AR Dye Research Articles

Molecularly imprinted Ag2S quantum dots with high photocatalytic activity for dye removal: Experimental and DFT insights

Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) were developed by carrying out the cocktail solution of Template ((Salata, 2004)-Gingerol), monomer, crosslinker, and Ag2S Quantum Dots (QDs) by ex-situ dissolved in an appropriate solvent, resulting in an efficient crosslinked polymer composite. Degradation of Alizarin red S (ARS) dye and yellowish sunset (SY) azo dye under visible light irradiation was reported first time by the introduction of prepared MIPs composite. In this research, the result shows efficient photocatalyt activity of Ag2S-MIPs composite for the degradation of AR and SY dye with degradation% (80%) and (84%) in the aqueous wastewater. The degradation efficiency of the Ag2S-MIPs composite and the Ag2S QD associated with non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) (i.e.Ag2S-NIPs composite) were calculated by using different parameters such as catalyst dose, pH value, optimum time and concentration variation and the observations are evocative. Moreover, the density functional theory (DFT) approach was also used to analyze the structural, stability/energetics, and electronic features of the organic-inorganic hybrid composites of the Ag2S QD with the MIPs based on (Salata, 2004)-gingerol extract. The proposed QD and MIPs (EGDMA and (Salata, 2004)-Gingerol) composite model has been detected to be the most stable because it shows the largest binding energy (BE) among the three chosen composite models. It was found out that imprinted polymers were superior in enhancing the degradation of dyes when compared to non imprinted polymers. Introducing MIPs into the valence band accelerates the catalysis properties to stabilize newly fashioned excitons that are basically generated as a result of light excitation in presence of Ag2S Quantum Dots (QDs) and molecular imprinted polymer (MIPs). Motivation behind this work is to address the challenges related to environmental pollution causing by organic dyes. These toxins are known to cause diverse symptoms (e.g., skin irritation, eye infection, respiratory disorders, and even cancer) once exposed through ingestion and inhalation. Through incorporation of Ag2S QD into MIP,the purpose of this research is to enhance the selectivity, specificity and photocatalytic activity for dyes and that work holds a potential towards environmental remediation by developing a cost effective and sustainable method for controlling pollution in water.

Synergistic effect of Sonophotocatalytic degradation of crystal violet and alizarin red S dyes using Ag-doped ZnSnO3 nanoparticles

This study proposes an environmentally conventional sonophotocatalytic method that uses silver (Ag)-doped ZnSnO3 nanoparticles (NPs) to effectively eliminate industrial dye-polluted wastewater. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the Ag doping ratio of the synthesized ZnSnO3 NPs on the removal of dye molecules. We used crystal violet (CV) and alizarin red S (AR) dyes as test pollutants to examine the catalytic activity of the synthesized Ag-doped ZnSnO3 NPs in response to the ultrasound and visible light stimulation. The most effective photocatalytic performance was exhibited by 4 % Ag-ZnSnO3 NPs, which degraded 95 % of the CV and 52 % of the AR dye in 100 min. Surprisingly, using sonophotodegradation to combine ultrasound with visible-light irradiation has resulted in almost complete degradation of the CV dye in 100 min, demonstrating a strong beneficial synergy between the sonocatalytic and photocatalytic processes. Additionally, the sonophotocatalytic degradation of the CV and AR dyes was examined at various pH values. It shows to have high stability across several cycles of dye treatment, indicating that this method can be used for industrial effluents. Scavenger tests demonstrated that the primary active species in the dye degradation is O2•−. Ultimately, the prepared Ag-ZnSnO3 NPs and sonophotocatalytic processes may offer a promising path toward a variety of environmental uses, including the remediation of water and the removal of other organic contaminants.

