Arab-Israeli Research Articles

Latin America and a new round of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict

Latin America and a new round of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict

The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict of 2023: The Response of Global and Regional Actors

The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict of 2023: The Response of Global and Regional Actors

Herding behavior in cryptocurrency market: evidence from COVID-19, Russia–Ukraine war, and Palestine–Israel conflict

Herding behavior in cryptocurrency market: evidence from COVID-19, Russia–Ukraine war, and Palestine–Israel conflict

Perlindungan Tawanan Perang dalam Konflik Israel-Palestina Berdasarkan Hukum Humaniter Internasional dan Hukum Islam

This study examines the treatment of prisoners of war (POWs) in the Israel-Palestine conflict through the frameworks of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and Islamic law. Both legal systems emphasize humane treatment for POWs; however, reports indicate severe rights violations against Palestinian detainees in Israel, including torture and inhumane conditions. Conversely, Hamas is reported to treat POWs by relatively higher standards. By integrating IHL and Islamic principles, this research provides a novel perspective on legal and ethical dimensions in POW treatment amid a prolonged conflict. Findings underscore the urgent need for enforcing humane standards to curb human rights abuses. Although based on secondary data, the study emphasizes the importance of further primary-source research and calls for enhanced international monitoring and strict adherence to IHL to ensure legal protections for POWs in active conflict zones.

Implementation of Sharia Economic Law Principles in Overcoming the Economic Impact of the Palestinian Israeli Conflict

This study discusses the implementation of Sharia Economic Law principles in overcoming the economic impact of the prolonged Palestinian-Israeli conflict. This conflict has not only destroyed the economic infrastructure in Palestine, but has also led to social difficulties and prolonged political instability. Through a qualitative approach and case study method, this study explores the role of zakat and waqf as short-term and long-term solutions in the recovery of the Palestinian economy. The results of the study show that zakat plays an important role in meeting the basic needs of people affected by conflict, while waqf supports the development of social infrastructure such as schools and hospitals. However, the implementation of these principles is still faced with challenges, especially related to economic blockades and political instability. Therefore, it is necessary to increase Islamic financial literacy, strengthen regulations, and international cooperation to maximize the role of Sharia Economic Laws in economic recovery in conflict areas.

Exploring Peace Journalism Practices in Reporting on the Israel-Palestine Conflict

This research examines the application of peace journalism principles in the coverage of the Israel-Palestine conflict during the period of 2023–2024, a time marked by renewed tensions and global attention. Drawing on Johan Galtung’s framework, the study evaluates how major international news outlets, including The New York Times, The Guardian, Al Jazeera, BBC News, and Haaretz, report on the conflict, focusing on criteria such as the emphasis on peace initiatives, avoidance of demonization, use of multi-perspectivity, avoidance of victimization language, and use of de-escalation language. Through content analysis of 200 articles, the study reveals significant variations in adherence to peace journalism principles across different news outlets and temporal phases of the conflict. While BBC News and The Guardian demonstrated strong adherence to peace journalism principles, Al Jazeera exhibited lower adherence in certain areas. The findings underscore the challenges and potential of implementing peace journalism in conflict reporting and highlight the role of educational initiatives in promoting balanced and constructive media representation. Overall, the study contributes to the discourse on media ethics and the role of journalism in conflict zones, providing insights to inform future reporting practices and promote understanding and reconciliation.

Arab–Israeli Normalization, Repression, and Impunity

Diplomatic normalization between Israel and Arab states, most recently in the 2020 Abraham Accords, has been hailed as a mutually beneficial form of peacemaking. But these “peace deals” often result in repression of Arab public support for the Palestinian cause, while reinforcing authoritarianism in both Israel and the Arab world.

Analisis Kalimat "From the River to the Sea, Palestine Will be Free" dalam Perspektif Ilmu Komunikasi

The prolonged conflict between Israel and Palestine has produced various narratives and slogans that reflect aspirations, demands, and resistance, one of which is the phrase “From the River to the Sea, Palestine Will be Free.” This slogan is known to have strong political appeal because it holds an explicit message related to Palestinian independence aspirations. From a communication science perspective, it is important to understand how this phrase constructs and communicates meaning and how it is received among diverse audiences. This research aims to analyze the slogan through the perspective of political communication, framing theory, and social identity theory, in order to examine its impact and communication implications in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The research method uses a qualitative approach with literature study as the main method. Data collection is done through documentation techniques on various written sources, which are then analyzed through three steps, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the phrase “From the River to the Sea, Palestine Will be Free” is often used in the pro-Palestinian movement as a symbol of freedom aspirations, and serves as an effective communication tool to build identity, mobilize solidarity, and influence public perception regarding complex political issues. The conclusion of this study confirms that the slogan has an important role in shaping political narratives and creating a significant communication impact in the dynamics of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Reshaping the European Union Landscape: The Rise of Far-Right Movements and Their Potential Impact on Middle East Policy

