Arab Bureau Research Articles

الشراکات المدرسیة من خلال المشروعات الطلابیة(نموذج مقترح) School partnerships through student projects(A proposed model)

المستخلص: هذه دراسة نظرية تهدف إلى تصميم نموذج يحقق شراکات مدرسية فاعلة من خلال المشروعات الطلابية الناتجة عن تبني المدرسة للتعلم القائم على المشروعات، ويتوقع أن يحقق هذا النموذج المقترح تفعيلا للمشروعات الطلابية والشراکات المدرسية معا، واستثمارا للإمکانات المتوفرة في الشراکات المجتمعية للمدرسة. وقد تم تحديد عدد من المرتکزات الأساسية التي ينطلق منها النموذج والتي تمثل متطلبات لتحقيق الشراکات المدرسية، وبما يتوافق مع نموذج جويس إبيستن المنشور في کتاب(شراکات المدرسة والأسرة والمجتمع- دليلک العملي،2015) من ترجمة مکتب التربية العربي لدول الخليج.ويتألف النموذج المقترح من ثلاثة مکونات هي: نموذج إبيستن (2015) والمکون من ستة أنماط لتحقيق الشراکة بين المدرسة والبيت والمجتمع، وسميت أنماط الانخراط. الثاني: التعلم القائم على المشروعات، والذي يعد توجها تعلميا في وقتنا الحاضر، أثبت من خلال دراسات عديدة فاعليته في إکساب الطلاب مهارات التعلم ومهارات حياتية. الثالث: استمارات الممارسات لنموذج PSPS المقترح، وذلک من تصميم الباحث، بحيث يمکن التطبيق إما على مستوى أنماط الانخراط الستة (کلي) أو على مستوى بعض أنماط الانخراط(جزئي)، وذلک وفقا لأنماط الانخراط التي اقترحتها إبيستن(2015). وقد حاول البحث التوفيق بين الشراکات المجتمعية للمدرسة والتعلم القائم على المشروعات، وفي بناء استمارات التطبيق وتصميم خطة تطبيق نموذج PSPS المقترح. Abstract : This is a theoretical study aimed at designing a modethat achieves effective school partnerships through student projects resulting from the school's adoption of project-based learning. The proposed model is expected to achieve both student projects and school partnerships, and an investment in the potential of community partnerships for the school. A number of basic principles from which the model is based and which are requirements for school partnerships have been identified, in line with Joyce Eppstein's model published in the book School, Family and Community Partnerships - Your Practical Guide, Translation of the Arab Bureau of Education for the Gulf StatesThe proposed model consists of three components: the Episten, 2015 model, which consists of six types of partnership between school, home and society, and called the engagement patterns. Second: Project-based learning, which is a learning orientation in current time, has proved through many studies its effectiveness in providing students with learning and life skills. Third, practice forms of the proposed PSPS model, designed by the researcher, so that the application can be applied either at the level of the six engagement patterns (holistic) or at some levels of engagement (in part) according to the engagement patterns proposed by Epstein, 2015. The research attempted to reconcile school-based community partnerships with project-based learning, structure application forms and design the implementation plan of the proposed PSPS model

Oriental Neighbors: Middle Eastern Jews and Arabs in Mandatory Palestine

Oriental Neighbors: Middle Eastern Jews and Arabs in Mandatory Palestine

‘Smarter, Stronger, Kinder’

Abstract Heralding the imminent screening of a new series of Iftah ya Simsim (Open Sesame) for pre-schoolers on Gulf television in 2015, the managing director of the show’s production company described it as the culmination of ‘passion and commitment’ on the part of ‘dozens of individuals across international boundaries’ over four years. Joint efforts of individuals and institutions on that scale imply shared objectives. The publicly declared objective of the partner of Iftah ya Simsim, Sesame Workshop in New York, is to offer fun lessons that will make Gulf children ‘smarter, stronger and kinder’, a significant ambition given educational and health issues in parts of the region. Yet the reality of international collaboration made the project even more complex. My study explores the interests at stake in making the series, by Sesame Workshop, the Arab Bureau for Education in Gulf States based in Riyadh, and Bidaya Media, the Abu Dhabi-based joint venture created to produce the shows. I found that the challenge of collaboration was lessened because different institutions were responsible for different phases of the project, public narratives about it played down culturally-sensitive concerns that informed the curriculum underlying it, and widespread nostalgia linked to the 1970s version of the show implied that Iftah ya Simsim was itself part of Gulf traditions.