Design of Phytic Acid Crosslinked Xerogels as Organic Photocatalysts for Visible Light‐Assisted Degradation of Dyes

AbstractExtensive research is being carried out on the degradation of water pollutants using various strategies to overcome the global water crisis. In the present study, xerogels as a better alternative is utilized to metal oxides for the photocatalytic degradation of toxic water pollutants such as dyes. Xerogels of polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) are synthesized using phytic acid as a dopant as well as cross‐linker in the weight ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 via simple chemical oxidative polymerization. The synthesized xerogels are analyzed for their spectral, morphological, thermal, and optical properties using FTIR, UV–vis, XRD, SEM, and TGA techniques. The xerogels are also tested for their photocatalytic activity against textile dyes – Methylene Blue (MB), Alizarin Red S, (ARS), Rhodamine B (RhB), and Methyl Orange (MO). Among all the composite xerogels, PANI/PPy‐2/1 showed excellent degradation efficiency of 91% for MB dye, 88% for RhB dye, 96% for ARS dye, and 92% for MO dye respectively. The composite PANI/PPy xerogels showed better degradation efficiency than their pristine counterparts. The fragments of the degraded dyes are examined using the LCMS technique and a tentative dye degradation mechanism is proposed.

Sequestration of hazardous alizarin Red S dye from water using mesoporous sponge-PANI composite

In this paper, the performance of the combination of polyaniline, a conductive polymer, and a polyurethane-based dishwashing sponge (sponge/PANI) on the adsorptive removal of Alizarin Red S dye from aqueous solutions was investigated. Firstly, polyurethane-based dishwashing sponges were cut into pieces and then coated by PANI. The sponge/PANI composites were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, BET, and FTIR-ATR analysis. Optimum conditions (adsorbent dosage: 0.1 g/50 mL, pH: 6–8, contact time: 120 min, agitation rate: 120 rpm) for adsorption were determined. Adsorption data were applied to different isotherm and kinetic models. According to the isotherm models, Langmuir model was found to be more suitable and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 188.68 mg/g at 298 K. According to the adsorption kinetic data, the adsorption process was found to follow the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Meanwhile, from the study on the adsorption mechanism, electrostatic interactions, H-bonding and interlayer force were considered to be the main driving force for adsorption. From the adsorption thermodynamic data, it was found that the adsorption of ARS dye was exothermic ( Δ H o = − 24.00 kJ / mol ) and spontaneous ( Δ G o = − 30.26 kJ / mol at 298 K ). Furthermore, from the reusability studies carried out, it was determined that the prepared adsorbent can be effectively used repeatedly. When the adsorption results were evaluated, it was determined that PANI-coated sponge composites effectively adsorbed Alizarin Red S dye. Moreover, the adsorption efficiency is open to improvement through optimization of surface properties by different methods such as doping.

Effective removal of Allura red food dye from water using cross-linked chitosan-diatomite composite beads

Chitosan (Ch)-diatomite (D) composite beads (Ch-D) were synthesized using epichlorohydrin and tripolyphosphate crosslinkers and then moulded into uniform beads in tripolyphosphate solution. FT-IR and SEM-EDX analyses showed that Ch-D composite adsorbent was successfully synthesized by functionalization of chitosan to Ch-D by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions and improved adsorption capacity for removal of Allura red AC (AR) food dye. The removal rate of AR food dye was found to be 98 % at 25 °C, natural AR dye pH value, 24 h, and at the initial AR dye concentration of 200 mg L−1. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 34.7 mg g−1. It was observed that π-π interactions, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions between the functional groups containing oxygen and amine on the surface of the Ch-D composite and the functional groups of the anionic AR dye, and AR dye adsorption via complexation took place. In light of all this information, the Ch-D composite adsorbent is a promising potential material for the effective treatment of colored pollutants from wastewater.

A new Modified Heterocyclic-Magnetite Chitosan Nanocomposite for Efficient Alizarin Red Dye Removal: Adsorption Analysis and Antibacterial Activity

Alizarin Red (AR) is one of the most colored hazardous industrial dyes. For effective removal of AR, a new sorbent of modified heterocyclic-magnetite chitosan nanocomposite labeled as AOC@MC was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, TGA, XRD, BET, TEM,SAED pattern and SEM-EDX. Effect of contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, initial Alizarine Red concentration and temperature was investigated. The maximum AR removal was 98.9% and attained at optimum conditions which were pH = 3.0, contact time = 50 min., and adsorbent dosage = 0.03 g/L. The findings revealed that at pH 3 and 30 °C, the maximum adsorption capacity was approximately 162 mg/g. Within 50 min, equilibrium adsorption was attained. A pseudo-second-order equation might be used to fit the kinetic data that was acquired at the optimal pH level of 3. Langmuir adsorption isotherms could accurately represent the adsorption process. The antimicrobial properties of the functionalized sorbent AOC@MC and its heterocyclic base AOC were characterized by determining the zone of inhibition (ZOI) against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia as a model for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria respectively. AOC@MC exhibits promising activity with clear zones of 20.1 ± 0.2 and 17.6 ± 0.4 mm for S. aureus and K. pneumonia respectively. Overall, the modified sorbent AOC@MC was efficient on AR dye removal and antibacterial activity compared to the corresponding heterocyclic compound AOC.

