Aqueous Extraction Of Polyphenols Research Articles

Ultrasonic-Assisted Biphasic Aqueous Extraction of Polyphenols from Vaccinium Dunalianum Leaves: Optimization, Antioxidant, and Tyrosinase Inhibition Activities.

To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted biphasic aqueous extraction conditions for polyphenolic compounds from Vaccinium dunalianum Wight leaves and investigate their antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities, single-factor experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ethanol volume fraction (%), ammonium sulfate mass fraction (%), solid-liquid ratio (g/mL), ultrasonic temperature (°C), and ultrasonic time (min) on polyphenolic content during extraction. Based on these experiments, three key factors influencing extraction were selected for response surface methodology (RSM) optimization. The results indicated that under conditions of 26 % ethanol, 20 % ammonium sulfate, a solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 30, and extraction for 35 minutes at 50 °C, the polyphenol content reached 61.62 mg/g. The relative contents of 6'-O-caffeoylarbutin, β-arbutin, and chlorogenic acid were 34.45 %, 4.56 %, and 31.06 %, respectively. The DPPH⋅ and ABTS+⋅ scavenging rates were above 95 % and 96 %, respectively, and the ferric reducing ability exhibited a significant dose-effect relationship. The inhibition rates of monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase were 43.84 % and 35.73 %, respectively. The optimized process for ultrasonic-assisted biphasic aqueous extraction of polyphenols from Vaccinium dunalianum Wight leaves demonstrated significant antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities.

Optimization of Aqueous Extraction of Polyphenols from Cuminum cyminum Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology and Assessment of Biological Activity.

(1) Background: Cumin seeds, extracted from the plant Cuminum cyminum, are abundant in phenolic compounds and have been extensively researched for their chemical makeup and biological effects. The objective of this research is to enhance the water extraction of polyphenols through the water bath (WB) technique and to evaluate the antiradical, antibacterial, and anticancer effects of the extract. (2) Methods: Response Surface Methodology was used to find the best parameters to extract polyphenols. Three experimental parameters, time, temperature, and solid-liquid ratio, were tested. The disc diffusion method has been used to determine the antimicrobial activities against Salmonella Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The antiradical activity was performed using the DPPH method, while total phenolic content was performed using Folin-Ciocalteu. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was conducted to analyze the phytochemical profile of WB extracts. The anticancer activity of the lyophilized extract was assessed against three cancer cell lines (colon (HT29), lung (A549), and breast (MCF7) cancer cell lines).; (3) Results: The optimal conditions for water extraction were 130 min at 72 °C. The total phenolic compounds yield (14.7 mg GAE/g DM) and antioxidant activity (0.52 mg trolox eq./mL) were obtained using a 1:40 solid-liquid ratio. The primary polyphenols identified were the flavonoids rutin (0.1 ppm) and ellagic acid (3.78 ppm). The extract had no antibacterial or antifungal activities against the microorganisms tested. The extract showed anticancer activity of about 98% against MCF7 (breast cancer cell line), about 81% against HT29 (colon cancer cell line), and 85% against A549 (lung cancer cell line) at high doses. (4) Conclusions: Extraction time and a high solid-liquid ratio had a positive impact on polyphenol recovery and in maintaining their quantity and quality. Furthermore, the optimal aqueous extract exhibited strong antiradical activity reflected by the inhibition of free radicals in addition to a significant specificity against the tested cancer cell lines.

Cyclodextrins as high-performance green co-solvents in the aqueous extraction of polyphenols and anthocyanin pigments from solid onion waste

Cyclodextrins as high-performance green co-solvents in the aqueous extraction of polyphenols and anthocyanin pigments from solid onion waste

Production of grape pomace extracts with enhanced antioxidant and prebiotic activities through solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae

Grape pomace is a winery by-product that accumulates in high amounts in winemaking industry, which usually found difficulties regarding its disposal. Nonetheless, it has a great proportion of polyphenols which can be recovered to valorise this biomass. Filamentous fungi produce hydrolytic enzymes, which can assist in the liberation of polyphenols. Grape pomace was fermented in solid-state by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae with the aim of facilitating the aqueous extraction of polyphenols with antioxidant activity by on-site enzyme production. Both fungi increased the antioxidant activity of the extracts, reaching maximum values of 73.7 ± 0.8 (A. niger) and 109.2 ± 0.5 (A. oryzae) mmol of Trolox equivalents/100 g of grape pomace. During fermentations, relevant enzymes were produced at high yields, A. niger produced a balanced profile of enzymes (cellulase, tannase, and pectinase), while A. oryzae switches to cellulase or tannase selective induction according to the fermentation conditions. Positive correlations were found between enzyme production, polyphenols recovery, and antioxidant activity. The extracts obtained after fermentation promoted the growth of Lactobacillus casei cultures. Therefore, the solid-state fermentation was effective for the simultaneous production of relevant industrial enzymes and grape pomace extracts with antioxidant and prebiotic properties, which have potential as functional food additives.

Enhancement of ultrasound assisted aqueous extraction of polyphenols from waste fruit peel using dimethyl sulfoxide as surfactant: Assessment of kinetic models

Pomegranate peel, a major waste from the food processing industries containing biologically active compounds, could be converted into value-added products having medicinal properties. Present study deals with the ultrasound-assisted surfactant, namely dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) aided polyphenolics extraction from pomegranate peel waste using double distilled water (DDW) as a solvent. Maximum total yield of extraction and total polyphenolic content (TPC) were found respectively to be 43.58 ± 1.0 and 49.55 ± 0.8%, at optimized sonication parameters viz. temperature 50 °C, power density 1.2 W/mL and time 40 min followed by surfactant aided extraction under optimum conditions 0.6% DMSO, 50 °C and 150 rpm for 90 min. Kinetic models were developed to determine the polyphenolics concentration and validated. GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed 22 phenolic compounds. Thus, the acquired results have ensured the significance of ultrasound pre-treated surfactant aided extraction of polyphenolic compounds and this process can be developed for commercial production.

Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin as a Green Co-Solvent in the Aqueous Extraction of Polyphenols from Waste Orange Peels

There is, to-date, an expanding interest concerning the use of cyclodextrins as green food-grade co-solvents in the aqueous extraction of polyphenols, however, data regarding polyphenol extraction from waste orange peels (WOP) are lacking. On this ground, hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), a highly water-soluble cyclodextrin, was used to develop a simple and straightforward methodology for the effective recovery of WOP polyphenols. Process optimization by response surface showed that maximum total polyphenol recovery (26.30 ± 1.49 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1 dry mass) could be accomplished with 15 mM HP-β-CD at 40 °C. On the other hand, integration of ultrasonication pretreatment was found unsuitable, as it resulted in reduced polyphenol yield. Examination of solvent acidity indicated that polyphenol extraction may be enhanced at pH 4, but the difference was non-significant (p > 0.05) compared to yields attained at pH 2, 3, and 5. Extraction of WOP polyphenols with HP-β-CD was shown to provide significantly higher hesperidin yield compared to 60% (v/v) aqueous ethanol, which suggested selectivity of HP-β-CD toward this polyphenolic metabolite.

High-Performance Green Extraction of Polyphenolic Antioxidants from Salvia fruticosa Using Cyclodextrins: Optimization, Kinetics, and Composition

S. fruticosa, collectively known as Cretan sage, is a medicinal plant to which a number of bioactivities have been attributed. In spite of its importance in nutrition and pharmacy, reports on the extraction of major polyphenols using sustainable processes are particularly limited. In this study, three common cyclodextrins, namely, methyl β-cyclodextrin (m-β-CD), hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), were tested as green boosters of aqueous extraction of polyphenols from aerial parts of S. fruticosa. To examine simultaneously important extraction parameters, including the concentration of cyclodextrins (CCD), pH, and liquid-to-solid ratio (RL/S), a Box–Behnken design was chosen, with three central points. Temperature effects on the extraction yield were also considered, by carrying out kinetics. The results showed that m-β-CD was the most effective extraction booster, providing total polyphenols yields that amounted to 98.39 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1 dry mass. The kinetic assay demonstrated that extraction was highly effective at 80 °C, increasing significantly polyphenol yield, as well as the ferric-reducing power and antiradical activity of the extracts. It was also proven that extraction with m-β-CD was the least energy-demanding process. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry examination revealed that m-β-CD might possess higher affinity for luteolin 7-O-glucuronide extraction, but β-CD for rosmarinic acid extraction.

