Although there are numerous sources of literature that studied patient-centered infertility care, few include members of the Arab population. Objectives This review aims to answer two questions: What do Arab patients prefer, value, and expect from infertility medical care? How was patient-centered infertility care studied in Arab patients? Search strategy A systematic search was conducted on seven electronic databases published up until March 2017. Selection criteria Studies evaluated the infertile patients' preferences and expectations concerning infertility care. Participants were Arab patients who sought care for infertility. The outcome was patient-centered infertility care. Data collection and analysis The reviewers carried out data extraction of specific outcomes and evaluated each study using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Main results A total of 629 citations were identified. However, only 6 were eligible for analysis. All studies were monocentric. All but one of them were quantitative. The patient-centered care outcome measures in most of the studies were respect for patients’ preferences and/or physical comfort concerning a specified diagnostic or therapeutic intervention. Only one study explored patients’ experiences and found that emotional support, information, communication, education, and coordination and integration of care were appreciated dimensions. Conclusions We found that no study comprehensively described what infertile Arab couples prefer, need, and value. A contributing factor to this conclusion may be in the methodologies used. Further studies are needed to adequately answer the research questions.