Aqueous Extract Of Momordica Charantia Research Articles

Ameliorative effects of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia seed against Collagen induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in rats

Ameliorative effects of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia seed against Collagen induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in rats

Standardization Studies of Momordica charantia Seed with Physicochemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Accounts

Momordica charantia Linn also known as Karela or bitter guard is commonly used vegetable of Cucurbitaceae family. Phytochemical constituent present in seeds contains oil, and sterols possesses the anti bacterial anti microbial and anti inflammatory properties which makes it one of the oldest plant used is natural Indian medicinal system. Present study was aimed to study organoleptic characterization, determination of moisture, total ash, acid-insoluble, water-soluble ash and protein contents, Loss on drying, heavy metals and microbial profile of Momordica charantia seed without seed coat. Furthermore qualitative test for secondary metabolites were performed for bitters, saponine, terpenoids, phenolic acids, glycosides, carbohydrates and reducing sugars were marked in preliminary tests. In final standardization extracts were taken for UV spectroscopy (at 270nm wavelength) at different concentrations against standard for quantitative analysis. After preparing different compositions mobile phase containing ethylene acetate: water: formic acid (7.7:1.3:0.9) was selected for TLC of chlorogenic acid marking in aqueous extract of Momordica charantia seed and gallic acid was run using mobile phase using toluene: formic acid: methanol (3.3: 0.8: 0.2) showed the presence of markers against standard. The plates were prepared and developed in mobile phase and Rf value was calculated. Photography of plates was done under UV visible mode. The above findings can be helpful in further research to reveal the reverse pharmacology of Momordica charantia seeds reported in traditional uses with significant way to design newer outcomes in diseases related with inflammatory and immune markers.

Assessment its Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Momordica Charantia

Natural products are believed to be one of the richest sources of prophylactic and therapeutic-based compounds which show a wide range of applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. An aqueous extract of Momordica charantia was evaluated systematically for antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH free radical assay), antimicrobial (bacterial strains), and anti-inflammatory (heat-induced hemolysis, proteinase inhibitory activity, protein denaturation, i.e., bovine serum albumin, BSA, and typhoid vaccine) agents, as well as its phenolic content. The results showed its higher concentration of phenolic content, as reported in this study, which is directly correlated with the antioxidant activity of Momordica charantia against DPPH. Similar results were obtained in the antimicrobial assay, where the diameter of the inhibition zone against bacterial strains is measured in millimetres (mm), which is wider in the case of the aqueous extract. In addition, anti-inflammatory studies were also taken into consideration, and the results suggest that higher doses of Momordica charantia may enhanced the percentage of protein denaturation as compared to BSA or typhoid vaccine alone and also induced heat induce hemolysis and proteinase inhibitory activity, In short, Momordica charantia may have shown several immunopharmacological properties, and this study may have been used further have used for isolation of desired prophylactic or therapeutic based compounds and to develop better nutraceutical or pharmaceutical agents.

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Momordica charantia on Survival, Locomotive Behaviour and Antioxidant Status of Drosophila melanogaster

Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter gourd, is a therapeutic plant popularly known for its antidiabetic potential in folklore medicine. This study investigated the effect of aqueous leaf extract of M. charantia (AMC) on survival rate, locomotive behaviour and antioxidant response in Drosophila melanogaster. Adult flies were fed with different concentrations of AMC (0-100 mg/mL) for 12 days, and their locomotive behaviour and whole-body antioxidant status were assessed at 0, 2, 4 and 8 mg/mL of AMC. Results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the survival rate and locomotive behaviour of flies at 8, 16 and 50 mg/mL of AMC compared to the control. There was no significant difference in malondialdehyde content, GSH level and SOD activity of flies exposed to 2, 4, and 8 mg/mL of AMC compared to the control group. Glutathione-s-transferase activity at 8 mg/mL of AMC increased significantly (p < 0.05) when compared to the control group. Acetylcholinesterase activity also increased in a dose-dependent manner with a significant increase at 4 and 8 mg/mL of AMC. The evidence from this study suggests that low to moderate doses of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia slightly improved survival rate of flies. It also increased the activities of acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes. © 2021 the authors and De-Campos et al.

Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Copper Oxide Nanomaterial Derived from Momordica charantia.

BackgroundIn the emerging field of nanotechnology, copper oxide (CuO) nanomaterials are considered to be one of the most important transition metal oxides owing to its fascinating properties. Its synthesis from green chemistry principles is gaining importance as next-generation antibiotics due to its simplicity, eco-friendliness, and cost-effectiveness. In the present study, CuO nanorods (CuO NRs) were synthesized from the aqueous fruit extract of Momordica charantia and characterized using different analytical techniques. Further, the biomedical therapeutic potential was evaluated against multi-drug resistant microbial strains.Materials and MethodsTo synthesize CuO NRs, 0.1M of CuSO4.5H2O solution was added to aqueous extract of Momordica charantia in a 1:3 (v/v) ratio (pH=11) and heated at 50°C followed by washing and drying. The synthesized CuO NRs were subjected to characterization using different analytical techniques such as UV visible spectroscopy, zeta sizer equipped with zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, the application as a biomedical therapeutic potential was evaluated in vitro using well diffusion method against eleven multidrug-resistant clinical bacterial strains, a fungus- Trichophyton rubrum and in ovo against the R2B virus using haemagglutination (HA) test.ResultsCharacterization was preliminarily done by the spectral study that confirms the absorbance band at 245nm. FTIR analysis at 628 cm−1 peak identified copper oxide vibration. SEM analysis revealed agglomerated particle clusters. However, with TEM clear nanorods of average diameter of 61.48 ± 2 nm were observed. EDAX confirmed CuO formation while XRD showed a typical monoclinic structure with 6 nm crystallite size. Biological screening of CuO NRs showed significant results against both in vitro and in ovo methods. Significant inhibitory activity (p<0.0001) was noted against most of the resistant human pathogenic strains including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The highest efficacy was observed against Bacillus cereus with a 31.66 mm zone of inhibition. Besides, the therapeutic potential of CuO NRs against Corynebacterium xerosis, Streptococcus viridians and R2B strain of Newcastle disease is reported for the first time.ConclusionBased on the present results, it could be expected that green synthesized CuO NRs would find potential applications in the field of nanomedicine.

Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous Extract of Momordica charantia and Terminalia catappa on Multidrug Resistant Invasive Escherichia coli isolated in Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Foods from Ekiti State

&#x0D; Antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia and Terminalia catappa was investigated against multidrug resistant invasive Escherichia coli isolated from ready-to-eat foods such as sausage rolls, meat pie, egg roll, doughnut and smoked fish. From the samples tested, smoked fish was found to have the highest microbial load of 1.05x106cfu/mL (55%) followed by meat pie 7.5x105cfu/mL (37%); Sausage roll 7.0x105cfu/mL (36%); and egg roll with 6.5x105cfu/mL (31%). Doughnut was found to have the lowest microbial load of 58x105cfu/mL (20%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract determined by agar dilution technique showed that M. charantia and T. catappa had an MIC of 0.5 g/mL and the degree of antibacterial potency of the extracts determined using broth dilution technique showed that at concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, M. charantia and T. catappa had diameter of zone of inhibition of 10.4mm and 11.2 mm, respectively. The observed antibacterial effect of the T. catappa was more pronounced. This investigation depicts positive results by the use of T. catappa extract in drug development for the treatment of infections caused by E. coli isolated from ready-to-eat foods.&#x0D;

Purification characterization and inhibition studies on Phospholipase C from &lt;i&gt;Opisthacanthus capensis&lt;/i&gt; (Black Scorpion) venom

