Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions Research Articles

Effect of Aqueous Electrolyte Composition on Efficiency of Electrochemical Post-Processing of Additive Manufacturing Products from Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Obtained by Selective Electron Beam Melting

The influence of the anionic composition of an aqueous electrolyte on the efficiency of the electrochemical leveling of the initial microgeometry of samples obtained by the selective electron beam melting (SEBM) at the following mode parameters was studied: current density – 20 A/cm2, initial interelectrode gap – 0.3 mm, average speed of electrolyte pumping – 12 m/c. Aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, nitrate, perchlorate and bisalt electrolytes based on them were studied. It was that aqueous solutions of sodium perchlorate have the best microleveling properties among the studied working media, which provides the ability to reduce the parameters Ra and Rz from values of 35 and 180 μm, respectively, to values of 3.2 and 20 μm during electrolysis of 30 s in a direct-flow electrolyzer. It was established that the microgeometry leveling corresponds to the model of the secondary distribution of dissolution rates; two main factors were identified that significantly influenced on the result: polarization of the electrodes and a decrease in the oxidation state of metal ions passing into the solution during electrochemical machining in the vicinity of the depression in relation to the protrusion due to changes in the local conditions of electrolysis. Microetching along grain boundaries in the studied electrolytes was not detected at the accepted parameters of the electrolysis mode.

Kinetics and the Mechanism of Reduction of Hexacholoroiridate (IV) by Carcinogenic Nicotine as an Alkaloid in Aqueous Solutions with the Determination of Ionization Constant of Nicotine

Background: Nicotine (NIC) is a lipid-soluble alkaloid found predominantly in tobacco products, including cigarettes, cigars, and oral tobacco products such as snuff and chewing tobacco. Since nicotine substrate is the major constituent of tobacco smoke, it may cause negatively impacted problems for human healthcare, which keeps many users hooked. Method: A spectrophotometric technique has been applied to investigate the kinetics of reductoin hexachloroiridate (IV) as an inert one-equivalent oxidant by carcinogenic nicotine (NIC) in aqueous perchlorate solutions. Results: First-order in [IrCl6]2- and fractional-first-order concerning the nicotine concentration has been revealed. Kinetic evidence for forming a 1:1 intermediate complex between the NIC and [IrCl6]2- before the rate-determining step was confirmed. Conclusion: The ionization constants of nicotine were evaluated from the kinetic data and are 8.57x10-4 and 4.57 x 10-4 moldm-3 at an ionic strength of 0.5 moldm-3 and 30°C and 40°C, respectively. The activation parameters have been deduced from the kinetic results of the temperature dependence of rate constants. A plausible reaction mechanism for the redox reaction is suggested and discussed. Nicotinic acid (Vitamin B3) was formed as an oxidation product of nicotine oxidation.

A possible perchlorate-enabled mechanism for forming thick near surface excess ice layers; in the Amazonian regolith of Mars

We use the freezing point depressing magnesium and calcium perchlorates in Martian regolith to redistribute ground ice by residual liquid water migration following the initial emplacement of ground ice by vapour deposition. This residual liquid water is moved by forces generated by periodic surface temperatures that decay with depth in conjunction with the geothermal vertical temperature gradient. We examine the period means of the bulk water speeds with depth and the mean divergence of the bulk water speeds, which relates to the rate of change in ice content in the regolith. Silt and clay rich regoliths behave differently. In silty regolith, for the short 1.88 a period and for longer 50 ka (precession) and 120 ka (obliquity) temperature cycles, there is a mean movement of liquid perchlorate aqueous solution that results in formation of near surface excess ice layers. The excess ice formed by the seasonal 1.88a period is confined at high latitudes to the upper meter of regolith. For the longer periods, there is a well-defined surface temperature region where near surface thick (≥40 m) excess ice layers form; (from 192 K to 210 K). For mean surface temperatures <192 K no near surface thick excess ice layers formed, but deeper layers are predicted and followed. The formation of excess ice layers in silt near the surface is controlled by the relationship between the temperature cycles, geothermal gradient and the eutectic temperature of the perchlorate (eg. ~198 K for Ca and ~ 205 K for Mg perchlorate). At a given depth if the periodic temperature is below the eutectic then there is nearly no liquid water left and what there is has much higher viscosity. The sudden change in the liquid water amount and viscosity with temperature generates net average water speeds in silts that are two orders larger than in clays.