Oriental Neighbors: Middle East Jews and Arabs in Mandatory Palestine by Abigail Jacobson and Moshe Naor

Reviewed by: Oriental Neighbors: Middle East Jews and Arabs in Mandatory Palestine by Abigail Jacobson and Moshe Naor Liora R. Halperin Abigail Jacobson and Moshe Naor. Oriental Neighbors: Middle East Jews and Arabs in Mandatory Palestine Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2016. Xiv+ 286 pp. Cloth $95.00, paper $22.57, e-book $21.44. ISBN: 978-1512600063. The diverse Arabic-speaking Jews in the Middle East and North Africa, called Sephardim, Mizrahim, or Oriental Jews, depending on context, have often been presented as external to the Zionist project, victims of that [End Page 295] project, or as its principle internal critics. In Palestine, Oriental Jewish perceptions of European Zionists as foreign and lacking appropriate regional knowledge and themselves as locally embedded allies of Palestinian urbanites and peasants alike have at times provoked nostalgia among scholars. Abigail Jacobson and Moshe Naor, in their book Oriental Neighbors, share some of that nostalgia for figures who continually engaged with, travelled within, and wrote for broader Middle Eastern audiences as they "lived in a Levantine space and belonged to an intellectual community that encouraged a debate on the nature of past and future relations between Arabs and Jews." (4) Oriental Neighbors is not a wistful reflection, but rather an exploration of the difficulty—and ultimately the impossibility—of maintaining a strong commitment to the brotherhood of all native Middle Easterners, Bene ha-Aretz, while promoting the Zionist aims of Jewish immigration and settlement. Oriental Neighbors focuses on the British Mandate Period, defined both by Sephardi loss of prestige and influence within the Jewish community and by new communal and organizational attempts at self-definition vis-à-vis the newly configured Arab Middle East and the ascendant Zionist movement. While insisting in organizational and literary forums that they were natives who could and should constitute a bridge between Arabs and European Jews, they repeatedly rebuffed suggestions, both by Arabs and by Ashkenazi Jews, that they were outside of or resistant to the Zionist project. They asserted that Zionism could be a force for good, though they insisted that this could only occur if the project were implemented with sensitivity to and out of an affinity with its Eastern setting. Using Jewish organizational documents and the Hebrew periodical press, and occasionally Arabic sources written by non-Jewish Palestinians, Oriental Neighbors explores modes of engagement between Sephardi/Oriental Jews and Arabs, and between Oriental and European Jews, on two levels: elite and popular. The first three chapters offer a history of circles of Sephardi Jews who created organizational, institutional, and journalistic structures to communicate their affinities to the East both to Ashkenazi audiences and to Arabs. As they articulated their stances in a variety of forums, they reiterated their belief that "they could be both loyal Zionists and mediators between Jews and Arabs." (23) The Jewish Agency's Arab Bureau and the Arab Department of the Histadrut employed Oriental Jews as leaders and mediators to strengthen ties to Arab activists, undertake diplomatic contacts, and encourage Arabic study. Zionist Arabic newspapers like Al-Akhbar, Al-Salam, Ittihad al-'Umal, and Haqiqat al-Amr not only promoted Zionism but sought to mediate between Jews and Arabs and connect the Jews of Palestine to the broader Middle East. Pushing back against scholars who have emphasized the Zionist goals of these papers, they emphasize the writers' engagement with the regional Arab press and claim that the Sephardi writers "used newspapers as much more than a propaganda tool." These papers sat alongside efforts to promote Arabic study, write textbooks, and arrange for teacher visits to the Middle East as expressions of an "Arab-Jewish cultural hybrid identity." (89) [End Page 296] The later chapters shift to the popular level with a cultural history of life in the Jewish-Arab mixed "frontier neighborhoods" or "Oriental Ghettos" in Tel Aviv–Jaffa, Jerusalem, and Haifa. These spaces were characterized by coexistence and cooperation, but also the sort of conflict borne of proximity. As Jews and Arabs played at the same playgrounds, shopped in the same markets, and employed one another, they defied broader trends in the Yishuv toward Jewish–Arab separation. This chapter is a fascinating work of cultural and working-class history, but unfortunately...

