Aqueous Alkali Metal Halides Research Articles

Thermodynamic and Interactions Studies of D(+) Fructose with Aqueous Alkali Metals Halides at Different Molalities and Constant Temperature

The present experimental investigation was carried out in order to explore the possible thermodynamic and interactions studies of D(+) fructose with mixed solvent of aqueous alkali metal halides at different molalities and constant temperature . Experimental values of densities and ultrasonic velocities were carried out of the ternary mixture solution D(+)fructose with aqueous NaCl ,KCl , MgCl2 and CaCl2 under different molalities and at 303K. The related and relevant parameters correlated to the present study such as adiabatic compressibility Ks, acoustic impedance Z, apparent molal volume фv, apparent molal adiabatic compressibility, фKs, and partial molal volume ф0v and partial molal adiabatic compressibility, ф0Ks at infinite dilution. The present investigation has exploited the possible molecular associations such as ion-ion, ion-solvent, interactions in these systems. It has been observed that there exist strong solute-solvent interaction and complex formation between in these ternary systems.

Ultrasonic and Density Studies of D(+) Mannose with Aqueous Electrolytes at 303K

The present experimental investigation was carried out in order to explore the possible molecular interactions of D(+) mannose with mixed solvent of aqueous NaCl, KCl , MgCl2 and CaCl2at 303 K. Experimental values of densities and ultrasonic velocities were carried out of the ternary mixture solution D(+) mannose with aqueous NaCl ,KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2. Aqueous alkali metal halides (NaCl ,KCl , MgCl2 and CaCl2 ) were added under different molalities with D(+) mannose. The related and relevant parameters correlated to the present study such as adiabatic compressibility Ks, acoustic impedance Z, apparent molal volume фv, apparent molal adiabatic compressibility, фKs, and partial molal volume ф0v and partial molal adiabatic compressibility, фoKs at infinite dilution. The present investigation has exploited the possible molecular associations such as ion-ion, ion-solvent, solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions in these systems. It has been observed that there exist strong solute-solvent interaction and complex formation between in these ternary systems.

Acoustical Behaviour of Disaccharide (Sucrose) in Aqueous Alkali Metal Halides at Varying Temperatures

Interionic interactions of ternary mixtures of sucrose in aqueous alkali metal halides namely, sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium bromide (KBr) and potassium iodide (KI) at 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15K was studied in this paper. For this, binary solvent mixture (water+ metal halides) was prepared at two molalities (m) (Say, at 0.0 m and 0.3 m). The related and relevant parameters correlated to the present study such as adiabatic compressibility (), apparent molal compressibility (K), apparent molal volume (V), limiting apparent molal compressibility ( 0 φ ), limiting apparent molal volume ( 0 φ ) and their associated constants (SK, SV), partial transfer volume (∆ 0 V φ ) from water to aqueous solution and viscosity B-coefficient of Jones-Dole equations were meticulously evaluated to interpret the results in terms of interionic interactions such as solute-solvent, solute-solute, ion-solvent, ion-ion etc,, existing in the solution.

Viscometric and thermodynamic studies of interactions in ternary solutions containing sucrose and aqueous alkali metal halides at 293·15, 303·15 and 313·15 K

Viscosities and densities of sucrose in aqueous alkali metal halide solutions of different concentrations in the temperature range 293.5 to 313.15 K have been measured. Partial molar volumes at infinite dilution (V 02 ) of sucrose determined from apparent molar volume (φ v ) have been utilized to estimate partial molar volumes of transfer (V 02,tr ) for sucrose from water to alkali metal halide solutions. The viscosity data of alkali metal halides in purely aqueous solutions and in the presence of sucrose at different temperatures (293.15, 303.15 and 313.5 K) have been analysed by the Jones-Dole equation. The nature and magnitude of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions have been discussed in terms of the values of limiting apparent molar volume (φ 0 v ), slope (S v ) and coefficients of the Jones-Dole equation. The structure-making and structure-breaking capacities of alkali metal halides in pure aqueous solutions and in the presence of sucrose have been ascertained from temperature dependence ofφ 0 v .

Multiple Ion Association in Supercritical Aqueous Solutions of Single Electrolytes

Solute speciation in supercritical aqueous alkali metal halide solutions plays an important role in various industrial and natural processes, for example, corrosion of metals, solvent extraction, crystal growth, metamorphism, and the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits. To better characterize such speciation, degrees of formation of polyatomic clusters of sodium and chlorine ions have been computed with the aid of dissociation constants generated from Monte Carlo calculations which are consistent with both supercritical conductance measurements and electrostatic theory. The calculations indicate that the solute in alkali-halide solutions is successively dominated by increasingly complex polyatomic clusters as the solute molality increases at pressures and temperatures where the dielectric constant of water is 15.

Accurate self-diffusion coefficients of lithium(1+), sodium(1+), and cesium(1+) ions in aqueous alkali metal halide solutions from NMR spin-echo experiments

Accurate self-diffusion coefficients of lithium(1+), sodium(1+), and cesium(1+) ions in aqueous alkali metal halide solutions from NMR spin-echo experiments

A study of the optimum interaction between the working fluid and the absorbent in absorption heat pump systems

The operating efficiency of an absorption heat pump is critically dependent on the chemical, thermophysical and thermodynamic properties of the working fluid, the absorbent and their solution. The desirable properties are discussed in the light of the operating parameters and the thermodynamic limits. Deviations from ideality are considered with specific reference to water/salt systems. Plots of the heat of hydration and heat of solution against the effective ionic radius, the lowering of vapour pressure against the heat of solution and the solubility against the melting point have been made for aqueous alkali metal halide solutions. It is demonstrated that an optimisation procedure is necessary to select suitable working fluid-absorbent combinations from the hundreds of possible combinations based on the operating conditions and the field of application.

NMR Studies on Molecular Interactions Involved in Alkali Metal Halide–Amide–Glycol Ternary Systems

Abstract Interactions in a ternary solution of alkali metal halide–amide–glycol have been investigated on the basis of NMR measurement of chemical shifts of OH proton of glycol and amidic protons of acetamide. Measurements were carried out with various alkali metal halides (MX, M=Li, Na, K, X=Cl, Br, I) and glycols (mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraethylene glycol). The dependency of the chemical shifts on solute concentration was examined with a ternary solution of potassium iodide–acetamide–ethylene glycol. The addition of alkali metal halide to respective glycols or glycolic solutions of acetamide gave rise to a change in chemical shift values. The observed changes were related to the ionic sizes of cations and anions of alkali metal halides and to the number of oxyethylene units in a glycol molecule. It was found that a large ion induces a higher magnetic field shift of resonance positions of glycolic OH proton and amidic proton at trans position than a small ion, the magnitude of the shift change being almost proportional to the concentration of ion, and halogen anion formed in glycolic solution tending to interact with hydrogen at trans position rather than at cis position. From a comparison with the values for chemical shifts of water proton in aqueous alkali metal halide solution, it is suggested that the contribution of alkali metal halide to the chemical shift changes in glycolic solution is similar to those in aqueous solution.

Complexes of thallium with unsaturated bidentate sulphur ligands

The syntheses of dicyanoethylene-1,2-dithiolate (‘maleonitriledithiolate’, mnt) and toluene-3,4-dithiolate (tdt) complexes of thallium(III) are described. The red bis- and tris-mnt complexes react with aqueous alkali-metal halide solutions to give the brown complexes M2[(mnt)Tl(C4H3N2OS)](M = Na or K). On the basis of conductimetric and spectroscopic evidence, it is proposed that possible structures for these new complexes involve formally thallium(I) species.