The rise of far-right parties within the European Union has raised significant concerns about potential shifts in EU foreign policy, particularly with regard to the Middle East. This development challenges the core values of the EU and has the potential to markedly reshape its diplomatic strategies, aid distribution, and regional engagement. This analysis examines key areas of Middle East policy likely to be influenced by the growing presence of far-right parties in EU institutions, including immigration and refugee policies, the EU's stance on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, relations with Iran, and involvement in peace processes in the region. Additionally, the study emphasizes potential shifts in power dynamics within EU decision-making bodies concerning Middle East policy, underscoring the urgency of the issue. The hypotheses suggest that the increased influence of far-right parties may result in more restrictive immigration policies, stronger pro-Israel positions, a more confrontational approach towards Iran, diminished EU involvement in Middle East peace initiatives, and a reduction in regional financial aid. The research also explores the likelihood of greater bilateral engagement between individual EU member states and Middle Eastern countries, which could weaken the EU's common foreign policy and lead to a more fragmented regional strategy. This study highlights the critical importance of understanding the complexities of this phenomenon, as the mainstreaming of far-right ideologies has profound implications for European politics and the EU’s role in the Middle East. Addressing these challenges is essential for safeguarding the EU’s foundational values and maintaining its ability to navigate intricate geopolitical landscapes.

Articulating a Delicate Balancing Act: Identity and Ontological Insecurity in Germany’s Narrative Responses to Israel 1993–2023

ABSTRACT This article analyses how German politicians have responded, through the use of political narratives, to notable developments in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict over a period of 30 years. Conceptually engaging with the literature on identity, ontological (in)security, and narratives, we explore how narratives have been utilised in Germany to mitigate situations which cause normative dissonance, thereby challenging the stability of Germany’s autobiographical narrative, such as Israeli military campaigns or tensions between Israel and Palestine. In the first systematic narrative analysis on this topic, we look at 267 German parliamentary speeches between 1993 and 2023. The article shows how German politicians and political parties developed specific coping strategies to uphold solidarity with Israel, while overall ensuring a stable and coherent narrative of Germany’s national identity. We conceptualise Germany's narrative engagement as the articulation of a delicate ‘balancing act’. Specifically, politicians navigate competing perceived responsibilities and commitments through prioritisation and narrative adaptation.

Sentiment Analysis of Indonesian Responses to the Conflict in Palestine Using KNN and SVM Methods

The prolonged conflict between Palestine and Israel has attracted worldwide attention, including Indonesia, which has a history of strong support for the Palestinian cause. This study aims to analyze the sentiment of Indonesian people towards the Palestinian-Israeli conflict using the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods. The subject of this research is user data X (Twitter) which contains opinions about the conflict. After preprocessing, weighting, and labeling, 2960 tweets were collected and classified into three sentiment categories: positive, negative, and neutral. The KNN+SVM method is applied to classify the sentiment of the processed tweet data. The results showed that of the 2960 data analyzed, 33.8% were labeled positive, 38.9% were labeled negative, and 27.4% were labeled neutral with 82% accuracy, 83% precision, 82% recall, and 82% F1-Score. These results show that the majority of Indonesians tend to be negative in expressing their views on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. This analysis provides greater insight into sentiment patterns in Indonesian responses to sensitive issues, and contributes to the study of public opinion and social dynamics on social media.

Self-Rated Health and Mortality Among Older Adults in Israel: A Comparison Between Jewish and Arab Populations.

Background: Self-rated health (SRH) has been shown to predict mortality across a lifespan. However, its predictive value might differ between populations. We compared the association between SRH and mortality in Israeli Jewish and Arab older adults (65+). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among Jewish (n = 1463) and Arab (n = 298) participants in the first National Health and Nutrition Survey of Older Adults (2005-2006). SRH was measured on a four-point scale. Mortality data were available from baseline (2005-2006) through 2019. A survival analysis was performed using Cox models. Results: Mean baseline age (SD) was 75 (6) years among Jewish participants (54% women) and 72 (5) years among Arab participants (50% women). Jewish participants were more likely to rate their health as not good (35% vs. 29%) or poor (11% vs. 8%) than Arab participants (p = 0.01). During a median follow-up of 13.3 years, 896 deaths occurred; 744 in the Jewish group (mean age [SD] 77.8 [6.6] years) and 152 in the Arab group (mean age [SD] 74.0 [5.2] years). The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for mortality in the Arab vs. Jewish participants was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.12-1.60). Mortality risk increased with declining SRH, with multivariable-adjusted HRs in the lowest vs. most-favorable SRH categories of 2.46 (95% CI: 1.66-3.63) in the Jewish sample and 2.60 (95% CI: 0.98-6.93) in the Arab sample. Conclusions: Although Jewish participants reported poorer SRH, their survival rate was better than Arab participants. Lower SRH was consistently and strongly associated with higher mortality in both groups in a dose-response manner.