Phospholipase C from Opisthacanthus capensis venom was partially purified and characterized. The enzyme was purified 105.2 fold with an overall yield of 13% using various steps involving ammonium sulphate precipitation, protamine sulphate treatment, sephadex G-75 fractionation and DE-52 anion exchange chromatography. The purified enzyme was homogeneous by the criteria of SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of 29 kDa. The phospholipase C has pH and temperature optima of 7.2 and 600C, respectively with activation energy of 25KJ/mol and t1/2 of 1.50 hr. Initial velocity studies on Opisthacanthus capensis venom phospholipase C revealed a KM of 0.02 mM and Vmax of 0.015 µmol/min respectively. Studies on the effect of pH on KM and Vmax gave PKa1 of 6.9 and PKa2 of 7.4 with enthalpy of ionization of 20 KJ/mol suggesting histidine in the active site. The enzyme was positively modulated by Mg2+, Zn2+ and Ca2+ and negatively by Fe2+. While Hg2+ produced complete inhibition. Various concentrations of leaf aqueous extract of Momordica charantia also inhibited the activity of Opisthacanthus capensis venom phospholipase C in vitro with a display of competitive

GLP-I secretion in healthy and diabetic Wistar rats in response to aqueous extract of Momordica charantia

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is one of the major global health disorders increasing at an alarming rate in both developed and developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia (AEMC) on fasting blood glucose (FBG), tissue glycogen, glycosylated haemoglobin, plasma concentrations of insulin and GLP-1 hormone (glucagon-like peptide 1) in healthy and diabetic wistar rats.MethodsMale Wistar rats (both normal and diabetic) were treated with AEMC by gavaging (300 mg/kg body wt/day for 28 days).ResultsAEMC was found to increase tissue glycogen, serum insulin and GLP-1 non-significantly (P > 0.05) in normal, significantly (P < 0.01) in diabetic Wistar rats, whereas decrease in FBG and Glycosylated haemoglobin non-significantly (P > 0.05) in normal, significantly (P < 0.01) in diabetic Wistar rats. The elevation of GLP-1 level in normal and diabetic treated groups may be due to the L-cell regeneration and proliferation by binding with L-cell receptors and makes a conformational change, resulting in the activation of a series of signal transducers. The polar molecules of M. charantia also depolarize the L-cell through elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and which in turn releases GLP-1. GLP-1 in turn elevates beta-cell proliferation and insulin secretion.ConclusionThe findings tend to provide a possible explanation for the hypoglycemic action of M. charantia fruit extracts as alternative nutritional therapy in the management and treatment of diabetes.

Effect of Chemically Synthesis compared to Biosynthesized CeO2 NPS using Aqueous Extract of Momordica Charantia

Effect of Chemically Synthesis compared to Biosynthesized CeO2 NPS using Aqueous Extract of Momordica Charantia

Antidepressant activity of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia leaves

Background: Depression is a common debilitating illness contributing to increase in morbidity and mortality worldwide. 20% of all depressed patients are refractory to treatment with available antidepressants at adequate doses. Momordica charantia commonly known as Karela is widely used in Indian cuisine. This study was carried out to evaluate its lesser known Antidepressant activity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the Antidepressant activity of Aqueous extract of Momordica charantia leaves.Methods: This study was done in Department of Pharmacology, JNMC, AMU. Tail Suspension test and 5-Hydroxytrytophan induced Head Potentiation was evaluated in Swiss Albino mice. Forced swim test, Learned Helplessness test and Spontaneous motor activity was noted in Albino Wistar rats respectively at doses of AEMC (Aqueous extract of Momordica charantia leaves) 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg.Results: AEMC at all three doses 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg exhibited antidepressant activity by significantly decreasing the immobility time in Tail Suspension test and except 100mg/kg. In forced swim test psychostimulant activity of AEMC was ruled out in Spontaneous motor activity. Number of Escape failures was decreased in Learned Helplessness test at doses of AEMC 200mg/kg and 300 mg/kg. Increase in Head twitches was seen only with AEMC 300mg/kg in 5-Hydroxytrytophan induced Head Potentiation in mice.Conclusions: Aqueous Extract of Momordica Charantia leaves exhibits Antidepressant activity in animal models of Depression.