Differences in perchlorate adsorption to azobenzene monolayers on gold formed from thioacetate and thiol precursors

Abstract Modification of metal surfaces with complex molecules opens interesting opportunities to build additional functionality into these surfaces. In this work, self assembled monolayers (SAMs) based on the same photoswitchable azobenzene motif but with different head groups have been synthesized and their SAMs on Au(111)/Si substrates have been characterized. 3-[(4-phenylazo)phenoxy]propyl thiol (PAPT) and its acetyl group protected analog, 3-[(4-phenylazo)phenoxy]propyl thioacetate (PAPA), have been synthesized. SAMs from PAPT and PAPA have been characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The SAM-forming units of both SAMs are the same, as confirmed by IR and XPS, and the SAMs have similar surface coverage, as evidenced by analysis of the reductive desorption peaks in CVs. The tilt angle of the azobenzene moiety was ca. 75° with respect to the surface normal as determined by IR spectroscopy, i.e., the molecules are lying quite flat on the gold surface. Despite similar surface coverages, the CVs for PAPT in aqueous perchlorate solution show a typical perchlorate adsorption peak to gold, whereas the corresponding experiments with PAPA show no perchlorate adsorption at all. In conclusion, SAM formation can lead to an increase in the number of electrochemically accessible surface sites on the final, SAM covered surface. Whether the amount of such sites increases or decreases, depends on the precursor. The precursor most likely affects the adsorption mechanism and thus the atomic surface structure of the metal at the metal/SAM interface. Thus, details of the SAM formation mechanism, which is affected by the precursor used, can have quite strong effects on the electrochemical properties, and likely also electrocatalytic properties, of the resulting modified surface.

Densities and Apparent Molar Volumes of Aqueous Solutions of NaClO4, KClO4, and KCl at Temperatures from 293 to 343 K

Densities of aqueous solutions of the strong electrolytes sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, and potassium chloride have been measured by vibrating-tube densimetry at 5 K intervals over the temperature range 293.15 ≤ T (K) ≤ 343.15 up to near-saturation concentrations (for NaClO4 and KClO4) or to about 2 mol·kg–1 (for KCl) at 0.1 MPa pressure. Particular attention was paid to solute purity and solution composition. The densities were used to calculate the corresponding apparent molar volumes, Vϕ, which considerably extend and improve the quality of the volumetric database for these salts, especially with respect to temperature. Where comparisons were possible, the present Vϕ results agreed well with most literature data, with the significant exception of NaClO4(aq) at higher temperatures. The Vϕ values were extrapolated to infinite dilution using an extended Redlich–Rosenfeld–Meyer equation to yield the standard state partial molar volumes (V2o). A combination of these values with relevant literature data and a well-established extra-thermodynamic assumption was used to estimate the standard molar volumes, V2o(ion), of several key monovalent ions as functions of temperature. These values appear to be more reliable than existing estimates based on older data, and will be useful for determining volumes of other ions in aqueous solution.

Switching of the ion exchange behaviour of PEDOT thin films during a potential cycling: An electrochemical atomic force microscopy study

Thickness variations of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films placed under potential conditioning were measured with the help of electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM). In this purpose, in-situ AFM operating in the contact mode was coupled with either cyclic voltammetry (CV) or advanced cyclic voltammetry (AdCV). A PEDOT functionnalized platinum electrode was used simultaneously as a sample for in-situ AFM measurements and a working electrode in a usual three electrode electrochemical setup. PEDOT films were electrodeposited with the help of the CV technique from lithium perchlorate aqueous solutions. From these EC-AFM investigations, brand new PEDOT films were found to be anion exchangers, in good agreement with conclusions of investigations reported in literature. Unexpectedly, PEDOT films having undergone a comprehensive electrochemical cycling (i.e. an electrochemical aging) in a potential range encompassing narrowly their redox process by using tens of CV or AdCV potential cycles behave as cation exchangers. Such observation strongly suggests that the electrochemo-mechanical and ion exchange behaviours of PEDOT can be both switched by simply using a potential cycling. Interestingly, the initial steps of this switching process were observed on a brand new PEDOT film during 26 consecutive CV scans. In the course of this process still ongoing at the end of the 26th cycle, a second swelling peak appears and grows progressively beside the initial swelling peak attributed to an anion exchange behaviour. This leads to a dual ion exchange behaviour for the resulting PEDOT film within the explored potential range. Indeed, this new swelling peak can be attributed to a cation exchange behaviour from the comparison of the potential dependant chronothicknograms and corresponding voltathicknograms with those obtained previously in this work.

