Reactions In Aqueous Media Research Articles

Trace Ru Incorporation Boosted Co2P Nanorods for Superior Water Electrolysis and Substrate-Paired Electrolysis Toward Value-Added Chemicals in Alkaline Medium.

Electro-valorization of biomass-derived chemicals has ensured sustainable production of value-added products, an effective approach for reducing carbon footprint, through renewable energy. Electrochemical oxidation and reduction reactions in aqueous media using H2O as a potential source for active hydrogenated and oxygenated species fulfill the purpose. In this study, Ru─Co2P nanorods are explored as a bifunctional electrocatalyst toward valorization of Organics at basic media. The in-situ electrogenerated Co3+ and Co4+ species act as active oxidants toward product selectivity. An overpotential of 68mV is found for hydrogen evolution reaction (1m NaOH) with Ru─Co2P. Further, used as cathode, Ru─Co2P effectively reduces furfuraldehyde to furfuryl alcohol and p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol. Ru doping enables ease of formation of active species both for reduction and oxidation, faster charge transfer between catalyst to absorbates. Density Functional Theory calculation establishes Ru incorporation in Co2P surface results in enhanced adsorption of substrates. Ru doping modulates the electronic structure of Co2P which changes the density of states resulting in faster water dissociation and water splitting. To reach 10mAcm-2 current density only 1.6V is required for water electrolysis, whereas 1.4V is enough for substrate-paired electrolysis with simultaneous oxidation of benzyl alcohol and reduction of p-nitro phenol.

Abiotic Acyl Transfer Cascades Driven by Aminoacyl Phosphate Esters and Self-Assembly.

Biochemical acyl transfer cascades, such as those initiated by the adenylation of carboxylic acids, are central to various biological processes, including protein synthesis and fatty acid metabolism. Designing cascade reactions in aqueous media remains challenging due to the need to control multiple, sequential reactions in a single pot and manage the stability of reactive intermediates. Herein, we developed abiotic cascades using aminoacyl phosphate esters, the synthetic counterparts of biological aminoacyl adenylates, to drive sequential chemical reactions and self-assembly in a single pot. We demonstrated that the structural elements of amino acid side chains (aromatic versus aliphatic) significantly influence the reactivity and half-lives of aminoacyl phosphate esters, ranging from hours to days. This behavior, in turn, affects the number of couplings we can achieve in the network and the self-assembly propensity of activated intermediate structures. The cascades are constructed using bifunctional peptide substrates featuring side chain nucleophiles. Specifically, aromatic amino acids facilitate the formation of transient thioesters, which preorganized into spherical aggregates and further couple into chimeric assemblies composed of esters and thioesters. In contrast, aliphatic amino acids, which lack the ability to form such structures, predominantly undergo hydrolysis, bypassing further transformations after thioester formation. Additionally, in mixtures containing multiple aminoacyl phosphate esters and peptide substrates, we achieved selective product formation by following a distinct pathway that favors subsequent reactions through reactivity changes and self-assembly. By coupling chemical reactions with molecules of varying reactivity time scales, we can drive multiple reaction clocks with distinct lifetimes and self-assembly dynamics, facilitating precise temporal and structural regulation.

Mandarin Peels-Derived Carbon Dots: A Multifaceted Fluorescent Probe for Cu(II) Detection in Tap and Drinking Water Samples.

Carbon dots (CDs) derived from mandarin peel biochar (MBC) at different pyrolysis temperatures (200, 400, 600, and 800 °C) have been synthesized and characterized. This high-value transformation of waste materials into fluorescent nanoprobes for environmental monitoring represents a step forward towards a circular economy. In this itinerary, CDs produced via one-pot hydrothermal synthesis were utilized for the detection of copper (II) ions. The study looked at the spectroscopic features of biochar-derived CDs. The selectivity of CDs obtained from biochar following carbonization at 400 °C (MBC400-CDs towards various heavy metal ions resulted in considerable fluorescence quenching with copper (II) ions, showcasing their potential as selective detectors. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis validated the MBC-CDs' consistent spherical shape, with a particle size of <3 nm. The Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) was used to study three elements that influence the F0/F ratio, with the best ratio obtained with a pH of 10, for 10 min, and an aqueous reaction medium. Cu (II) was detected over a dynamic range of 4.9-197.5 μM and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 μM. Validation testing proved the accuracy and precision for evaluating tap and mountain waters with great selectivity and no interference from coexisting metal ions.