Characterization of phytoconstituents and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of silver-extract nanoparticles synthesized from Momordica charantia fruit extract

BackgroundOur present study was conducted to characterize the phytoconstituents present in the aqueous extract of Momordica charantia and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of silver-extract nanoparticles (Ag-Extract-NPs).MethodsSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by reducing AgNO3; and NaBH4 served as reducing agent. After screening of phytochemicals; AgNPs and aqueous extract were mixed thoroughly and then coated by polyaniline. These NPs were characterized by using Visual inspection, UV spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM and TEM techniques. Antimicrobial activities were assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.ResultsAqueous extract of M. charantia fruits contain alkaloid, phenol, saponin etc. UV–Vis spectrum showed strong absorption peak around 408 nm. The presence of –CH, −NH, −COOH etc. stretching in FTIR spectrum of Ag-Extract-NPs endorsed that AgNPs were successfully capped by bio-compounds. SEM and TEM result revealed that synthesized NPs had particle size 78.5–220 nm. Ag-Extract-NPs showed 34.6 ± 0.8 mm zone of inhibition against E. coli compared to 25.6 ± 0.5 mm for ciprofloxacin. Maximum zone of inhibition for Ag-Extract-NPs were 24.8 ± 0.7 mm, 26.4 ± 0.4 mm, 7.4 ± 0.4 mm for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi. We found that Ag-Extract-NPs have much better antibacterial efficacy than AgNPs and M. charantia extract has individually. It is also noticed that gram negative bacteria (except S. typhi) are more susceptible to Ag-Extract-NPs than gram positive bacteria.ConclusionAg-Extract-NPs showed strong antibacterial activity. In order to make a reliable stand for mankind, further study is needed to consider determining the actual biochemical pathway by which AgNPs-extracts exert their antimicrobial effect.

Aqueous Extract of Momordica charantia, Reduces Hyperglycemia in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Aqueous Extract of Momordica charantia, Reduces Hyperglycemia in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

37 The effect of momordica charantia fruit extract on protein glycation

Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia and this leads to form advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and this cause diabetes complications. Plant extract of Momordica charantia is used worldwide as traditional medicines for the treatments of diabetes mellitus especially in developing countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the antiglycation and antioxidant effects of hot and cold water extracts of Momordica charantia on protein glycation. Advanced glycation endproducts formation and inhibition were monitored by a number of methods including sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and fluorescent spectrometry. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase assay (SOD) and catalase assay (CAT) were used to study antioxidant properties of Momordica charatnia on bovine aortic endothelial cell in a cell culture model, The results have shown that hot and cold water extracts of Momordica charantia inhibit the production of AGEs in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the extraction efficiency of the hot water extracts was found to be highly influenced by temperature. Advanced glycation endproducts leads to creation of free radical species in all types of cells. These may contribute towards diabetic complications. Thus the aqueous extract of Momordica charantia, an edible vegetable, may have therapeutic potential in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Histomorphological and morphometric studies of the pancreatic islet cells of diabetic rats treated with aqueous extracts of Momordica charantia (karela) fruits

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia (karela) (M. charantia) fruits on blood glucose level, pancreatic weight changes and histopathology of pancreatic changes in the streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. MethodsThirty-six albino rats were used in the experiment; diabetes mellitus was induced in 30 adult albino rats, using intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg STZ. Six non diabetic rats remained as control (T1). The diabetic rats were randomly assigned into five equal groups: diabetic control (T2) without any treatment, groups T3, T4, T5 and T6 were treated with aqueous extract of karela fruits daily at a doses of 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) up to 90 d, respectively. At Day 90, all rats were sacrificed, the pancreases of the rats were excised and processed. ResultsThe results of this study indicate that aqueous extract of M. charantia fruits was able to reduce blood glucose level significantly compared with the diabetic control group (P<0.01). Histopathologically, STZ resulted severe necrotic changes in pancreatic islets. Tissues sections of pancreas in the treated groups showed regeneration of β cells and increased size of pancreatic islets. ConclusionsThe present study suggests that oral feeding of M. charantia fruit juice has a significant anti-hyperglycemic effect and may have a role in the regeneration of the β cells in STZ diabetic rats.