الرسومات المعماریة فى تاریخ الحضارة المصریة

The Egyptian Architects all over the successive historical eras knew how to prepare Architectural drawings for buildings erection. Those drawings documented using available raw materials. In the ancient Egyptian architecture era, the Architectural drawings were made on stone, wood, papyrus as well as on the walls of quarries and temples. With the advent of Islamic architecture era, he used paper and leather. As for the period of the 20th century, he used paper, calque, fabric and transparent sheets. Currently, he uses computers with many programs to produce all types of architectural and engineering drawings. Architectural vocabulary has been used since the ancient Egyptian civilization and still is used in the same way for the time being, we find the use of hatching to indicate the building materials in the same way currently used, as well as drawing scale, dimension writing down and construction materials on the horizontal projections. The Architectural drawings have been known in the Islamic architecture era in Egypt, but none of them has been documented or monitored until now due to they were lost over time. The 20th century is considered the real period for maintenance and documentation of the engineering drawings, where they are carried out in many of private or public institutions, such as the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Heliopolis Company for Housing and Development, Arab Bureau in Cairo, and the American University Library. Therefore, coordination must be accomplished among engineering schools and archaeology faculties in the Egyptian universities to be updated with all new in the field of archaeological discoveries pertaining to the architecture through the history of its various eras, so as to enhance knowledge of the architecture history for the society in general; and researchers and students in particular عرف المعماري المصري خلال المراحل التاريخية المتعاقبة عملية اعداد رسومات هندسية تسبق عملية تنفيذ المباني، وقد وثقها على الخامات المتوافرة، فنجد في فترة العمارة المصرية القديمة تم اعداد الرسومات الهندسية على الحجر والخشب والبردي بالاضافة إلى رسمها على جدارن المحاجر والمعابد، ومع فترة العمارة الإسلامية استخدم الجلد والورق، أما بالنسبة لفترة القرن العشرين فاستخدم الورق، الکلک، القماش، الشفاف، وحاليا يتم استخدام الحاسبات بالبرامج المتعددة لإنتاج جميع انواع الرسومات المعمارية والهندسية. وقد استخدمت مفردات معمارية منذ فترة الحضارة المصرية القديمة ولا تزال تستخدم بنفس الشکل حتى الآن، فنجد استخدام التهشير للدلالة على مواد البناء بنفس الشکل الذي يستخدم حاليا، وکذلک مقايس الرسم وکتابة الأبعاد ومواد البناء على المساقط الأفقية. وقد عرفت الرسومات الهندسية فى فترة العمارة الإسلامية فى مصر، إلا أنه لم يتم رصد أو توثيق اي منها حتى الآن لفقدها مع مرور الزمن. وتعتبر فترة القرن العشرين هي الفترة الحقيقية لعملية حفظ وتوثيق الرسومات الهندسية، حيث توجد في العديد من المؤسسات سوآء الخاصة او العامه، مثل مکتبة الإسکندرية، شرکة مصر الجديدة للإسکان والتعمير، المکتب العربي بالقاهرة، مکتبة الجامعة الأمريکية. لذلک يجب التنسيق بين کليات الهندسة وکليات الآثار بالجامعات المصرية للإطلاع على کل ما هو جديد فى مجال الإکتشافات الأثرية التي تخص العمارة خلال مراحل تاريخها المختلفة، بما يعزز المعرفة بتاريخ العمارة لدى المجتمع بصفة عامه والباحثين والطلبة بصفة خاصة.