Escalation of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict: operation “Home and Garden”

Escalation of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict: operation “Home and Garden”

Value incoherence precedes value change: Evidence from value development in childhood and adolescence across cultures

We test the theory that personality incoherence may instigate personality change in the context of personal values. Values’ near-universal organization makes value incoherence assessment straightforward. The study included 13 longitudinal samples from seven cultures (Australia, Israel Palestinian citizens, Israel Jewish majority, Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Switzerland), total N = 7,126, and T1 M age ranging between 6 and 18. Each participant reported values between two- and six-times. Using unfolding analysis, we calculated the fit of the internal value structure of each participant at the first time point to the value structure in their sample (normative structure) and to the theoretical structure of values. We estimated value change using Growth Curve Modeling (when at least three measurement times were available) and the difference between T1 and T2 in each sample. We correlated value incoherence with value change and estimated the effect across samples using a meta-analysis. Incoherence with the structure of values predicted greater value change. The associations were stronger when participant’s value structures were compared to the normative value structure at T1 than when they were compared to the theoretical structure. A meta-regression analysis indicated that effects were not moderated by age. We discuss possible underlying processes and implications for personality development.

Evaluating Growth and Crisis Risk Dynamics of Sustainable Climate Exchange-Traded Funds

This study evaluates the dynamic risk spillovers and interconnectedness of environmental, social, and governance exchange-traded funds (ESG-ETFs) markets during two significant geopolitical conflicts, the Israel–Palestine and the Russia–Ukraine conflicts, alongside an extended analysis of the full period from July 2020 to October 2024. We investigate how crises transmit risks to the market by using the Total Connectedness Index (TCI) and net spillover measures. Our findings reveal a consistently high level of market interdependence. TCI values rose from 65.71% during the Israel–Palestine conflict to 67.28% in the full sample, indicating intensified risk sharing among markets as crises evolve. The markets “Deka MSCI World Climate Change ESG UCITS ETF (D6RP)” and “Amundi MSCI World SRI Climate Net Zero Ambition PAB UCITS ETF EUR Acc (XAMB)” emerge as prominent risk transmitters across all periods, actively spreading volatility throughout the system in both the crisis. In contrast, the markets “Amundi MSCI World Climate Transition CTB—UCITS ETF DR—EUR-C (LWCR)” and “Franklin STOXX Europe 600 Paris Aligned Climate UCITS ETF (PARI)” are primary risk receivers, absorbing a substantial portion of the instability in the Israel–Palestine and Russia–Ukraine conflicts. These dynamics underscore the shifting roles of financial markets during prolonged geopolitical tensions. These findings highlight the necessity of monitoring global markets, particularly during geopolitical shocks, to mitigate systemic risk and effectively navigate financial instability.

STARBUCKS INDONESIA'S BREWING CONTROVERSY : EXPLORING THE CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND PRODUCT PERCEPTION IN THE SHADOW OF THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT

The main objective of this study is to examine how the role and influence of religiosity, consumer animosity and consumer ethnocentrism on the assessment of Starbucks Indonesia products that affect consumer purchasing behavior after the Israeli-Palestinian conflict broke out again in October 2023. Considering Indonesia is the biggest country with Muslim population in the world, how will it react to such a global brand, the biggest coffee corporation in the world and what drives them. The research using quantitative method with validated questionnaires derived from literature is used for data collection. Data were collected from 250 respondents Starbucks Indonesia consumers who are Muslims. This research using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with a focus on Partial Least Squares (PLS) for framework analysis. The study attempts to add value and give comprehensive details to the existing literature on consumer behavior, especially the role of religiosity, animosity, and ethnocentrism among consumers in Indonesia. The research emphasizes the importance of understanding consumer behavior in diverse cultural contexts and aims to guide brand managers in developing targeted strategies to navigate potential challenges arising from religiously motivated consumer sentiments in the aftermath of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The practical implications suggest that brand managers should adopt nuanced marketing strategies in conflict-affected regions, recognizing the diverse consumer sentiments and tailoring campaigns accordingly. Effective communication and CSR initiatives are crucial for maintaining brand loyalty and trust, with a focus on community engagement and interfaith projects. Additionally, ongoing research and feedback mechanisms are essential to monitor and adapt to the changing consumer sentiments in these regions.