Effect of Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) Leaves on Haemoglobin Concentration in Male Albino Rats

This research work was carried out to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of Momordica charantia on haemoglobin concentration in albino rats. The aqueous extract of Momordica charantia was prepared from the leaves of the Momordica charantia plant and given orally to the experimental animals. Haemoglobin concentration was determined after two weeks of administration. The aqueous extract was prepared and given orally at doses of 80, 100, 120 and 140 mg/kg body weight daily to the experimental animals. This study was carried out at the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ilorin between July and August 2010. The results of the work showed that there was significant decrease in mean haemoglobin concentration in test animals in comparison with the control (p<0.05). Oral administration of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia causes a decrease in haemoglobin concentration which can lead to anaemia.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing property of aqueous leaf extract of Momordica charantia in rats

This study reports the anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizingproperty of an aqueous extract of Mormodica charantia (MC) leaves inrats. The carregeenin-induced rat paw oedema was utilized as the modelfor acute inflammation, whilst formaldedyde-induced rat paw oedema wasused as the model for sub-chronic inflammatory states. The probablemode by which MC mediates its effects on inflammatory conditions wasstudied on rat blood cells (RBC) exposed to hypotonic solution. The resultsof the study revealed that the extract possesses anti-inflammatoryproperty. MC was found to significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the oedemaswellings induced by the phlogistic agents in rats in a dose-relatedmanner. However, the extract did not exhibit membrane-stabilizingproperty, as it failed to significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the levels ofhaemolysis of RBC exposed to hypotonic solution. The acute toxicitystudies of oral doses of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia leaf inmice revealed that it has a high safety profile, as the extract was welltolerated by the animals. The results of the study suggest that the antiinflammatory activity demonstrated by Momordica charantia leaf may not be related to membrane-stabilization. (Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 9:119 - 124 , May 2006)Keywords: Momordica charantia, anti-inflammatory, membrane-stabilizing property

The effect of Momordica charantia and Mucuna pruriens in experimental diabetes and their effect on key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.

The Indian traditional system of medicine prescribed traditional plant therapies. Two such plants, i.e. Momordica charantia (MC) and Mucuna pruriens (MP), earlier shown to reduce hyperglycaemia, were assessed for their anti hyperglycaemic effect on varying degrees of hyperglycaemia and diabetic complications. Alcohol and aqueous extracts of MC (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day) and only an alcohol extract of MP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) were evaluated in a pilot study (plasma glucose >180 mg/dL, 21 days), a chronic study in alloxanized rats (plasma glucose >280mg/dL, 120 days) and streptozotocin (STZ) mice (plasma glucose >400 mg/dL, 60 days). In the pilot study, the maximum antihyperglycaemic effect occurred with an aqueous extract of MC at week 3 and an alcohol extract of MP at week 6 at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day. In chronic alloxanized rats, the selected dose of MC led to a significant fall of 64.33%, 66.96%, 69.7% and 70.53% in plasma glucose levels at 1, 2, 3 and 4 months, respectively. MP showed a decrease of 40.71%, 45.63%, 50.33% and 51.01% at the same time period. In chronic STZ diabetic mice, MC led to a mean reduction of 15.37%, 18.68% and 22.86% in plasma glucose levels on days 40, 50 and 60 of sampling while MP had no significant effect. The alteration in hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen content and hepatic glucokinase, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate and phosphofructokinase levels in diabetic mice were partially restored by MC but not by MP. The mechanism of action of MC and MP is discussed.

Prevention of carcinogen-induced mouse skin papilloma by whole fruit aqueous extract of Momordica charantia

The anticarcinogenic effect of aqueous extract of fruit of Momordica charantia (bitter gourd), which is widely used as a vegetable in India, was studied in a two-step skin carcinogenesis model in mice. The possible mode of action was also investigated. Oral administration of the fruit extract was found to have an adverse effect on the general health and lifespan of the animals when used at a high concentration. But when this dose was reduced by half, the test extract afforded protection from the development of skin tumour and increased life expectancy. Carcinogen-induced lipid peroxidation in liver and DNA damage in lymphocytes were found to be reduced following treatment with Momordica. The fruit extract was found to significantly activate the liver enzymes glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase (P < 0.001), which showed a depression following exposure to the carcinogen. The results suggest a preventive role of water-soluble constituents of M. charantia fruit during carcinogenesis, which is mediated possibly by their modulatory effect on enzymes of the biotransformation and detoxification system of the host.