In-Situ structural and Adsorbate Induced Surface Evolutions Monitored By Electrochemical Stress Measurements

We report on in-situ electrochemical stress measurements of well-defined surfaces during electrochemical reactions in aqueous media. Electrochemical stress measurements during hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on Pt surfaces shows distinct pH-dependent features which we assign to anion adsorption/desorption and hydrogen adsorption/desorption. Our surface stress analysis shows higher hydrogen induced stresses at alkaline environments than stresses observed at acidic pHs. This observation is consistent with the monotonic change in apparent hydrogen binding energy with pH, most likely due to the changes in water interactions with surface. However, H-induced surface stress shows a dramatic increase around neutral pH. We will present our analysis of how interfacial water may explain this effect. Additionally, we will show how in-situ underpotential deposition of Cu on Pt and Ni on Au changes Had induced effects on these surfaces.We will also discuss the structural and compositional evolution of Sr2Fe2O6-δ thin films during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Interestingly, in-situ electrochemical stress measurements show a tensile stress response during OER which is different from Au model surfaces. We will present our analysis of how potential controlled formation of iron (oxy)hydorxides may explain in-situ stress response and structural evolution of perovskite type structures during OER.In summary, our analysis shows how adsorbate-induced effects can be used to explain surface reactions, and particularly explain and provide insight into interfacial structural changes and water interactions at different pHs.

Lithium-Mediated Nitrogen Reduction in a Flow Electrolyzer Cell Using Gas Diffusion Electrodes with Carbon-Based Electrocatalysts

Due to the sluggish kinetics in activating the chemically stable dinitrogen (N2) and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction in aqueous media, recent attention in the field of direct ammonia (NH3) electrosynthesis has been increasingly drawn to the lithium-mediated N2 reduction reaction (LNRR) in tetrahydrofuran (THF)-based non-aqueous electrolyte. In particular, near 100% faradaic efficiency (FE) and/or a current density (j) of 100 mA cm-2 has been demonstrated with unique electrolyte (proton-shuttle additive) and/or electrode designs (expansive electrochemical surface area) in single-compartment cells at elevated N2 pressure (5 – 20 bar).[1,2]A submerged electrode leads to electrolyte flooding and restricts to N2 mass transfer to the electrode surface where electrodeposited Li as an electron mediator is available.[3] However, flow cell electrolyzers containing gas-diffusion electrodes can improve this technology to practical relevance, which features the LNRR on the cathode and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) on the anode. Differing from single-compartment cells, the HOR supplements the ethanol additive (<1 vol%) as the proton source, which not only prevents the oxidative electrolyte degradation but also reduces the energy consumption due to a lower equilibrium anode potential (E0 = 0 VRHE). Gas-diffusion electrodes (GDEs) are used in the few LNRR studies with flow cell configurations, which are prepared by electro- or electroless depositing electrocatalysts (e.g., Pt [4] or PtAu alloy [5]) onto a porous substrate.In this work, carbon-based electrocatalysts (Vulcan XC72R carbon black, battery-grade conductive carbon SUPER C45, and graphitic carbon SFG6L) as low-cost alternatives to previously studied precious metals are assessed for their LNRR performance in flow cells using an HOR anode. In comparison to Vulcan-supported Pt, XC72R and C45 can obtain similar NH3 production rates (rNH3 )and FE at the same . Continuous LNRR at -3 mA cm-2 was demonstrated with linearly increased NH3 production for over 8 h without catalyst layer detachment, which was also verified with open circuit and Ar control experiments (Fig. 1). By presenting the LNRR activity with GDEs spray-coated with carbon-based electrocatalysts, opportunities for future research are suggested, such as novel carbon materials and porous substrates other than SSC for facile N2 mass transfer and Li deposition.