Modification of local and collective dynamics of water in perchlorate solution, induced by pressure and concentration

The presence of ions induces perturbations in the water network, these structural and dynamic modifications can extent over space scales overcoming the local solvation shell: aqueous solutions of sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) are characterized by extended phenomena of structure breaking of the solvent network. The aim of the present work is the experimental investigation of the interplay between the local structural modifications induced by the perchlorate ions and the collective dynamical properties of the solvent. Ultrafast Optical Kerr Effect (OKE) and time resolved infrared absorption are the experimental techniques adopted: OKE is mostly sensitive to the collective properties of the sample, while transient IR provides access to local properties of the solvent. Classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations support the analysis of the experimental results. All experiments and simulations are performed at room temperature, varying the concentrations (0–6 M) and varying the applied pressure (10−4–1.3 GPa). Experiments and computer simulations confirm that pressure and concentration have convergent effects on the water dynamics, due to the analogous modification of the short-range liquid structure that cancel some dynamical anomalies typical of pure water. Both local and collective dynamic observables point to structural properties as responsible for their peculiar pressure and concentration dependence.

Lineshape analysis of concentrated perchlorate anion aqueous solution with coherence exchange model incorporating multiple bath modes

IR spectra of concentrated perchlorate aqueous ionic solutions were analysed using chemical exchange model with Fokker-Planck equation incorporating spectral diffusion bath mode. This spectral diffusion bath mode was further modelled using two kinds of regression methods incorporating multiple second bath modes. The overall regression residual errors of 6 M perchlorate solutions were reduced without much affecting main fitting parameters and features of main spectral diffusion bath mode, meaning that collective second bath mode having much greater motional strength seems to be quite isolated. Proposed two kinds of regression methods including multiple second bath modes reported similar overall features.

Synthesis of PEDOT: PPy/AC composite as an electrode for supercapacitor

The electrochemical deposition of composite poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT):polypyrrole (PPy)/activated carbon (AC) film is fabricated in a solution composed of 10 mM concentrations of each monomer (3, 4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and Pyrrole (Py) in (1:1)) and 0.1 M lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) aqueous solution as a supporting electrolyte at a potential 1.1 V which is found by obtaining Linear Sweep Voltammetry intercept point of the two monomers. AC particles (50 gL−1) are dispersed in this solution. The prepared composite films are analyzed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface morphology and polymer functional groups are analyzed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The SEM results have shown that PEDOT:PPy/AC composite film is porous structure which proved the deposition of AC and also, BET analysis was performed for surface area and pore size measurement. The FTIR spectra confirmed the functional group of conductive polymers (PEDOT and PPy) present in the composite film deposited on ITO (1 cm2) glass. The electrochemical measurements of the prepared samples are evaluated by using galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) and cyclic voltammetry in 2 M KCl aqueous solution in three electrodes set up. Also, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is analyzed by using 5 mM aqueous solution of K3[Fe (CN)6] including 0.1 M KCl (supporting electrolyte) aqueous solution within three-electrode cell system. The value of specific capacitance of synthesized composite is evaluated from GCD and its value found to be 622 Fg−1 by applying current density value of 1 Acm−2. Moreover, energy density value along with power density value of the composite PEDOT: PPy/AC are calculated and found to be 47 Whkg−1 and 2223 Wkg−1, respectively. It has also been analyzed that this composite retained 87.5% cyclic stability. So, all of the above mentioned analysis reflect that PEDOT:PPy/AC composite is a potential electrode material employed in supercapacitors. It is worth mentioning that PEDOT:PPy/AC composite electrode has improved the storage capacity of the prepared device.

Molar Volumes and Heat Capacities of Aqueous Solutions of Mg(ClO4)2

Densities and isobaric heat capacities of about 25 aqueous solutions of magnesium perchlorate, Mg(ClO4)2(aq), have been measured at concentrations 0.01 ≲ m/mol·kg–1 ≲ 2.5 using vibrating tube densi...

On the Hydration of the Rare Earth Ions in Aqueous Solution

The totally symmetric stretching mode nu_{1} Ln–(OH2) of the first hydration shells of all the rare earth (RE) ions across the series from lanthanum to lutetium has been measured on dilute aqueous perchlorate solutions at room temperature. An S-shaped relationship has been found between the nu_{1} Ln–(OH2) peak positions and the Ln–(OH2) bond distances of the lanthanide(III) aqua ions. While the light rare earth ions form nona-hydrates, the heavy ones form octa-hydrates and the rare earth ions in the middle of the series show non integer hydration numbers between 9 and 8. A relationship between wavenumber positions nu_{1} Ln–(OH2) and the Ln–(OH2) bond distances of the RE hydrates has been given. Recent quantum mechanical calculations support the given interpretation.