Massacres and Modernities: Nature, scandal and empire in North Africa

In the spring of 1869, after years of environmental disaster, a caravan of Hammama (Tunisian) merchants crossed into Nememcha (Algerian) territory to buy grain at market. A faction of Nememcha cavaliers slaughtered them, possibly under the direction of the French Arab Bureau. The “Scandal of the Oued Mahouine” has many interesting aspects; this article considers why the massacre was not carried out by Ahmed Lakhdar. Head of a Nememcha faction, Lakhdar refused the oral request of the Arab Bureau officer de Boyat to raid the caravan, citing the lack of a written command. This article examines the particular character of modernity in the Maghrib through this instance of colonial audacity: What does it mean for Ahmed Lakhdar to have insisted on written orders? Can we arrive at a universal modernism through a history of local contingencies? The actions of Ahmed Lakhdar help us understand the peculiarly local way that ecology and empire could conspire to create modernity, and how “modern” forms of command, control and power were understood and (re)produced in the imperial nineteenth century.

Introduction to Symposium on the Many Lives and Legacies of Sykes-Picot

Although their motivations varied, many senior British officials who were expert in imperial and Middle-Eastern matters condemned the Sykes-Picot treaty as a mistake almost as soon as it was signed. T.E. Lawrence wanted the British government to repudiate it and was assured by Gilbert Clayton, the head of the Arab Bureau in Cairo, in a letter he wrote to Lawrence in 1917, that “‘It is in fact dead and, if we wait quietly, this fact will soon be realized’.” Lord Curzon denounced the treaty as “not only obsolete ‘but absolutely impracticable,’” and further declared that only “gross ignorance” could account for the boundary lines in the treaty. Sir Mark Sykes was said to be ashamed of his involvement in the Treaty that was to bear his name. Despite these efforts, so soon after its birth, to announce the demise and irrelevance of Sykes-Picot, its complex, variegated, and evolving legacy has survived and is still very much with us.

Moshe Shertok and the Arab Problem: First Steps, 1931–1933

Moshe Shertok’s nomination in 1931 as secretary of the Political Department and head of its Arab Bureau earmarked him as the Zionist movement’s leading figure in regard to the Arab subject. Shertok built the primary political foundations for the relationships established between the Zionist movement and Emir Abdullah of Trans-Jordan. He laid the groundwork for the Yishuv’s intelligence system in the field of running agents and informers. During this period, up to his nomination as head of the Political Department in 1933, Shertok formulated the Yishuv’s Arab strategy. He soon became aware that the Mufti’s growing power and the rise of the Istiklal party would necessitate that the Yishuv manage the conflict in light of the fact that there was no Palestinian leadership with which any agreement could be reached.

Harry Pirie-Gordon and the Palestine Guide Books

Harry Pirie-Gordon (1883–1969) was responsible for the preparation of a series of guidebooks published by the Palestine News immediately after the First World War. The information had been prepared for the British attack on Palestine. Pirie-Gordon first went to Syria in 1908 ostensibly to study Crusader castles. He took part in the survey of the Syrian coast around Alexandretta and worked as a foreign correspondent for The Times. Pirie-Gordon was commissioned in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) and initially worked through the Arab Bureau in Cairo. After a spell in Salonica, he was commissioned in the Army, returned to Cairo, and took responsibility for the publication of the Palestine News for the Egyptian Expeditionary Force. Allenby’s campaign in Palestine drew on the developing technology of aerial photography to prepare accurate maps of troop dispositions.

Military Intelligence and the Arab Revolt: The First Modern Intelligence War (review)