Re-imaging a country beyond its conflict: evaluation of an Israeli public diplomacy intervention for youth in Germany

AbstractOutcome evaluations of public diplomacy programs remain scarce. Addressing this gap, this study evaluated Israel Project Day, a seminar-based Israeli intervention designed to improve Israel's image among German youth. The intervention provides a unique real-world application of the “Life in Israel” model that spotlights Israel’s cultural diversity and achievements beyond the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Utilizing a quasi-experimental pre-post design and mixed-linear models, the study shows that participation significantly improved overall attitudes toward Israel, interest in Israeli society, and perceptions of Israel as a democratic, multicultural, and safe place. Although the program avoided direct conflict-related messages, it facilitated more favorable views on Israel's policies in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, demonstrating potential spillover effects to the conflictual-political realm. Additionally, effects on German-Israeli cooperation and responsibility were modest, highlighting a challenge for the Israeli-German unique relationship. Finally, the effects on interest in Israeli society and politics and support for German-Israel cooperation were stronger for participants with low media exposure. By moving away from conflict-centric presentations and focusing on contributions and advancements, nations like Israel can potentially cultivate a more positive national image. Practical implications are discussed for crafting impactful outreach, upscaling, and sustaining flexible efforts attuned to sociopolitical developments and challenges.

Elite-public gaps in attitudes towards Israel and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: new evidence from a survey of Czech parliamentarians and citizens

ABSTRACT The Czech Republic is known for its strong support of Israel, but it is unclear if Czech politicians and the public share this stance equally. We conducted a survey of Czech citizens and members of parliament on attitudes towards Israel and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The results show that parliamentarians are more supportive of pro-Israel policies, blame Palestinians more for the conflict and view Czech-Israel relations more positively than the general population. Our findings provide the first empirical evidence of a gap between elite and public attitudes towards Israel, contributing to debates on foreign policy preferences.

The Role of Cinematic Elements in Creating Sympathy for the Hero in Palestinian Narrative Films “Paradise Now Film” as a Model: Analytical Study

Objectives: The study aimed to explain the role of cinematic elements in creating sympathy among the audience with the hero in Palestinian feature films by studying the film “Paradise Now” as a model. Methods: Employing an analytical approach, the research utilized content analysis—a form of scientific research—to describe the explicit content of the media material being analyzed. Results: Cinematic elements significantly contributed to crafting a realistic cinematic illusion, incorporating plot, image, sound, and landscape design to complete the realistic picture and create a sense of sympathy for the audience with the martyr hero. The study identified eight issues in "Paradise Now," comprising six social and two political issues related to Palestinian rights and resistance to occupation. The film employed conflict, human concerns, and values frameworks to present these issues. The role of cinematic elements in generating sympathy for the hero was underscored, emphasizing cinematic language as a tool to convey the message.. Conclusion: The studies concluded that cinematic elements play a major role in creating and simulating the cinematic illusion of reality. The study called on research centers and researchers interested in the Arab-Israeli conflict to conduct more media studies that present the details of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict in an impartial manner, and realistically document the violations and oppression practiced by Israel in the Palestinian territories against the Palestinians.

The influence of accent on the evaluation of trust-building efforts during conflict.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been an ongoing source of violence in the Middle East, claiming the lives of tens of thousands of people. As of late violence has escalated, with this year being one of the deadliest years in the conflict in decades. Therefore, now more than ever finding ways to bridge divides is essential to reduce the human suffering associated with the conflict. In this study we evaluated the impact of an important element of communication: accent. We demonstrate that the accent through which trust-building initiatives are communicated can inadvertently sway public opinion regarding their benefits. Jewish-Israelis listened to the same trust-building proposal communicated by a Palestinian delegate with varying degrees of Palestinian Arabic-accented Hebrew. When the same proposal came from a Palestinian delegate with a heavier accent, Jewish-Israelis thought this proposal was significantly worse for Israel than when it was offered by a Palestinian delegate who spoke Hebrew with no detectable, non-native accent. This effect was explained by differences in how the Palestinian delegate was judged depending on his accent. When the delegate spoke with heavier, Arabic-accented Hebrew, he was judged more harshly than when he spoke Hebrew with no such accent, which in turn reduced how favorably Jewish-Israelis evaluated the proposed measures. Our findings show that the way in which trust-building measures are communicated can shape how they are received and thus has direct implications for diplomatic efforts.