Fe-doped TiO2/PVDF-HFP electrospun membranes for tetracycline photocatalytic degradation under visible light

Heterogeneous photocatalysis operated under visible light is considered an efficient and ecofriendly method to remove pharmaceuticals from water streams. However, the recovery of the nano-sized catalyst particles limits this technology to small-scale applications. In this study, we prepared Fe-doped P25 TiO2 photocatalysts and immobilized them over PVDF-HFP electrospun membranes for the photocatalytic degradation of Tetracycline antibiotic under visible light. To ensure uniform distribution of the nanoparticles on the fibers, the electrospinning voltage and the weight percentage of TiO2 were varied, and two preparation methods were applied to disperse the catalyst in the polymeric solution. In order to maximize the visible light exposure of the membranes, 3D printed membrane holders with square and circular shapes were designed to immerse the membrane in Tetracycline solution. The results showed that immobilizing P25 catalysts on the fibers of the membranes limited their visible light absorption when the light source was assembled on the top of the aqueous reaction medium. This occurred due to the membrane's opacity limited light penetration, resulting in uneven irradiation throughout its depth. Based on this, a new photocatalytic reactor design was proposed with immersed light illumination source to reduce the distance between the membrane and the light source for improved activation of the P25 particles. In this design, a 3D-printed vertical membrane holder was also included to accommodate a larger membrane surface area and therefore minimize the required spatial area for large industrial applications.

Nickel-Catalyzed Cyanation of Allylic Alcohols: High Degree of Chiral Inversion in Aqueous Reaction Media.

Nickel-catalyzed aqueous cyanation of allylic alcohols is herein described. This catalytic protocol provided environmentally friendly and operationally simple access to a variety of allylic nitriles in good yields. For chiral allylic alcohols, the reaction gave chiral allylic nitriles with a high degree of chiral inversion. The accelerated release of cyanide in H2O was crucial for the success of this reaction.

Water-Dispersible, Magnetically Recyclable Heterogeneous Cobalt Catalyst for C-C and C-N Cross-Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media.

A cobalt catalyst supported on an iron oxide core, denoted as γ-Fe2O3@PEG@THMAM-Co, has been prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray mapping, thermogravimetry differential thermogravimetry, vibrating sample magnetometry, and inductively coupled plasma. Polyhydroxy end groups in the shell make the catalyst particles dispersible in water, allowing Hiyama, Suzuki, and C-N cross-coupling reactions of aryl iodides and bromides. The catalyst could be recovered by magnetic decantation and reused for at least five successive runs with a negligent decrease in its activity or changes in its morphology. Water as a solvent without requiring additives, surfactants, or organic co-solvents, as well as an abundant and low-cost cobalt catalyst combined with facile recovery, low leaching, and scalability, provides an environmentally and economically attractive alternative to established palladium-catalyzed C-C and C-N coupling reactions.

Metal halide perovskites for solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion in aqueous media

AbstractSolar‐driven energy conversion is a promising technology for a sustainable energy future and environmental remediation, and an efficient catalyst is a key factor. Recently, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as promising photocatalysts due to their exceptional photoelectronic properties and low‐cost solution processing, enabling successful applications in H2 evolution, CO2 reduction, organic synthesis, and pollutant degradation. Despite these successes, the practical applications of MHPs are limited by their water instability. In this review, the recently developed strategies driving MHP‐catalyzed reactions in aqueous media are outlined. We first articulate the structures and properties of MHPs, followed by elaborating on the origin of instability in MHPs. Then, we highlight the advances in solar‐driven MHP‐based catalytic systems in aqueous solutions, focusing on developing external protection strategies and intrinsically water‐stable MHP materials. With each approach offering peculiar sets of advantages and challenges, we conclude by outlining potentially promising opportunities and directions for MHP‐based photocatalysis research in aqueous conditions moving forward. We anticipate that this timely review will provide some inspiration for the design of MHP‐based photocatalysts, manifestly stimulating their applications in aqueous environments for solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion.