Promising Biocompatible, Biodegradable, and Inert Polymers for Purification of Wastewater by Simultaneous Removal of Carcinogenic Cr(VI) and Present Toxic Heavy Metal Cations: Reduction of Chromium(VI) by Poly(ethylene glycol) in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions.

A spectrophotometric technique has been applied for studying the reduction of chromium(VI) by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as water-soluble and nontoxic synthetic polymer at a constant ionic strength of 4.0 mol dm–3 in the absence and presence of the ruthenium(III) catalyst. In the absence of the catalyst, the reaction orders in [Cr(VI)] and [PEG] were found to be unity and fractional first orders, respectively. The oxidation process was found to be acid-catalyzed with fractional second order in [H+]. The addition of Ru(III) was found to catalyze the oxidation rates with observation of zero-order reaction in [CrO42–] and fractional orders in both [PEG] and [Ru(III)], respectively. The PEG reduces the soluble toxic hexavalent Cr(VI) as a model pollutant to the insoluble nontoxic Cr(III) complex, which is known to be eco-friendly and more safer from the environmental points of view. The acid derivative of PEG was found to possess high affinity for the removal of poisonous heavy metal ions from contaminant matters by chelation. Formation of the 1:1 intermediate complex has been kinetically revealed. A consistent reaction mechanism of oxidation was postulated and discussed.

Orientation on the Mechanistics of Electron-Transfer on Oxidation of Chondroitin-4-Sulfate as Sustainable Sulfated Polysaccharide by Permanganate Ion in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions

A spectrophotometric investigation of oxidation of chondroitin-4-sulfate (CS) as a sustainable and biodegradable sulfated macromolecule by oxyanion permanganate ion as multi-equivalent oxidant in acid perchlorate solutions a... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press

Lineshape analysis of perchlorate anions on manganese(III) porphyrin and observing nanoscopic water environments

Perchlorate IR lineshapes in ionic solutions, polymeric membrane, and perchlorate coordinated onto manganese(III) porphyrin were investigated using various model systems. The lineshape of perchlorate ligand is very sensitive to the nanoscopic aqueous environment. The observed asymmetric mode of ligated perchlorate has a smaller bandwidth and faster dynamics than that of 1M perchlorate aqueous solution. When we used chemical exchange models of coherence, the IR lineshapes of 6M-concentrated anionic solutions have better fit. The IR lineshape of 6M-concentrated anionic solution in the polymer matrix was best fitted by assuming the chemical exchange of coherence with spectral diffusion.

Kinetics and Mechanism of Permanganate Oxidation of ADA in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions

Background: ADA as N-(2-Acetemido) iminodiacetic acid has been widely used in preparation of organic buffers and protein-free media for fibroblasts as chelating agent chicken embryo fibroblasts as tridentate chelating agent ligand. However, a little attention has been focused to the behavior of its oxidation in aqueous acidic solutions. Accordingly, a lack of information on the aqueous chemistry of oxidation of ADA in acidic solutions was recognized. Therefore, we have prompted to undertake the present work with the aims at shedding more light on the behavior of oxidation and the nature of oxidation products. Again, it aims to compensate the lack of information about the aqueous chemistry of ADA and the nature of electron-transfer for redox reactions involving permanganate ion as a multi-equivalent oxidant. Method: A spectrophotometric investigation of oxidation of ADA by permanganate ion in aqueous perchlorate solutions has been investigated. Results: Absorbance-time curves indicated the presence of two distinct stages for the oxidation process. The experimental results indicated a decrease in the reaction rates with increasing the [H+], ionic strength and F- ions. Again, the reaction rates were found to increase with increasing the added Mn2+ and temperature. Conclusion: These results indicated that the oxidation process was of acid-inhibition nature and proceeding by free-radical intervention mechanism. Again, the reactive species in the fast second stage was the Mn4+ species formed in the initial stage. The activation parameters have been evaluated from the temperature dependence of the rate constants. A tentative reaction mechanism was suggested for such redox reaction.