Reviewed by: Military Intelligence and the Arab Revolt: The First Modern Intelligence War Ryan Gingeras Military Intelligence and the Arab Revolt: The First Modern Intelligence War. By Polly A. Mohs. New York: Routledge, 2007. ISBN 978-0-415-37280-0. Map. Glossary. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Pp. xvii, 238. $37.95. Film and television in recent years has conditioned scholars and the general public alike into thinking about “ghost wars” in the greater Middle East. Stories of lone British, American, or French officers fighting clandestine battles in desperate and exotic lands now abound in both fiction and non-fiction. This trend, as exemplified by the TV series 24 or Steve Coll’s study of the CIA in Afghanistan (Ghost Wars), seems to confirm that this kind of highly specialized and seemingly precise manner of warfare represents the mainstream of present and future Western armies. If shadowy “intelligence wars” are to be understood as a vital part of our contemporary reality, what is their history? Polly Mohs puts forth a provocative answer to this question in her book, Military Intelligence and the Arab Revolt. Through her rather exhaustive use of British archival sources, she convincingly depicts the organization of Sharif Hussein’s revolt during the First World War as the first truly modern intelligence war. She portrays this revolt, which engulfed much of the Ottoman Hijaz between 1915 and 1918, as the first military campaign that paired the latest techniques in intelligence gathering with the employment of a small, highly specialized expeditionary force tasked with organizing and leading local fighters. Much of her discussion of the revolt centers on the creation and ascendancy of the Arab Bureau, the subdivision of the British Foreign Office that was specifically invented to coordinate imperial operations in the Ottoman Arab lands. The Arab Bureau combined resources drawn from various [End Page 1354] wings of the colonial administration, the military and the academy in its effort to bring Sharif Hussein’s rebellion to life. Able hands such as the famed T.E. Lawrence embodied the Arab Bureau’s unique mandate and origins. As a collective, Mohs argues, the Bureau’s men in Cairo and in the field demonstrated great flexibility and foresight as administrators, intelligence officers, and battlefield commanders. Although couched within the narrowly defined field of intelligence studies, Mohs’s work possesses a much broader series of implications. For scholars of the First World War and the modern Middle East, we see in this account of the Arab Bureau an important contribution to our understanding of Great Britain’s policy towards the Arab world. Doctor Mohs emphasizes that British decision makers were far from united in implementing a common, let alone winning, strategy in the Ottoman Arab lands. Bureaucratic and territorial infighting between officers based in Egypt, India, the Sudan, and London nearly prevented the creation of the Arab Bureau and repeatedly threatened to undo British support for Sharif Hussein. Mohs’s intimate rendering of British exploits in the Hijaz provides interesting insights into the complexities of employing and reacting to multiple sources of intelligence. Operationally speaking, British involvement in the Arab Revolt represents a historical coup that would be mimicked time and again throughout the twentieth century and beyond. While this book admittedly speaks to the narrow field of intelligence studies, one is still left to wonder where the Arab Revolt fits in the history of British intelligence practices and operations. There is a much broader history Doctor Mohs could have addressed, such as the origins of intelligence practices in India, the rivalry between the India Office and the other sectors of the imperial administration and the longer story of British involvement in domestic Ottoman affairs. One could also take issue with the seeming assuredness with which a British victory against the Ottoman Empire was viewed during the Great War or the conflation of the multi-ethnic Ottoman government with the “Turks”. All this aside, Mohs’s work is still to be admired as an expert contribution on the operational innovation and evolution of British intelligence practices during the First World War. Ryan Gingeras Lafayette College Easton, Pennsylvania Copyright © 2009 The Society for Military History

Harry Pirie-Gordon: Historical research, journalism and intelligence gathering in the Eastern Mediterranean (1908–18)

British scholars were active in the Levant during the years leading up to the outbreak of the First World War. Harry Pirie-Gordon toured medieval castles in the region during the spring of 1908 under the auspices of the British School at Athens; T.E. Lawrence used his maps in the following year. Pirie-Gordon continued to travel widely in the Near East as a member of the Foreign Department of The Times and was involved with the survey of the Syrian coastline around Alexandretta. He was commissioned in the RNVR in 1914 and took part in the raid by HMS Doris on Alexandretta. Pirie-Gordon served in an intelligence capacity at Gallipoli before returning to Cairo to work with David Hogarth. In 1916 he was involved with the occupation of Makronisi (Long Island) in the Gulf of Smyrna. Later that year he took charge of the EMSIB operation at Salonica until its purge in early 1917. Pirie-Gordon returned to the Arab Bureau in Cairo and took part in the Palestine campaign.