Removal of Acid Red 88 from an Aqueous Solution Using Kaolinite Clay by Adsorption Process

Dyes are hazardous contaminants normally found in industrial wastewaters necessitating costly and complex technologies for their removal. In this study, clay was used as an adsorbent in the removal of anionic acid red 88 (AR 88) dye from industrial wastewaters by adsorption. The dye removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of clay was studied by batch experimentation with respect to parameters of dye initial concentration, clay dosage, contact time, and pH. The dye removal efficiency of AR 88 improved with increasing dosage (r 0.9826, p < 0.05), contact time (r 0.9821, p 0.000683) and decreased with increasing initial concentration (r - 0.9168, p 0.02844) and pH (r -0.9666, p 0.007297) of the solution. At initial AR dye concentration of 100 mg/L, the removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of 89.7% and 4.38 mg/g, respectively were achieved after equilibrium time of 30 minutes under the optimum conditions of pH 2 and clay dosage 20 g/L. The study thrived in applying an efficient and low-cost adsorbent that could be used as a substitute to high-cost conventional commercial adsorbents in treating industrial wastewater with AR dye coloration

Optical and Thermal Properties of Acid Red Doped Triglycine Acetate Crystal for Optoelectronic Applications

AbstractA positive change in crystal can be induced by dye. Pure and Acid Red 1 dye (AR) doped triglycine acetate (TGAc) single crystals are synthesized by solution approach to enrich the characteristics of pure TGAc crystals. The crystalline nature of the grown crystals is investigated using powder X‐ray diffraction. The Scherrer method has been used to calculate the crystallite size of both developed crystals and is compared to the Williamson and Hall method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the existence of several functional groups as well as dye inclusion in the produced crystals. Four distinct absorption bands are found in UV–vis–NIR absorption spectra at the location where AR dye is inserted into the TGAc matrix. Different optical constants, such as optical bandgap (Eg), extinction coefficient (k), refractive index (n) and optical conductivity (σ) are measured for both samples based on transmittance measurements. The thermal stability and decomposition temperature of 0.05 mol% AR dye doped TGAc are found to be higher. The doped crystals' improved optical characteristics and thermal stability prove their applicability for optoelectronic applications.

Efficient catalytic degradation of organic pollutants with cupric oxide nanomaterials in aqueous medium

In this work, an eco-friendly, facile, and efficient method has been applied for CuO nanostructures (NSs) synthesis using ascorbic acid as capping agent. For surface morphology, FESEM analysis was applied to reveal nanostructure with ~100 nm length, and ~90 nm width morphology which was also supported by TEM images of CuO. Thus obtained CuO NSs resulted in an optical energy having ~1.36 eV band gap obtained from Tauc plots of UV–visible plots because of strong quantum confinement effect of nanoparticles. XRD reveals a monoclinic phase of CuO NSs for which follow the reference JCPDS No. 98–004–3179 (Space group of C 12/c 1) crystal structure with high crystallinity of ~95.94% and crystallite size of ~38 nm. In addition, Williamson-Hall analysis was applied to calculate crystal lattice strain of ~3.01 × 10-3 for CuO catalyst followed by 28.36 m2/g high BET surface area (0.9999 correlation coefficient) having ~14.38 nm average BJH pore size. Furthermore, CuO NSs exhibited ultrafast and high catalytic degradation efficiency of ~90.54% for Allura Red AC dye (AR dye) in 480 s under UV light. The photodegradation kinetics followed a pseudo first-order reaction with rate constant (k) of ~0.0046 s−1 having approximately ~150.65 s of half-life (t1/2) for AR dyes in the aquatic medium as per the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. As synthesized catalyst, CuO NSs explored good leaf-like morphology with high recycling ability after five degradation cycles of AR dye in aqueous medium.