Orientation on Electron-Transfer Nature for Oxidation of Some Water-Soluble Carbohydrates: Kinetics and Mechanism of Hexacholroiridate (IV) Oxidation of Methyl Cellulose in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions

The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of methyl cellulose (MC) polysaccharide by hexacholroiridate (IV) in aqueous perchlorate solutions at a constant ionic strength of 0.1 mole dm-3 has been investigated, spectrophotometrically. The experimental results showed first-order dependence in [IrCl6]2- and fractional first-order kinetics with respect to the MC concentration. The reaction rate was found to increase with decreasing the [H+]. A kinetic evidence for formation of 1:1 intermediate complex was revealed. The reaction kinetics seems to be of considerable complexity where one chloride ion from hexacholoiridate (IV) oxidant may act as a bridging ligand between the oxidant and the substrate within the formed intermediate complex. However the added chloride ions and oxidation products were found to have negligible effects on the reaction rate, the added acrylonitrile indicated the intervention of free-radical mechanism during the oxidation process. The kinetic parameters have been evaluated and a tentative reaction mechanism consistent with the kinetic results is discussed.

Extraction of lanthanides(III) from Perchlorate Solutions with Carbamoyl- and Phosphorylmethoxymethylphosphine Oxides and Tetrabutyldiglycolamide

ABSTRACT The solvent extraction of Ln(III) ions from perchlorate aqueous solutions into an organic phase containing neutral polyfunctional organophosphorus ligands R2P(O)CH2OCH2C(O)NBu2 R = Bu (I), R = Ph (II) and R2P(O)CH2OCH2P(O)R1 2 R = R1 = Bu (III); R = Bu, R1 = Ph (IV); R = R1 = Ph(V) has been studied. Their extraction behavior was compared with that of tetrabutyldiglycolamide (TBDGA), tetrabutylmethylenediphosphine dioxide (VI), P,P-dibutyl-P’P’-diphenylmethylenediphosphine dioxide (VII), tetraphenylmethylenediphosphine dioxide (VIII), dibutyl-N,N-dibutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (IX) and diphenyl-N,N-dibutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (X). The extraction equilibrium was investigated, and the equilibrium constants were calculated. It was found that the lanthanide(III) ions are extracted with the studied extractants from perchlorate solutions as LnL3(ClO4)3 complexes. In the NaClO4 media, TBDGA was found to possess a higher extraction efficiency towards Ln(III) ions than other neutral donor ligands studied. A successive replacement of the C(O)NBu2 groups in the diglycolamide extractant molecule by phosphoryl ones leads to a decrease in the extraction efficiency of Ln(III) ions. In the NaClO4 media, compounds II, IV and V with phenyl radicals at the P(O) group demonstrate a lower extraction efficiency towards Ln(III) ions than their butyl-substituted analogs. In contrast, phenyl-substituted diphosphine dioxides VIII, VII and carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (X) extract Ln(III) ions more effectively than their butyl-substituted analogs VI and IX. The extraction of Ln(III) ions from HClO4 solutions is accompanied by HClO4 interaction with neutral donor extractants, which leads to a decrease of the free extractant concentration in the organic phase. By this reason, an increase in the HClO4 concentration higher than 0.1 M is accompanied by a decrease of the Ln(III) extraction with TBDGA. In the 3 M HClO4 system, diphosphine dioxide VIII outperforms TBDGA at the Ln(III) extraction.

Tuning the copper Cluster´s size on HOPG by electrodeposition from perchlorate aqueous solutions. An AFM study

In this work, we report the electrochemical synthesis of nanometric copper clusters smaller than 3 nm of height and 14.3 nm of diameter from perchlorate solutions. From the number of copper clusters counted directly from the AFM (Atomic force microscopy) images, it was possible to derive an equation, which is able to predict the number of clusters formed in function on the applied potential. Also, qualitative AFM images were simulated employing a spreadsheet and the freeware ImageJ, the results obtained show concordance with the experimental AFM images.

Kinetics and mechanistic aspects on electron‐transfer process for permanganate oxidation of poly(ethylene glycol) in aqueous acidic solutions in the presence and absence of Ru(III) catalyst

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) by the permanganate ion as a multiequivalent oxidant in aqueous perchlorate solutions at an ionic strength of 2.0 mol dm−3 has been investigated spectrophotometrically. The reaction kinetics was found to be of complex in nature. The pseudo–first‐order plots showed curves of inverted S‐shape, consisting of two distinct stages throughout the entire course of reaction. The first stage was relatively slow, followed by a fast reaction rate at longer time periods. The first‐order dependence in [MnO4−], fractional first‐order dependence in [H+], and fractional first‐order kinetics in the PEG concentration for the first stage have been revealed in the absence of the Ru(III) catalyst. The influence of the Ru(III) catalyst on the oxidation kinetics has been examined. The oxidation was found to be catalyzed by the added Ru(III) catalyst. The First‐order dependence on the catalyst and zero order with respect to the oxidant concentrations have been observed. The kinetic parameters have been evaluated, and a tentative reaction mechanism consistent with the kinetic results is suggested and discussed.

