Vidarabine Research Articles

Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of an ASGPr-Targeted Polycationic β-Cyclodextrin Carrier for Nucleosides and Nucleotides.

Most antiviral and anticancer nucleosides are prodrugs that require stepwise phosphorylation to their triphosphate nucleotide form for biological activity. Monophosphorylation may be rate-limiting, and the nucleotides may be unstable and poorly internalized by target cells. Effective targeting and delivery systems for nucleoside drugs, including oligonucleotides used in molecular therapeutics, could augment their efficacy. The development of a carrier designed to effect selective transmembrane internalization of nucleotides via the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPr) is now reported. In this work, the polycationic, polygalactosyl drug delivery carrier heptakis[6-amino-6-deoxy-2-O-(3-(1-thio-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-propyl)]-β-cyclodextrin hepta-acetate salt (GCyDAc), potentially a bifunctional carrier of (poly)nucleotides, was modeled by molecular docking in silico as an ASGPr-ligand, then synthesized for testing. The antivirals arabinosyl adenine (araA, vidarabine, an early generation antiviral nucleoside), arabinosyl adenine 5'-monophosphate (araAMP), and 12-mer-araAMP (p-araAMP) were selected for individual formulation with GCyDAc to develop this concept. Experimentally, beta cyclodextrin was decorated with seven protonated amino substituents on the primary face, and seven thiogalactose residues on its secondary face. AraA, araAMP, and p-araAMP were individually complexed with GCyDAc and complex formation for each drug was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Finally, the free drugs and their GCyDAc complexes were evaluated for antiviral activity using ASGPr-expressing HepAD38 cells in cell culture. In this model, araA, araAMP, and p-araAMP showed relative antiviral potencies of 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2, respectively. In comparison, GCyDAc-complexes of araA, araAMP, and p-araAMP were 2.5, 1.3, and 1.2 times more effective than non-complexed araA in suppressing viral DNA production. The antiviral potencies of these complexes were minimally supportive of the hypothesis that ASGPr-targeted, CyD-based charge-association complexation of nucleosides and nucleotides could effectively enhance antiviral efficacy. GCyDAc was non-toxic to mammalian cells in cell culture, as determined using the MTS proliferation assay.

Bibliometric analysis of the global research status and trends of the association between Vitamin D and infections from 2001 to 2021.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was the visualization of hot spots and evolving trends in research on the association between vitamin D and infections through the use of bibliometric analysis.MethodsBased on 3046 relevant articles collected in the Web of Science Core Collection for the period of 2001–2021, the data were processed using CiteSpace software. GraphPad software was used for some of the graphics.ResultsA total of 3,046 literature were retrieved, with an average citation frequency of 27.89 times. The number of published papers in the direction of “Immunology” (453 articles, 14.9%) and “Infectious diseases” (312 articles, 10.2%) is much higher. The United States presents the highest publication count (890, 29.2%) and shows a strong leadership in this field. Country burst shows that since 2015, many developing countries and low-income countries have carried out enthusiastic research in this regard, including China, Pakistan, and Iran. As for institutions, the League of European Research Universities produces a larger proportion of articles (220, 7.2%). In terms of authors, Martineau AR and Camargo CA have the highest number of published articles, contributing 30 (0.99%) and 28 articles (0.92%), respectively. Major studies are supported by the United States Department of Health Human Services funding (394, 12.9%). According to the keyword co-occurrence diagram, the 10 most frequent keywords from 2001 to 2021 are “vitamin D”, “infection”, “d deficiency”, “risk”, “association”, “expression”, “disease”, “d supplementation”, “vitamin d deficiency”, and “children”. The top 10 cited articles in 2021 are all related to COVID-19, suggesting it is a hotspot in recent times.ConclusionResearch on the association between vitamin D and infection has grown rapidly since 2012 and is generally developing well. While developed Western countries continue to be leading roles in this field, research trends in developing countries are also very promising. It is demonstrated that the relationship between vitamin D and respiratory infections, especially respiratory viruses and the more recently COVID-19, has received a lot of attention in the last two decades, suggesting that this is the hotspot and frontier of research issue.