Elie Kedourie and the history of the Middle East

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes A. Toynbee, ‘Was Britain's Abdication Folly?’, The Round Table, April 1970, pp.219 – 28. Ibid., p.220. E. Kedourie, England and the Middle East, (hereafter EME) 2nd edn. (London: Mansell & Westview, Colorado, 1987), pp.1 – 7. E. Kedourie, ‘Colonel Lawrence and his Biographers’ in Islam in the Modern World (hereafter IMW), (London: Mansell, 1980), p.265. L. Hart, T.E. Lawrence (London: Jonathan Cape, 1934). IMW, pp.272 – 3. EME, pp.119 – 22. The Chatham House Version (hereafter CHV), new edn, (New Hampshire: University Press of New England for Brandeis University Press, 1984), pp.33 – 51. E. Kedourie, Arabic Political Memoirs (hereafter APM), (London: Frank Cass, 1974), p.235. EME, p.122. Ibid., p.131. Ibid., p.42. Ibid., p.57. David Garnett (ed.) The Letters of T.E. Lawrence (London: Jonathan Cape, 1938), p.282. EME, p.110. Subsequently, Kedourie briefly acknowledges the implications of Russia's withdrawal for the agreement. Ibid, p.134. EME, p.122. Cited in J. Marlowe, Late Victorian (London: 1967), p.165; see also P. Sluglett, Britain in Iraq, 1914 – 1921 (London: Ithaca Press, 1976), pp.20 – 41. G. Antonius, The Arab Awakening (hereafter AA) (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1938, reprinted 1945), p.248. B. Westrate, The Arab Bureau (Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992); J. Wilson, Lawrence of Arabia (London: Heinemann, 1989). AA, pp.137 – 8. Ibid., p.169. E. Kedourie, In the Anglo-Arab Labyrinth (hereafter IAAL), (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976), p.177. Ibid., p.109. McMahon made a link with the evacuation in a letter quoted, ibid, p.111. Further factors are mentioned in a note dated 28 April 1916 written by H.A. Grant, Foreign Secretary of the Government of India. While expressing extreme scepticism about the merits of Cairo's Arab policy, Grant conceded that at the time (presumably October, 1915) a threat to India would have existed had an Arab jihad been coupled with a general jihad in Persia and Afghanistan. (Chelmsford papers. Mss Eur. E. 264/2 [part 2], p.47. Ibid., p.120. Ibid., p.98. ‘In the Anglo-Arab Labyrinth: Genesis of a History’, in IMW, p.300. E. Marmorstein, ‘A Note on “Damascus, Homs, Hama and Aleppo”’ in St Antony's Papers XI, 1961. It should be noted that the order in which the four towns are named in documents and other discussions changes repeatedly before and after McMahon's letter of 24 October. IAAL, pp.87 – 8. A.L. Tibawi, Anglo-Arab Relations and the Question of Palestine, 1914 – 1921 (London: Luzac, 1977), pp.77 – 8. IAAL, p.106. Tibawi, op.cit., pp.82 – 91. I. Friedman, The Question of Palestine (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973) discusses the same point but omits an important part of the quotation from McMahon's 26 October despatch and goes on to claim, without warranty, that the territory about which McMahon was doubtful in respect of French claims was Palestine. Wilson, op cit., p.213. Reprinted in CHV, pp.13 – 32. R. Sanders, The High Walls of Jerusalem, (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1984), pp.248 – 55. Wilson, op cit., p.215. IAAL, p.318. IMW, p.313. CHV, p.ix. CHV, p.375. Ibid., p.388. Ibid., p.391. APM, p.275. Ibid., p.vii. See his essay on ‘The Kingdom of Iraq’ in CHV, p.262. IMW, 198. J. Darwin, Britain, Egypt and the Middle East (London: Macmillan, 1981). CHV, p.121. Ibid., p.136. M. Kramer, Islam Assembled (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986), pp.86 – 105. Loraine's remark is quoted on p.105. ‘Great Britain and Palestine: the Turning Point’ in IMW, pp.93 – 170. Ibid., p.138. Ibid., p.128. Ibid., p.134. Palestine Partition Commission: Report, 1938. Cmd.5854. IMW, pp.239 – 48. Ibid., p.240. Ibid., p.241. Ibid., p.242. ‘The Arab-Israeli Conflict’, in APM, pp.219 – 28. ‘Religion and Politics’, CHV, p.318. ‘Arabs Ancient and Modern’, in APM, p.164. S.G. Haim (ed.), Arab Nationalism, an Anthology (Berkeley: University of Californa Press, 1962); Z.N. Zeine, The Emergence of Arab Nationalism (Beirut: Khayats, 1966); A. Hourani, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798 – 1939, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962); and C.E. Dawn, From Ottomanism to Arabism, (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1973). ‘The Impact of the Young Turk Revolution on the Arabic-Speaking Provinces of the Ottoman empire’ in APM. N. Keddie, Sayyid Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972). The full biography appeared after Kedourie's book was published. CHV, pp.213 – 235. E. Kedourie, Nationalism, Fourth Expanded Edition (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993), p.141. In M. Oakeshott, Rationalism in Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p.166.