Optimization and Computational Approach to Understand the Adsorption Behavior of Alizarine Red S on the Surface of Fish Scales

The key components of fish scales are hydroxyapatite and collagen, which form a natural composite. In this present study, fish scales were used as biosorbent to uptake Alizarine Red S dyes from the wastewaters. Here, dye concentration, adsorbent amount, pH, and temperature were optimized using complete factorial design analysis. Sixteen experiments were required, and a linear mathematical model representing the influence of the different variables and their interactions was obtained. The discussion covered analysis of variance (ANOVA), normal probability plots of residuals, and surface plots. Theoretical calculations by Metropolis Monte Carlo (MC) methods, the density functional theory (DFT), and the electrostatic potential surface (ESP) analysis were achieved to obtain a more understanding of the dyes adsorption mechanism on both collagen and hydroxyapatite (HDA) surfaces. The findings results exhibited that the ARS dye presents more tendency of adsorption on the collagen than on the HDA surface.

Exploring Rapid Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants with Porous CuO Nanosheets: Synthesis, Dye Removal, and Kinetic Studies at Room Temperature

In this work, we report the facile, environmentally friendly, room-temperature (RT) synthesis of porous CuO nanosheets and their application as a photocatalyst to degrade an organic pollutant/food dye using NaBH4 as the reducing agent in an aqueous medium. Ultrahigh-resolution field effect scanning electron microscopy images of CuO displayed a broken nanosheet-like (a length of ∼160 nm, a width of ∼65 nm) morphology, and the lattice strain was estimated to be ∼1.24 × 10–3 using the Williamson–Hall analysis of X-ray diffraction plots. Owing to the strong quantum size confinement effect, CuO nanosheets resulted in an optical energy band gap of ∼1.92 eV, measured using Tauc plots of the ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrum, resulting in excellent photocatalytic efficiency. The RT synthesized CuO catalyst showed a high Brunauer–Emmet–Teller surface area of 30.88 ± 0.2313 m2/g (a correlation coefficient of 0.99972) with an average Barrett–Joyner–Halenda pore size of ∼20.385 nm. The obtained porous CuO nanosheets exhibited a high crystallinity of 73.5% with a crystallite size of ∼12 nm and was applied as an efficient photocatalyst for degradation of the organic pollutant/food dye, Allura Red AC (AR) dye, as monitored by UV–vis spectrophotometric analysis and evidenced by a color change from red to colorless. From UV–vis spectra, CuO nanosheets exhibited an efficient and ultrafast photocatalytic degradation efficiency of ∼96.99% for the AR dye in an aqueous medium within 6 min at RT. According to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, photodegradation reaction kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order reaction with a rate constant of k = 0.524 min–1 and a half-life (t1/2) of 2.5 min for AR dye degradation in the aqueous medium. The CuO nanosheets showed an outstanding recycling ability for AR degradation and would be highly favorable and an efficient catalyst due to the synergistic effect of high adsorption capability and photodegradation of the food dye.

Enhanced sunlight driven photocatalytic activity and electrochemical sensing properties of Ce-doped MnFe2O4 nano magnetic ferrites

This research deals with the facile combustion synthesis of manganese ferrite (MFO) nanoparticle with different cerium concentration and their potential application as an efficient photocatalyst and chemical sensor. The concentration of introduced cerium affects the size, structure, compositional, morphological, optical, photoluminescence and magnetic properties of the ferrite nanoparticle. The X-ray diffraction pattern affirmed the arrangement of cubic spinel structure with the formation of secondary phase CeO2 as the cerium concentration exceed 3 mol%. SEM micrographs revealed irregular morphology with more number of pores and voids. HRTEM along with SAED pattern revealed the crystalline cubic nature. The optical band gap deduced from UV–Vis-DRS spectra was observed to be in the range 2.3–2.8 eV. PL studies indicated a significant minimization in combination of electrons & holes in MnFe2O4 on addition of Ce dopant. VSM investigation demonstrated the soft magnetic nature of the prepared sample with moderate magnetization value. An excellent photocatalytic performance of Cerium doped MFO (3 mol%) towards MB and AR dye degradation was found to be 1.5 and 1.67 times more compared to host matrix under Sunlight irradiation that correlated to reduced band gap, Ce dopant and efficient separation of charge carriers. Cerium doped MFO (3 mol%) have high specific capacitance value of 471.7 and 1546.8 Fg-1 for NaNO3 and HCl electrolytes respectively, indicating the pseudo capacitance nature due to which it can be used as a supercapacitor. The synthesized nanoparticles can sense d-Glucose and Paracetamol even at a lower concentration varying from 1 to 10 mM. The synthesized Ce-doped MnFe2O4 nanomaterials have great potential to be used in the future production of promising active photocatalysts and sensitive chemical sensors for the identification and degradation of toxic industrial dyes for improved safety in the fields of environment and health care.