Desenvolvimento de atividade entre alunos e animais de companhia resgatados

Objetivou-se por meio deste trabalho relatar uma atividade desenvolvida com os cães da Associação de Resgate e Cuidado Animal - ARCA em Janaúba-MG por alunos do curso de Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES) , visando proporcionar melhor bem-estar dos animais resgatados. A Associação de Resgate e Cuidado Animal de Janaúba foi criada no ano de 2011 por um pequeno grupo de protetores com o intuito de desenvolver ações em defesa dos animais. Por meio da intermediação de uma das docentes da UNIMONTES, que também é protetora da ARCA, foi proposto aos alunos uma atividade dentro da disciplina de Criação de Cães e Gatos, do curso de Zootecnia, objetivando a participação dos discentes em caminhadas semanais com os cães da presente Associação. As caminhadas foram realizadas entre os anos de 2016 e 2017, contando com a participação de 27 alunos. As atividades de convivência desenvolvidas entre os acadêmicos e os animais resgatados da ARCA proporcionaram melhoria do bem-estar físico e emocional dos cães do abrigo, bem como despertou atitudes de compaixão, respeito, senso de responsabilidade e dever nos alunos para com os animais abandonados.

Element Stratification in the Middle-aged SN Ia Remnant G344.7–0.1

Abstract Despite their importance, a detailed understanding of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) remains elusive. X-ray measurements of the element distributions in supernova remnants (SNRs) offer important clues for understanding the explosion and nucleosynthesis mechanisms for SNe Ia. However, it is challenging to observe the entire ejecta mass in X-rays for young SNRs, because the central ejecta may not have been heated by the reverse shock yet. Here we present over 200 kilosecond Chandra observations of the Type Ia SNR G344.7–0.1, whose age is old enough for the reverse shock to have reached the SNR center, providing an opportunity to investigate the distribution of the entire ejecta mass. We reveal a clear stratification of heavy elements with a centrally peaked distribution of the Fe ejecta surrounded by intermediate-mass elements (IMEs: Si, S, Ar Ca) with an arc-like structure. The centroid energy of the Fe K emission is marginally lower in the central Fe-rich region than in the outer IME-rich regions, suggesting that the Fe ejecta were shock-heated more recently. These results are consistent with the prediction for standard SN Ia models, where the heavier elements are synthesized in the interior of an exploding white dwarf. We find, however, that the peak location of the Fe K emission is slightly offset to the west with respect to the geometric center of the SNR. This apparent asymmetry is likely due to the inhomogeneous density distribution of the ambient medium, consistent with our radio observations of the ambient molecular and neutral gas.

La poesía musicalizada de Vinicius de Moraes en la educación li-teraria. Análisis de A arca de Noé

El artículo que se presenta forma parte de una investigación en curso, desarrollada por Tabernero y Soares (2018-2019). El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la obra A arca de Noé del poeta Vinicius de Moraes y sus aportaciones a la educación literaria y artística. Partiendo de la premisa de que la lectura de versos en la infancia posibilita la formación del imaginario poético (Bajour, 2013) a través del ritmo y la musicalidad, este artículo tiene la intención presentar algunos elementos poéticos presentes en la obra A arca de Noé que fomentan el desarrollo de la competencia lecto-literaria en el marco de la educación artística. El libro A arca de Noé fue publicado en el año de 2004 por la editorial Companhia das Letrinhas, con poemas de Vinicius de Moraes e ilustraciones de Nelson Cruz. Dos razones fundamentan la selección de la obra: por una parte, se trata de un libro muy utilizado en las escuelas brasileñas y es considerado un clásico infantil; por otra parte, dada su naturaleza poética, en el año 1980 los poemas fueron musicalizados de tal modo que se consiguió una mayor difusión en el entorno escolar y social. Para analizar la obra se han aplicado los parámetros establecidos por Munita (2013); Bajour (2019) y Pisos (2019) y se concluye que la lectura de este libro clásico infantil brasileño contribuye de forma significativa a la formación del imaginario infantil y al desarrollo de la educación literaria de los niños debido a la forma compositiva que Vinicius de Moraes emplea en la composición de los versos.