Visible Light [2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Thermoresponsive Dendronized Styryltriazines To Exhibit Tunable Microconfinement.

Visible light-triggered photochemical reactions in aqueous media are highly valuable to tailor molecular structures and properties in an ecofriendly manner. Here we report visible light-induced catalyst-free [2 + 2] cycloadditions of thermoresponsive dendronized styryltriazines, which show tunable microconfinement to guest dyes in aqueous media. These dendronized styryltriazines are constituted of conjugated mono- or tristyryltriazines, which carry hydrophilic dendritic oligoethylene glycol (OEG) pendants. They underwent efficient [2 + 2] cycloadditions to form dendronized cyclobutane dimers or oligomers in water through irradiation with visible light of 400 nm, and their cycloaddition behavior was dominated by dendritic architectures and solvent conditions. Dendronization with dendritic OEGs also afforded them characteristic thermoresponsive properties with tunable phase transition temperatures in the range 36-65 °C, which can be further modulated through photocycloaddition of styryltriazine chromophores. Importantly, dendronized styryltriazines can form tunable microenvironments in aqueous media, which encapsulate hydrophobic solvatochromic Nile red to exhibit variable photophysical properties. The encapsulated guest dye can be simultaneously released through noninvasive visible light-induced [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions.

Efficient Enzymatic Synthesis of Carbamates in Water Using Promiscuous Esterases/Acyltransferases.

Biocatalysis provides an attractive approach to facilitate synthetic reactions in aqueous media. Motivated by the discovery of promiscuous aminolysis activity of esterases, we exploited the esterase from Pyrobaculum calidifontis VA1 (PestE) for the synthesis of carbamates from different aliphatic, aromatic, and arylaliphatic amines and a set of carbonates such as dimethyl-, dibenzyl-, or diallyl carbonate. Thus, aniline and benzylamine derivatives, aliphatic and even secondary amines could be efficiently converted into the corresponding benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz)- or allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc)-protected products in bulk water, with (isolated) yields of up to 99 %.

Effiziente enzymatische Synthese von Carbamaten in Wasser durch promiskuitive Esterasen/Acyltransferasen

AbstractDie Biokatalyse bietet einen attraktiven Ansatz, um synthetische Reaktionen in wässriger Lösung zu ermöglichen. Motiviert durch die Entdeckung der vielseitigen Aminolyseaktivität von Esterasen haben wir die Esterase aus Pyrobaculum calidifontis VA1 (PestE) für die Synthese von Carbamaten aus verschiedenen aliphatischen, aromatischen und arylaliphatischen Aminen sowie einer Reihe von Carbonaten wie Dimethyl‐, Dibenzyl‐ oder Diallylcarbonat genutzt. So konnten Anilin‐ und Benzylaminderivate, aliphatische und sogar sekundäre Amine effizient in die entsprechenden Benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz)‐ oder Allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc)‐geschützten Produkte in wässriger Lösung, mit (isolierten) Ausbeuten von bis zu 99 % umgesetzt werden.

Flavonoid-metal ion Complexes as Potent Anticancer metallodrugs: A comprehensive Review.