Selenide-chitosan as High-performance Nanophotocatalyst for Accelerated Degradation of Pollutants.

Water pollution is one of the major global challenges today. Water bodies are contaminated by the heavy release of waste effluents of textile industries, which includes intensively colored dye pollutants. Herein, a ternary nanocomposite of bismuth copper selenide with small particle size and ternary metal selenide (TMS)-chitosan microspheres (TMS-CM) of the spherical porous surface were successfully synthesized. SEM, XRD, EDX, FTIR, and UV/Vis spectrophotometry analysis revealed the structural and morphological characteristics of the newly synthesized nanocomposites. SEM imaging showed the average diameter of TMS nanoparticle to be 33 nm. The crystal size was calculated as 6.33 nm and crystalline structure as orthorhombic using XRD findings. EDX confirmed the presence of Bi, Cu, and Se in the ternary nanocomposite. The bandgap of 1.8 eV was calculated from Tauc's plot for the TMS nanocomposite. SEM confirmed the successful synthesis of spherical TMS-CM microspheres of porous surface morphology with an average size of 885.6 μm. The presence of chitosan microspheres in the synthesis of TMS nanocomposite was identified by FTIR spectral analysis. Furthermore, highly efficient photocatalytic degradation (up to 95.4%) of ARS was achieved within 180 min at pH 4.0 using 0.5 g of TMS-CM in sunlight. The first-order kinetic model fitted well to the photocatalytic decontamination of ARS using TMS-CM with a rate constant of 6.1x10-2 min-1 . The TMS-CM gave attractive results and high efficiency in photocatalytic degradation of ARS dye after reusing and regeneration of up to seven successive cycles. The newly synthesized nanophotocatalyst could be efficiently used for the decontamination of dye polluted water from textile industries.

EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE PRODUCTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TEXTILE DYE CONTAMINATED WATER

Abstract -- In this study, the peels of waste agricultural products (banana, orange, potato) used as biosorbent in order to remove textile dyes from aquatic solutions. Biosorption of the commonly used textile dye such as Acid Red P-2BX (AR) was investigated by the peels of different agricultural products. The waste peels of banana, orange and potato were prepared as dried and ash biosorbent. The effects of pH, biosorbent type, dye concentration, biosorbent dosage and temperature on dye biosorption were tested at batch scale level. The best removal of dye was performed by the banana peel. Biosorption by dried banana peel for AR dye was found to be 73.58% at optimum conditions. It was concluded that dried banana peels were effectively used in the treatment of textile dye- contaminated water.

Removal of Alizarin Red Dye Using Strong Ionization Discharge Technology

The degradation of Alizarin red dye (Anthraquinone) was investigated using a novel technique of strong ionization discharge to generate high oxidation active species from oxygen. Under the optimum conditions, AR dye was almost removed with degradation rate reaching 95%, by radicals such as •OH and O3 generated within the strong ionization discharge reactor. The intermediate products were analyzed by ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and ion chromatography (IC) to validate the degradation efficiency of the strong ionization discharge for AR dye and to deduce its possible decomposition pathway. Finally, It has been confirmed that the sulfur element on AR molecule results into sulfate, an environmentally friendly substance. This work shows that the strong ionization discharge can efficiently be used for the degradation of Anthraquinone dyes as well as other extensively used textile dyes.