Selective ultrasound‐assisted aqueous extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peels and seeds

In this study, the optimization of ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peels and seeds was conducted. A 10-min sonication (tu) pre-treatment (≈60 W) accelerated the extraction kinetics and intensified the polyphenol recovery from peels and seeds. Ultrasound pre-treatment permitted the selective recovery of polyphenols from peels by maintaining a constant concentration of the total soluble matter (°Brix) before and after sonication. Two different near-linear correlations were found between soluble matter and polyphenol extraction for the peels’ and the seeds’ extracts. Luminescence emission spectra showed significant differences between peels and seeds extracts (tu = 10 min then diffusion for 200 min) below 450 nm and above 600 nm. Ultrasound pre-treatment enhanced the quantity of the extracted molecules from peels and seeds without affecting their diversity. The optimal ultrasound pre-treatment duration was 10 min, since it ameliorated the polyphenol extraction compared to 5 min, and gave the same yield as 20 min. Practical applications Pomegranate fruits are valuable sources of bioactive compounds (vitamins, antioxidants, flavonoids, and tannins). Their processing results in the formation of byproducts containing peels (78%) and seeds (22%), discarded as waste by the food industry. Pomegranate peels and seeds are rich sources of polyphenols that have high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antimutagenic, and anticancer properties. Ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peels and seeds can be used as a “green” technique to intensify the extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate byproducts. An optimized sonication time can prevent the degradation of the bioactive compounds and enhance the extraction of selective polyphenols from pomegranate peels and seeds. The extracts will then be spray dried to obtain highly bioactive powder with many industrial applications.

EXTRACTION OF ANTIOXIDANT PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM ALGERIAN INULA VISCOSA LEAVES: INFLUENCE OF THE HARVEST PERIOD AND OPTIMIZATION

The aqueous extraction of polyphenols from Inula viscoa leaves was carried out on two different lots in order to study the influence of the picking period on the phenolic content and on the antioxidant characteristics of the extracts obtained, as well as on the optimization of technological parameters. For the two lots studied, the simple effect of temperature, the solid to liquid ratio and the interaction effect between temperature and solid to liquid ratio are the most influential parameters on all recorded responses. The phenological cycle of the plant affects the amount of phenolic compounds recovered, as well as the antiradical power and the antioxidant characteristics. The multi-response optimization of the extraction conditions gives polyphenol contents of 291 and 251 mg AGE.g DW-1 and antiradical activities of 90 and 89% for the purified extracts of July and December, respectively.

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction of polyphenols from Psidium guajava leaves using response surface methodology

ABSTRACTThe ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction of polyphenols from Psidium guajava leaves was investigated using response surface methodology. The total polyphenols yield was significantly affected by the process parameters (ultrasonic power, extraction time, and temperature) and the experimental polyphenols yield at optimal conditions (390.68 W, 38.38 min, 63.23°C) was well agreed with the predicted value (59.82 mg GAE/g). Meanwhile, the aqueous extracts had strong scavenging activity to DPPH. The HPLC analysis showed that gallic acid was the main phenolic component in guava leaves. It was also found that this ultrasound procedure could be successfully applied in industrial production.

Purification of phenolic compounds from genipap (<i>Genipa americana</i> L.) extract by the ultrasound assisted ultrafiltration process

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of an integrated membrane process for purification of polyphenol and genipin components from genipap fruit extract. Optimal conditions for aqueous extraction of polyphenols from genipap fruit pulp were at 71°C for 49 min using a fruit pulp:water ratio of 1:3 (w w-1). Microfiltration with membranes of different pore sizes (0.22, 0.3 and 0.8 µm) resulted in a clarified permeate with similar physical-chemical properties, but the permeate flux through the 0.8 µm membrane was higher than through the other membranes. The sequential ultrafiltration process reduced even more total and soluble solids of the microfiltered extract. Purities of polyphenols and genipin were, respectively, 2.5 and 1.2 times greater in the permeate than in the feed stream. Application of ultrasound during the ultrafiltration increased the steady state permeate flux and the purities of polyphenols and genipin in the permeate stream. Results suggest application of microfiltration as a clarification step followed by the ultrasound assisted ultrafiltration to produce a purified genipap extract with high contents of polyphenols and genipin.