Tuning the Copper Cluster´s Size By Electrodeposition from Perchlorate Aqueous Solutions. a Morphological Study through Current Density Transients and Atomic Force Microscopy

Introduction Copper nanoparticles (CuN) are widely used as cooling fluids for electronic systems [1], conductive inks [2], biosensors [3], electrochemical sensors [4], antimicrobial agents [5], among others. Also, CuN exhibit great catalytic activities, and nonlinear optical properties, which could result in many applications in optical devices and nonlinear optical materials, such as optical switches or photochromic glasses [5]. Currently the main methods to synthesize them include chemical reduction [6], in situ chemical synthetic route [7], and electrodeposition [8], among others. Specifically, electrodeposition is commonly used to synthesize nanoparticles because it is relatively simple and low cost procedure in comparison with other techniques [8]. However, it is important to remind that physical and chemical properties exhibited by CuN are highly dependent on their size and morphology by which, one of the main difficulty during their synthesis is tailoring and fine-tune the cluster’s size and the properties of these for a given application [9]. Thus, in the present work we analyze the possibility to get different cluster size maintaining constant the plating bath and modifying exclusively the applied potential on the electrode surface. Also, we carry out the morphological characterization of the CuN employing Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and its simulation through the current density transients. Methodology The copper electrodeposition onto HOPG electrode was carried out from a plating bath containing 0.01 M CuClO4 + 1 M NaClO4 at pH=5. All plating baths were prepared using analytic grade reagents and ultra pure water (Millipore-Q system) and they were deoxygenated by bubbling N2 for 15 minutes before each experiment. For these experiments, freshly cleaved HOPG surfaces were employed in each experiment. In all cases a graphite bar was used as counter electrode while an Ag/AgCl electrode (in saturated KCl), with a Luggin capillary was used as reference electrode. All experiments were carried out at 25 oC in unstirred solutions. The electrochemical experiments were carried out in an EPSILON potentiostat with the BASi-EpsilonEC software. Cyclic voltammetry was carried out in the 0.600 V to -0.800 V potential range. The characterization of CuN was performed with an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) a JEOL JSPM 4210 microscope in the lift mode. Results and discussion We analyzed the morphology of the copper deposits obtained when a potential step value in the range of [-0.075 - -0.175] V was applied during 5 seconds on the electrode surface. In Figure 1 is shown the experimental current density transient when a potential value of -0.075 V was applied. Also, note that under these conditions is possible to get the formation of homogeneous copper nanoclusters. In same Figure is reported the simulated density current transient and the morphology related to this transient. Observe that the simulated transient is similar to the experimental one, Moreover, the morphology predicted through this transient is similar to the experimental AFM image. Conclusions In the present work, it was tuned the copper cluster´s size by electrodeposition from perchlorate aqueous solutions applying different potential values on the electrode surface. The AFM study revealed the presence of copper clusters of nanometric dimensions. The simulation of the experimental transients, allow us to predict the morphology of the deposits through the simulated transients. Acknowledgements: LHMH gratefully acknowledges financial support from CONACYT (project CB2015-257823) and to the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. References. S. Kim, S.R. Dhage, D.E. Shim, H.T. Hahn, Appl. Phys. A, 2009, 97, 791.Yonezawa, H. Tsukamoto, M. T. Nguyen, Adv. Powder Tech. 2017, 28, 1966.Heli, M. Hajjizadeh, A. Jabbari, A.A. Moosavi-Movahedi, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2009, 24(8), 2328.Veerappan, R. Devasenathipathy, S.-M. Chen, S.-F. Wang, P. Devic, Y. Tai, Electrochim. Acta, 2015, 176, 804.Wu, B.P. Mosher, T. Zeng, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 2005, 879, 1.Wu, B.P. Mosher, T. Zeng, J. Nanopart. Res. 2006, 8, 965.Mallick, M.J. Witcomb, M.S. Scurrell, Eur. Polym. J. 2006, 42, 670E. García-Rodríguez, L.H. Mendoza-Huizar, C.H. Rios-Reyes, Quím. Nova 2012, 35(4), 699.Xia, Y. Xiong, B. Lim, S.E. Skrabalak, Angw. Chem Int. Ed Engli. 2009; 48(1) 60. Figure 1