Flavonoids and their analogous are mainly found in pink lady apples, green and black tea (catechins), celery and red peppers, onions, broccoli and spinach, berries, cherries, soybean, citrus fruits, and fungi. The different derivatives of flavonoids belonging to polyphenolic compounds such as 3,4',5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavylium (pelargonidin), 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol (cyanidin), 3,3',4',5,5',7-Hexahydroxyflavylium (delphinidin), 3,3',4',5,7-Pentahydroxy-5'-methoxyflavylium (petunidin), and 3,4',5,7-Tetrahydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavylium (malvidin) can act as good chelating agents for metal-chelate complex formation. These flavonoid-metal complexes have been reported to have various biomedical and pharmacological activities. Flavonoid-metal ion complexes display a broad spectrum of biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antiviral, anticarcinogenic, and cytotoxic activity. The literature survey showed that flavonoid metal complexes have potential therapeutic properties against various cancerous cells. The objective is to gain insight into the current perspective and development of novel anticancer metallodrug drugs. The flavonoid-metal ion complexes can be prepared by reacting flavonoid ligand with appropriate metal salt in aqueous or alcoholic reaction medium under stirring or refluxing conditions. In this review article, the various reported methods for the synthesis of flavonoid-metal complexes have been included. The utility of synthetic methods for flavonoid-metal complexes will support the discovery of novel therapeutic drugs. In this review study, short libraries of flavonoid-metal ion complexes were studied as potential anticancer agents against various human cancer cell lines. The review report reveals that metal ions such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rh, Ru, Ga, Ba, Sn etc., when binding to flavonoid ligands, enhance the anticancer activity compared to free ligands. This review study covered some important literature surveys for the last two decades. It has been concluded that flavonoid metal complexes have been associated with a wide range of biological properties that could be noteworthy in the medicinal field. Therefore, to develop a new anticancer drug, it is essential to determine the primordial interaction drug with DNA under physiological or anatomical conditions. The study of numerous flavonoid metal complexes mentioned in this paper could be the future treatment against various cancerous diseases.

Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol using nanomaterials silver halide catalysts

In this study, the photocatalytic activity of nanomaterials Ag/AgX (X = Cl, Br, I) is reported. Highly efficient silver halide (Ag/AgX where X = Cl, Br, I) photocatalysts were synthesized through a hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized using a range of techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) to check their structural, morphology, textural and optical properties. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of photocatalysts was evaluated through the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) under UV and visible light irradiation. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of a single-phase structure (pure phase) in the synthesized photocatalysts. SEM micrographs showed agglomeration with a non-uniform distribution of particles, which is a characteristic of surfactant-free precipitation reactions in aqueous media. The Ag/AgBr photocatalyst exhibited the best degradation efficiency, resulting in 83.37% and 89.39% photodegradation after 5 h of UV and visible light irradiation, respectively. The effect of catalyst loading, initial solution pH, and 2,4-DCP concentration was investigated for the best-performing Ag/AgBr photocatalyst. The degradation kinetics were best described by the pseudo-first-order Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. The photocatalytic capacity of Ag/AgBr decreased by 50% after five reuse cycles. SEM images revealed heightened levels of photodegradation on the catalyst surface. The study proved the feasibility of using simple synthesis methods to produce visible light active photocatalysts capable of degrading refractory phenolic pollutants in aqueous systems.

Covalently crosslinked coacervates: immobilization and stabilization of proteins with enhanced enzymatic activity.

Coacervates represent models for membrane-free protocells and thus provide a simple route to synthetic cellular-like systems that provide selective encapsulation of solutes. Here, we demonstrate a simple and versatile post-coacervation crosslink method using the thiol-ene click reaction in aqueous media to prepare covalently crosslinked coacervates. The crosslinking of the coacervate enables stability at extreme pH where the uncrosslinked coacervate fully disassembles. The crosslinking also enhances the hydrophobicity within the coacervate environment to increase the encapsulation efficiency of bovine serum albumin (BSA), as compared to the uncrosslinked coacervate. Additionally, the crosslinked coacervate increases the stabilization of BSA at low pH. These crosslinked coacervates can act as carriers for enzymes. The enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is enhanced within the crosslinked coacervate compared to the ALP in aqueous solution. The post-coacervation crosslink approach allows the utilization of coacervates for encapsulation of biologicals under conditions where the coacervate would generally disassemble. We demonstrate that these crosslinked coacervates enable the protection of encapsulated protein against denaturation at extreme pH and enhance the enzymatic activity with encapsulation. This click approach to stabilization of coacervates should be broadly applicable to other systems for a variety of biologics and environmentally sensitive molecules.