Seizure: An Etruscan Hare Alabastron, circa 580-560 B.C.E. Reprinted from ARCA Blog, Friday, June 29, 2018.

Seizure: An Etruscan Hare Alabastron, circa 580-560 B.C.E. Reprinted from ARCA Blog, Friday, June 29, 2018.

Dating young MORB of the Central Indian Ridge (19°S): Unspiked K-Ar technique limitations versus 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating method

Abstract We have applied the unspiked K-Ar and the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar methods to samples precisely collected and localised, on both Central Indian Ridge flanks, to test their effectiveness and reliability when applied to the dating of recent (i.e. less than 1 Ma) MORBs. Twenty six samples) from the sixty five samples collected every ∼500 m up to the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary on both ridge flanks, were selected based on their distance from the ridge axis. Therefore, we can evaluate whether the isotopic ages are a good indicator of the crystallisation age by considering their geographic position with respect to the ridge axis (zero age) and the B/M magnetic boundary. Direct comparison of the isotopic and model ages shows that only 9 out of 26 samples were successfully dated. The GIMNAUT – MORB's test case amply demonstrates that the unspiked K-Ar technique, when applied to submerged volcanic samples, is subject to potentially defective assumptions of trapped atmospheric argon, excess/fractionated argon and extremely sensitive to alteration. Although the unspiked K-Ar technique is theoretically capable to produce high precision ages, the comparison with the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar techniques reveals that only 15% (i.e. 4 samples out of 26) of the ages obtained here are geologically meaningful. Five of the seven 40 Ar/ 39 Ar incremental heating experiments provide meaningful ages. Because potential sources of systematic errors such as excess 40 Ar*, recoil of 39 Ar K and 37 Ar Ca can be identified and because effects of alteration are significantly reduced by the pre-heating of the samples up to 500–600°c, the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar incremental heating method appears to be the method of choice to date MORBs.

Cambios de la microflora del suelo en varias etapas de la sucesión en Ciudad Colón, Costa Rica

The soil microfloras of a pastureland and three forests of different ages were studied in Ciudad Colon, Costa Rica. The arca studied is composed of orthent soils, at 800 m above sea level with an annual rainfall of about 2000 mm and a mean temperature of 23 C. The fern prothallus population is very low in the soil of the pastureland, it increases in the forests and reaches the highest level in that 30 years old. 00 the other hand, fungi are more abundant and diverse in the soil of the pastureland than in the younger forests (11 and 21 years old) but increases again in the 30 year-old forest. This situation could be considered as a case of microsuccession, since the species composition of the pastureland fungi community is different from that in the soil of the older forest. Algae were also more abundant and diverse in the pastureland than in the forests. The relative richness of algae and fungi communities in the soil of the pastureland could explain the highest rate of soil respiration observed here. Soil bacteria increased with the age of the forest.

Observation on curative effect of centipede powder combined with acupuncture cupping in the treatment of herpes zoster

Objective To observe the curative effect of centipede powder combined with acupuncture cupping in the treatment of herpes zoster.Methods 90 cases of herpes zoster patients were randomly divided into two groups:45 cases in the control group were given vidarabine monophosphate 300 mg intravenous drip,45cases in treatment group were treated with centipede powder combined with acupuncture and cupping therapy with treatment for 7 days.Two groups were observed in patients with herpes stop growing,the skin scar and pain relief time,and the treatment results were compared and analyzed.Results In the treatment group,we checked the blister,skin rash and pain of time,there was significant difference found compared with those of the control group (P ＜ 0.01).The clinical efficacy showed:32 cases in the treatment group were cured,11 cases markedly effective,effective rate was 95.56％; 26 cases in the control group were cured,11 cases markedly effective,effective rate was 82.22％.There was significant difference between the two groups (x2=4.22,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The centipede powder combined with acupuncture and cupping therapy on herpes zoster,in the aspects of rash dry scab,relieving pain,shortening the course of disease and the total effective rate,showed statistical significant difference compared with those of the control group,and it's affordable,easy,simple operation,which is suitable for application. Key words: Centipede; Acupuncture; Cupping; Herpes zoster

Synergistic activity of amenamevir (ASP2151) with nucleoside analogs against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus

ASP2151 (amenamevir) is a helicase–primase complex inhibitor with antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus HSV-1, HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). To assess combination therapy of ASP2151 with existing antiherpes agents against HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV, we conducted in vitro and in vivo studies of two-drug combinations. The combination activity effect of ASP2151 with nucleoside analogs acyclovir (ACV), penciclovir (PCV), or vidarabine (VDB) was tested via plaque-reduction assay and MTS assay, and the data were analyzed using isobolograms and response surface modeling. In vivo combination therapy of ASP2151 with valaciclovir (VACV) was studied in an HSV-1-infected zosteriform spread mouse model. The antiviral activity of ASP2151 combined with ACV and PCV against ACV-susceptible HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV showed a statistically significant synergistic effect (P<0.05). ASP2151 with VDB was observed to have additive effects against ACV-susceptible HSV-2 and synergistic effects against VZV. In the mouse model of zosteriform spread, the inhibition of disease progression via combination therapy was more potent than that of either drugs as monotherapy (P<0.05). These results indicate that the combination therapies of ASP2151 with ACV and PCV have synergistic antiherpes effects against HSV and VZV infections and may be feasible in case of severe disease, such as herpes encephalitis or in patients with immunosuppression.

The cup safe-zone and optimum combination of the acetabular and femoral anteversions in total hip arthroplasty

Objective To determine the cup safe-zone and the optimum combination of cup and neck anteversions in total hip arthroplasty(THA). Methods A three-dimensional generic parametric and kinematic simulation module of THA was developed.Ordinary and strict criteria were defined regarding hip ROM as follows:normal criteria:flexion ≥ 110°,intorsion ≥ 30° at 90° flexion,backward extension ≥ 30°and extorsion ≥40° at the neutral position without prosthetic impingement; strict criteria:flexion ≥ 120°,intorsion≥45°at 90° flexion,backward extension ≥30° and extoraion ≥40° at the neutral position without prosthetic impingement.The changes in die head-neck ratio (GR),die femoral neck anteversion (F.A),the operative inclination (OI) and anteversion(OA) of the cup component ranged respectively from 2.00 to 2.92,0 to 30°,10° to 60° and 0 to 70°.For the 2 collodiaphyseal angles(CCD) of 130° and 135°,the corresponding OA related to the OI at every 5° was calculated. Results The size of cup safe-zone by the strict criteria is smaller than that by the normal criteria,and the sizes are both increased when a larger GR is chosen.When the CCD-angle is 130°,the optimum relationships between acetabular OA and FA by the normal and strict criteria can be estimated with the formula: Y1 =-0.840X1 + 38.41 and Y2 =-1.007X2 +47.46 respectively. The minimum allowable operative inclination (O1min) of the acetabulum should be more than 168.13 GR1-2.504 and 213.79 GR2-2.272 respectively.When the CCD changes from 135° to 130°,the cup safe-zone moves to an arca of a smaller OA and shrinks slightly in area. Conclusions Although the more strict the criteria regarding hip ROM,the smaller the cup safe-zone,the reduced safe-zone can be retrieved by increasing the GR.The OImin is largely reduced with an increasing GR The OA is negatively associated with the FA.Increase in neck anteversion and decrease in CCD can move the cup safe-zone towards an area of a smaller OA. Key words: Arthroplasty, replacement, hip; Hip prosthesis; Range of motion, articular; Computer simulation

Low-dose interferon-γ influences differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cell through P27kip1