Modelling Investigation and Parameters Study of Polyphenols Extraction from Carob (Ceratonia siliquaL.) Using Experimental Factorial Design

Kinetics of aqueous extraction of polyphenols from carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) have been performed in different conditions (Temperature = 40 and 60C; solid–liquid ratio = 1:3 and 1:19 and without and with ultrasonic assistance (100W)). The effects of various parameters were studied using an experimental design. The final yield was modelled as a first order polynomial model: (p < 0.10). An HPLC analysis showed that the major component is the galic acid and ultrasound assistance has no effect on degradation of phenols. Eight models (theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical) were tested to fit all kinetics [Y = f(t)] performed in all experiment conditions. Patricelli model showed the best fitting result and was retained to simulate all extraction conditions. Then polyphenols extraction from carob is based on two stages: an instant washing step followed by a slow diffusion step. Practical Applications We test both conventional and acoustic extraction of polyphenols from carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.). Increasing temperature increase final yield extraction. Highest values of final yield extraction were obtained with ultrasound application. Major component is the galic acid. Ultrasound assistance has no effect on degradation of phenols. Eight models were tested to describe extraction phenomenon and Patricelli Model was the best one.

Improvements in the aqueous extraction of polyphenols from borage (Borago officinalis L.) leaves by pulsed electric fields: Pulsed electric fields (PEF) applications

The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) (0–5kV/cm) on the improvement of the aqueous extraction of polyphenols and antioxidant compounds from borage leaves. The extracts were assessed by using total polyphenols content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity through the assays of Folin–Ciocalteu and Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC), respectively. Extractions along the time were conducted at different temperatures (10, 25 and 30°C). The PEF treatments incremented the TPC and ORAC values of the extracts between 1.3 and 6.6 times for TPC and between 2.0 and 13.7 times for ORAC, compared with the control. The TPC values were plotted and fitted to the kinetic model with an adjustment of 0.96<R2<0.99. Significant differences between the treated and control samples were found as well in this study. This procedure enhances the antioxidant capacity of the extracts and reduces extraction times.

Aqueous extraction of polyphenols and antiradicals from wood by-products by a twin-screw extractor: Feasibility study

An efficient and eco-friendly extracting process of wood by-products (maritime pine knots and stumps and aspen knots and barks) using a twin-screw extruder has been developed. This continuous device allowed a thermo-mechanical treatment of the woody material to recover fractions containing hydrophilic polyphenols and antiradical compounds. The breakdown of woody materials and the high level of pressing of the solid/liquid mix were mainly influenced by the solvent-to-solid ratio for maritime pine knots and stumps and aspen knots, and by the solvent-to-solid ratio and the barrel temperature in the case of aspen barks. Compared to the extractives content of each by-product determined at laboratory scale, twin-screw extractions were promising for the valorisation of wood by-products and the recovery of bioactive substances.

Extraction of soluble matter from grape pomace by high voltage electrical discharges for polyphenol recovery: Effect of sulphur dioxide and thermal treatments

This study aims at investigating the effects of high voltage electrical discharges (HVED) on the aqueous extraction of polyphenols from grape pomace ( Vitis vinifera L.) at constant temperature in the range 20–60 °C. HVED were applied on fresh, frozen-thawed and sulphured grape pomaces for 160 s and diffusion was then studied for 1 h. Then, the yield of extracted solutes from fresh grape pomace reached 70% after 40 min. This yield represented more than twice the yield obtained after 240 min without HVED ( Y solutes ≈ 30%). HVED also increased the yield of polyphenols ( Y polyphenols = 0.44 ± 0.07%) after 1 h of extraction compared to that obtained after 4 h of extraction without HVED ( Y polyphenols = 0.26 ± 0.06%). The yields of solutes and polyphenols increased with temperature. For the preservation of grape pomace, the addition of sulphur dioxide was better than freezing. Finally, we found that the extraction of solutes was satisfactorily described by the well known Peleg’s model ( R 2 > 0.972).