In a sea of knowledge: British Arabists in the twentieth century

British Arabists in the third millennium British Arabism in 1900 Prelude to war - Enter Lawrence of Arabia and oil World War I - The Arab Bureau and other trendsetters Britain's moment in the Middle East 1939-1945 - Fortunes of war 1945-1960 - Britain looks East - again 1960-1975 - From Hayter to OPEC 1975-1990 - Arabic on the world stage The 1990s - Arabists go to war - again British university Ar abismat the Millennium The summing-up Envoi - Reflection s of an Arabist.

GERTRUDE BELL, The Arabian Diaries, 1913–1914, ed. Rosemary O'Brien (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2000). Pp. 273.

In December 1913, the English traveler and Orientalist Gertrude Bell set out from Damascus on a four-month journey that looped southeast through Arabia to the city of Hayyil, then north to Baghdad, and back across the Syrian desert to Damascus. The Syrian portion of the passage was already familiar to her, and she was not the first European to follow the caravan routes through Arabia. Charles Doughty and Wilfred and Anne Blunt, among others, had preceded her. Nor did her efforts significantly advance European knowledge of the region. But her willingness to undertake such an arduous and dangerous journey without European companions won her a gold medal from the Royal Geographical Society and a reputation as an authority on the Middle East, subsequently reinforced by her role in intelligence for the Arab Bureau during World War I and in the establishment of the British-dominated Iraqi state afterward.

Colonialism and knowledge in Algeria: The archives of the Arab bureau

Despite the preeminence and recent scholarly debate on Orientalism, little attention has been paid to the variant of French Orientalism which solidified its base during the early phase of North African colonization. This essay investigates the foundations of French colonial knowledge of Algeria, and by extension North Africa, through an analysis of the archives of the Arab Bureau (1841–1871), a military institution that laid down, formulated, and shaped French views of Algeria through their extensive fieldwork. In turn, it is upon this knowledge that later scholars, such as Emile Durkheim and Robert Montagne fashioned their own work. This essay examines the politics behind the various representations of the natives of Algeria, and it also pays attention to the emergence and the play of conflicting interpretations and ideologies. Thus, this essay explores the dynamics that allowed a particular discourse to become more dominant, at the expense of other, opposing, representations.

Regional Interlibrary Loan Network of Arabian Gulf Academic Libraries

All six Arabian Gulf countries are signatory to the Arab Bureau of Education for the Gulf States Interlibrary Loan Code developed in 1983, but rcsource sharing and library cooperation among Gulf academic libraries is still minimal and of great concern. This article discusses the background, as well as the present resource sharing situation in the Arabian Gulf. Based on the results of a survey obtained through a questionnaire airmailed to heads of thirteen Gulf academic libraries, the article looks into the feasibility of establishing an interlibrary loan network (ILLN). In addition, it discusses the networking requirements and suggests an ILLN plan for consideration and irnplcmentation by the Arabian Gulf academic libraries to encourage, strengthen, and streamline resource sharing.

The Arab Bureau: British Policy in the Middle East, 1916-1920.

The Arab Bureau: British Policy in the Middle East, 1916-1920.

The Arab Bureau: British Policy in the Middle East.

The Arab Bureau: British Policy in the Middle East.

The Arab Bureau: British Policy in the Middle East, 1916–1920

(1993). The Arab Bureau: British Policy in the Middle East, 1916–1920. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 41-41.

The Arab bureau: British policy in the Middle East, 1916-1920

The Arab bureau: British policy in the Middle East, 1916-1920