Objective To expore the mechanism of low-dose interfone-γ(IFN-γ) influences on differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cell. Methods The cerebral cortex samples were obtained from one day old SD rats to form mixed single cell suspensions. After culturing in full medium for 7 to 10 days, succession and differential velocity adherent technique were performed to acquire oligodendrocyte precursor cell and cultured in serum-free medium. IFN-γ, AG490 and Fludarabine were added during the culture of oligodendrocyte precursor cell and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the expression of intracellular P27kip1 and its influence on the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cell. Results (1)The expression of P27kip1 mRNA and protein was lower in IFN-γ group than in control group (t=85. 535, P<0. 05;t= 12. 481, P<0. 05), while the expression of P27kip1 mRNA and protein in IFN-γ+AG490 group and IFN-γ+Fludarabine group were both higher than those in IFN-γ group (P<0. 05). (2) The phosphorylation levels of JAK2/STAT1 in INF-γ group were higher than that in the other three groups (P<0. 05). (3) The percentage of myelin basic protein positive cells was (68. 42 ± 2. 53)% in IFN-γ group, lower than that in control group [(88.21 ± 1.97)%](t=10.682, P < 0.05). Myelin basic protein positive cells in IFN-γ + AG490 group were (57. 63 ±2. 75) %, lower than those in the IFN-γ group. The same figure in IFN-γ+Fludarabine group were (79. 53±4. 15)% , higher than those in IFN-γ group (t = 3.957, P<0.05). Conclusions Low-dose IFN-γ can regulate the expression of intracellular P27kip1 through JAK2/STAT1 signal transduction pathway and Fludarabine may participate in this process and improve the differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cell. Key words: Interferon type Ⅱ; Tyrphostins; Vidarabine; Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27; Oligodendroglia; Cell differentiation

Expanded prefabricated flaps of femoral artery and vein: an experimental study

Objective To study the microcirculation and structural changes, surviving area of expanded prefabricated flaps. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into expanded prefabricated, expender lined, simple prefabricated and free flap groups, each consisting of 10 rabbits. For the expanded prefabricated, expender lined and simple prefabricated groups, after the femoral artery and vein were transplanted into subcutaneous tissues of abdomen, and expanders were implanted into the deeper dartos. The free flap group was a blank control group. For the expanded prefabricated group, the expansion was carried out on 7th day postoperatively. On postoperative day 52, when the expander was fully expanded, island flaps with the prefabricated vessels as the pedicles were formed. The flaps were measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, light microscopy and digital re-cording of survival arca. Results When compared with the other groups, the perfusion volume of mi-crocirculation enhanced, flaps survival improved (97.54±2.73) %, blood capillary were stronger, to-gether with microscopic changes were significant in the expanded prefabricated groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Expandedprefabricated flaps can increase the survival size of the flaps and the safety of flap transplantation. Key words: Femoral artery and vein; Prefabricated flaps; Expension

Three New Species of Kapsa (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China

In this paper, three new species of the genus Kapsa Dworakowska, 1972 from China are described and illustrated: K. fangxianga n. sp., K. biprocessa n. sp. and K. arca n. sp.

Electron cross relaxation as a function of single relaxation contributions in double‐core ionization energies and spin–orbit splitting of atoms from Ar to Ba. I. 1s−2p− double‐core holes

AbstractOn the basis of numerical ab initio, delta and multiconfiguration Breit–Dirac–Fock (ΔBDF and MCBDF) computations, we have investigated the dependence of electron “cross relaxation” on the single relaxation contributions in double‐core ionization energies and spin–orbit splitting of atoms from Ar to Ba, excluding transition elements. The cross‐relaxation variation with Z was fitted to a quadratic function of the geometric average of the single relaxation contributions. For the family of atoms AlCl, it was found that the splitting of the levels is not a straight measure of 2p spin–orbit coupling. The families of “light” atoms ArCa and CuSr yielded together a set of best‐fit coefficients, while the family of heavier atoms AgBa yielded another set. The best‐fit functions were used to predict double‐core ionization energies from single ionization data and from Koopmans' values for atoms from Ar to Ba. For molecules a semiempirical expression is proposed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007