A colorimetric probe for rapid and simultaneous detection of alkylresorcinols and ferulic acid based on in-situ coupling reaction in aqueous media

Rapid and simultaneous detection of Alkylresorcinols (ARs) and ferulic acid (FA) could evaluate qualities of commercial wheat products comprehensively and improving product quality. In this work, we have developed a colorimetric strategy for rapid and simultaneous detection of ARs and FA by using in-situ coupling reaction between analytes and diazotized small molecule probe in aqueous media. This strategy featured a rapid response, obvious color change, simple preprocessing, high sensitivity and selectivity. The limit of detection (LOD) can be as low as 0.244 μM and 0.5 μM for ARs and FA, respectively. The sensing mechanism was investigated by spectroscopy technique. Excellent practical application of this method was further confirmed to simultaneously monitor ARs and FA in real samples. The accuracy of the method could be reached to 95.0 % and 99.6 % for ARs and FA respectively. To our knowledge, this work firstly reported a sensor for ARs and FA simultaneous determination.

Magnetically separable new Fe3O4@AgZr2(PO4)3 nanocomposite catalyst for the synthesis of novel isoxazole/isoxazoline-linked 1,2,3-triazoles in water under ultrasound cavitation

In this work, we report a novel magnetically separable Fe3O4@AgZr2(PO4)3 as heterogeneous nano-composite catalyst for the one-pot four-step cascade sulfonylation/Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition/azidation/click reactions in water under ultrasound cavitation. This strategy appears to be suitable for obtaining new analogues of isoxazole/isoxazoline-linked 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in sustainable way starting from propargyl or allyl alcohol/sulfonyl chloride/oximes/sodium azide/and terminal alkynes. The effects of ultrasonic probe position as well as vessel shape on the chemical reaction were investigated. Three different types of 25 mL glass vessels were used in this study: round-bottomed flasks, erlenmeyer flasks and pear-shaped flasks. The heterogeneous nanocomposite was synthesized by supporting magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles on AgZr2(PO4)3 material (Fe3O4@AgZr2(PO4)3). The crystalline nature and purity of the catalyst were characterized using various techniques, including FT-IR, EDX, and XRD. Dispersity and morphology were characterized by SEM analysis. The findings indicate that Fe3O4 particles ranging in size from 50 to 75 nm were evenly distributed on the surface of AgZr2(PO4)3. The use of an aqueous reaction medium, the simple and inexpensive recovery of the catalyst by the application of an external magnet and the high and constant catalytic efficiency over at least five consecutive cycles make this protocol more interesting from an operational point of view. All synthesized products 6a–j and 7a–f were prepared in excellent yields (86–95 %) in short reaction time (2.25h). Their structures were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-MS and HPLC analyses.

Colloid template route for the synthesis of polyaniline-Pd nanocomposite and catalytic activity study for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction in aqueous media

Colloid template route for the synthesis of polyaniline-Pd nanocomposite and catalytic activity study for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction in aqueous media

Molybdenum trioxide-decorated carbon nanotubes: An efficient and reusable catalyst for cross-dehydrogenative coupling-type aza-Henry reaction in aqueous media

Highly efficient and reusable heterogeneous molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) catalysts were prepared by anchoring MoO3 nanoparticles onto thiolated carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the orthorhombic-structured MoO3 nanoparticles were successfully anchored onto the surface of the CNTs, and the average particle size was approximately 2.6 nm. We evaluated the applicability of the prepared catalyst in the cross-dehydrogenative coupling-type aza-Henry reaction of N-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with nitromethane. The catalyst showed very good reactivity in water; the used catalyst could be readily recovered by simple filtration and reused eight times with almost unchanged activity. The high reactivity and good reusability can be attributed to the high surface area of the nanosized catalysts and the strong adhesion between MoO3 and thiolated CNTs.

Pd-Complexes with Azanediylbis(1,2-azolyl)- and Bis(1,2-azolyl)carboxamide Ligands for Catalysis of Cross-Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media

Pd-Complexes with Azanediylbis(1,2-azolyl)- and Bis(1,2-azolyl)carboxamide Ligands for Catalysis of Cross-Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media