Synergistic effect of hybrid Ce3+/Ce4+ doped Bi2O3 nano-sphere photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of alizarin red S dye and its NUV excited photoluminescence studies

Highly spherical structured Ce3+/Ce4+ doped Bi2O3 nanosphere photocatalyst was prepared by simple solid state reaction route. The crystallite phase of a photocatalyst plays an important role on its activity. Hence, the phase of the catalyst is suitably tuned by varying cerium concentration and calcination temperature. From the experimental data it is evident that, 9 wt% cerium doped Bi2O3 calcinated at 600 °C showed better photocatalytic performance for the degradation of Alizarin red S dye. The enhanced performance of this optimized catalyst is due to synergistic effect by the presence of inter convertible Ce3+/Ce4+ oxidation states and mixed α-β phase Bi2O3. Addition of EDTA-2Na and radical scavengers (Benzoquinone, t-BuOH) decreased the photocatalytic efficiency, which indicates that, the presence of O2, O2− and OH radicals and their significant role in the degradation of ARS dye. A plausible mechanism and degradation pathway of ARS degradation has been proposed.

Factors Affecting the Adsorption of Some Ionic Dyes on the Surface of Modify CaO from Eggshell

In this paper, calcium oxide (CaO) was produced by the thermal treatment of eggshell. The doping process with silver iodide (AgI), oxygen (O), sulfur(S) and nitrogen (N) was achieved by adsorbents. The adsorption of Acid fuchsine (AF), Indigo Carmine (IC), Nigrosine (NG) and Alizarine Red S (AR) on the surface of these particles was studied. The different conditions affecting the adsorption process, such as the time of equilibrium, the primary concentration of the studied dyes, the amount of the adsorbent, the acidic function, the speed of the pruning motion and the temperature were studied. The pH stability time (5-10 minutes), IC and NG (30 minutes) and AR were (90 minutes). The effect of temperature was also studied within the range (25-45 ° C). The results showed that the adsorption capacity increased by increasing the temperature, ie the reaction is endothermic. The study showed the effect of the acidic function on the percentage of pigmentation. The percentage was increased by increasing the acidic function in the basal circles on the surfaces except for the AR dye. It decreased the percentage by increasing the acidic function. The effect of the weight of the adsorbent was studied on the percentage of adsorption.

Evaluation on adsorption isotherms of alizarin red S dye removal by nickel/aluminium layered double hydroxide

The textile industry is one of the swiftest thriving industries contributing to the economic growth of Malaysia, particularly in east coast peninsular state. As the popularity of industry increases, the water usage was found to be elevated and eventually causes high expel rate of wastewater with excessive dye pollutants. In this study, anionic clay of nickel/aluminium layered double hydroxide (NiAL), was chosen to be studied as a potential adsorbent for anionic dye, namely Alizarin Red S (AR). The NiAL was synthesised via co-precipitation method and were characterized using powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). NiAL was then used as adsorbent for the removal of AR dye in aqueous solution which was tested at different NiAL dosages. The experimental data were analysed using adsorption isotherm models and the AR adsorption was found to obey the Langmuir model.

Optical sensing performance characteristics of Schottky devices diodes based nano-particle disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonate thin films: A comparison study

In the present work, nanocrystalline disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl) azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonate (AR) thin films based devices were prepared by using electro-spin technique under best conditions. The nanostructure characteristics of the AR surfaces were found to be nanosphere-like structure by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dark and 100 mW/cm2 illuminated current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics of the prepared heterojunctions by using different metal like Pt, Al and Cu were discussed at a temperature of 300 K. A diode-like behavior was obtained for all the studied devices and the rectification characteristics were obtained and compared. In addition, the arrangement protection and ideality factors demonstrated high interface reliance. Exposure of light on the AR dye / different metal structures produces a photocurrent which suggests the production of free carriers in all cases with different values which elucidate that these structures are promising for optoelectronic device applications.

Cd(II) complex constructed from dipyridyl imine ligand: Design, synthesis and exploration of its photocatalytic degradation properties

Abstract A new Cd(II) complex, obtained by the interaction of 2,2-dimethyl-N,N'-bis((pyridin-2-yl)methylene)propane-1,3-diamine with a Cd(II) ion, is reported. The prepared N4 mononuclear species is structurally characterized by microanalyses, FT-IR, ESI-MS, 1H, 13C- and Dept-135 NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. The electrochemical behavior of the complex is also reported, and exhibits irreversible one electron redox process. Furthermore, the synthesized Cd(II) complex showed significant fluorescence property, and worked as a strong photocatalyst to degrade the Alizarin Red S dye (ARS) under visible light irradiation. The results obtained are excellent showing 82% (approximately) degradation of ARS dye in 30 h.