Intercalibration of international and domestic 40Ar/39Ar dating standards

Four international standards, Ga1550, MMhb-1, Lp-6, Bern 4M, and one domestic standard BT-1 have been intercalibrated. The repeated measurements on MMhb-1 with different mass demonstrate that MMhb-1 is inhomogeneous in age and its average age is 519.8 Ma. The results of Bern 4M and Lp-6 reflect that they have an invariable value of 40 Ar * / 39 Ar k (F) and the ages we obtained are consensus with their K-Ar age: Lp-6=127.7Ma; Bern 4M=18.2 Ma. Analyses of BT-1 age spectra, Ca/K and Cl/K spectra as well as inverse isochrons indicate that the sample is homogeneous and invariable and keeps close chemically, with its trapped argon isotope composition close to the atmosphere. The dating results show that age values are reproducible and steady, total fusion age, step-heating age, plateau age and isochron age are in accord with each other within the error range (2s). Therefore, we recommend 28.7 Ma as the calibrated age of BT-1. We also discuss the variation in neutron flux gradients of Beijing 49-2 reactor. It was found that the neutron flux gradient varies considerably, and more monitors (standard samples) are needed to fix the trend of variation. The coefficient of the 49-2 reactor that transfers the ratio of production rate of 37 Ar Ca / 39 Ar K into Ca/K ratio is 1.78. This is different from that reported earlier, 2.0, which may be caused by the reconstruction of the reactor.

Book Review&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Gender-Based Violence: A Public Health and Human Rights Issue &lt;br&gt;By M Velzeboer, E Ellsber, C Clavel Arcas, C Garcia-Moreno (2003)

Violence against Women: the Health Sector Responds 2003, Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC ISBN 92-75-12292X Journal of Psychology in Africa 2005, 15(1): 109

Effects of Fe- and Ca-based additives on NO emission during gasification of N-containing model compound under different atmospheres

The effects of iron and calcium compounds on NO emission during CZC (carbazole char) gasification under different O 2 concentrations have been investigated in a quartz tube fixed bed reactor. Temperature-programmed gasification was preformed to determine the influence of O 2 concentration and catalytic effects of iron and calcium on NO emission. The results show that the O 2 concentration strongly influences NO emission during CZC gasification; suitable O 2 concentration could largely reduce NO emission, but high or low O 2 concentration is unfavorable to reduce NO pollution. Iron catalysts increase NO emission during CZC gasification in O 2 concentration ranging from 20.9 to 1.2%, and their catalytic effects are strongly depended on O 2 concentration. The order of their catalytic effects is Fe(AC) 2>FeCl 2≈FeCl 3. Different kinds of iron compounds show different catalytic activities for their different dispersion on CZC and their different decomposition tendency to form active sites. Calcium compounds show different effects on NO emission depending on O 2 concentration. Ca(AC) 2 and CaCl 2 increase NO emission under high O 2 concentration (such as 20.9%), but they decrease NO under low O 2 concentration (such as 1.2%). When CZC gasification under 4.8% O 2–Ar, Ca(AC) 2 decreases NO emission, but CaCl 2 increases NO emission.

View changes in augmented reality computer-aided-drawing

A prototype augmented reality computer-aided-drawing (AR CAD) prototype aimed at supporting a design detailing and review process has been developed. Utilizing head-mounted displays, AR CAD supports users in manipulating design models with two possible view change mechanisms---observer movement around the virtual object (model) or rotation of the virtual object. Previous studies in scene recognition across views of real objects yielded performances that were better under observer movement conditions, than under object rotation conditions. Based on these studies, it is hypothesized that the perception of 3D designs in an augmented scene from the AR CAD prototype is also better when changing views by observer movement than by model rotation. This study presents an experiment to test this hypothesis, so as to address the question of the appropriate mechanisms for view change that best support the perception of 3D designs presented in an augmented reality platform. The findings from the experiment suggest that an individual's perception of 3D designs in an augmented scene from AR CAD depends, in part, on the type of view change, showing that performance was better after observer movement than after model rotation.

CUIDANDO DA FAMILIA DA CRIANÇA HOSPITALIZADA

Este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para a discussão acerca da assistência à família da criança hospitalizada por meio de uma reflexão teórica articulada à nossa experiência na área. Buscou-se compreender a situação da família diante da hospitalização da criança e os desafios para a equipe de enfermagem no aprendizado da abordagem da família no contexto da internação. Verificou-se que os familiares possuem expectativas e necessidades distintas dos profissionais, que apresentam dificuldades em acolher, orientar e apoiar as famílias. A falta de condições técnico-científicas e operacionais para o atendimento adequado é um dos fatores limitantes. Sugere-se que para a implementação de um modelo assistencial que contemple as necessidades da criança e de sua família haja investimentos na infra-estrutura e na formação específica de profissionais para que seja possível garantir a transformação da realidade na assistência à criança hospitalizada.