Approval Ratings Research Articles

TPepPro: a deep learning model for predicting peptide-protein interactions.

Peptides and their derivatives hold potential as therapeutic agents. The rising interest in developing peptide drugs is evidenced by increasing approval rates by the FDA of USA. To identify the most potential peptides, study on peptide-protein interactions presents a very important approach but poses considerable technical challenges. In experimental aspects, the transient nature of peptide-protein interactions (PepPIs) and the high flexibility of peptides contribute to elevated costs and inefficiency. Traditional docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods require substantial computational resources, and the predictive accuracy of their results remain unsatisfactory. To address this gap, we proposed TPepPro, a Transformer-based model for PepPI prediction. We trained TPepPro on a dataset of 19,187 pairs of peptide-protein complexes with both sequential and structural features. TPepPro utilizes a strategy that combines local protein sequence feature extraction with global protein structure feature extraction. Moreover, TPepPro optimizes the architecture of structural featuring neural network in BN-ReLU arrangement, which notably reduced the amount of computing resources required for peptide-protein interactions prediction. According to comparison analysis, the accuracy reached 0.855 in TPepPro, achieving an 8.1% improvement compared to the second-best model TAGPPI. TPepPro achieved an AUC of 0.922, surpassing the second-best model TAGPPI with 0.844. Moreover, the newly developed TPepPro identify certain PepPIs that can be validated according to previous experimental evidence, thus indicating the efficiency of TPepPro to detect high potential PepPIs that would be helpful for amino acid drug applications. The source code of TPepPro is available at https://github.com/wanglabhku/TPepPro. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.\.

Global disparities in cancer care: Bridging the gap in affordability and access to medications between high and low‐income countries

AbstractBackgroundCancer remains a significant challenge for health care systems, despite notable progress in the field. These advancements have significant financial implications that disproportionately affect low‐income countries. This review article aims to explore the present state of drug development, assessing the availability of drugs in different income countries, and proposing potential solutions to address the inequality in access to new cancer treatments.MethodsA search was conducted on MEDLINE and PubMed on October 2, 2023 and updated on December 14, 2023, limited to English language articles.ResultsThere is a projected rise in cancer cases worldwide, particularly in low‐income countries where most cancer‐related deaths are expected. Although the approval rate of cancer treatments has risen, their excessive cost and lack of affordability pose significant barriers to widespread access. Disparities in the costs of crucial cancer medications are influenced by geographic location and procurement connections. Potential solutions to address the inequity in drug distribution include sharing production secrets, implementing price discrimination, international funding, improved primary health care measures, and the implementation of cost‐effective screening methods.ConclusionPreventing, screening for, and treating cancer should be a global priority with minimal differences in access to therapy among various countries.

Abstract 4137107: The Impact of Race in the Evaluation Process for Advanced Heart Failure Therapies

Introduction: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in heart failure therapy and heart transplantation have been well described. Potential racial disparities during the evaluation process for advanced heart failure (AHF) therapies is not well understood. We examined whether there were differences by race in the evaluation process for heart transplantation or left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Methods: Adult patients who underwent heart transplant or LVAD evaluation between May 1, 2014 – Dec 31, 2022 at the University of North Carolina Medical Center were included. Logistic regression models assessed whether approval for heart transplant listing or LVAD implantation differed by race. The multivariate model adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics, LVEF, RV function, and substance use. Secondary outcomes assessed included the time between critical points in the evaluation process: first clinical encounter with an AHF specialist, evaluation initiation, and final decision. Results: The study cohort included 611 patients (304 non-Hispanic Black patients, 307 non-Hispanic White patients). Black patients were younger than White patients (52.4 vs. 60.7 years), less male-predominant (65.5% vs. 81.4%), with less ischemic cardiomyopathy (16.8% vs. 58.3%, all p<0.05). There was no significant difference in approval for advanced therapies between Black and White patients (unadjusted OR [95% CI]: 1.24 [0.90-1.72]; adjusted OR 0.98 [0.64-1.48]). Male sex was associated with a higher likelihood of approval for AHF therapies (adjusted OR 1.55 [1.02-2.36]). Age (OR 0.98 [0.96-0.99]) and creatinine (OR 0.66 [0.53-0.82]) were associated with a lower likelihood of approval for AHF therapies. Black patients had a significantly longer time interval from the first AHF specialist encounter to the initiation of evaluation for AHF therapies (median 45.5 vs. 14 days, p <0.01), and from the initiation of the evaluation process to the final decision (25.5 vs. 14 days, p <0.01). Conclusions: Male patients had a greater approval rate for advanced heart failure therapies. Black and white patients did not have significantly different approval rates for LVAD implantation or listing for heart transplantation. However, the evaluation process was longer for black patients. Further work is needed to investigate which factors contribute to these racial and sex differences in the evaluation and approval process for advanced heart failure therapies.

What’s behind the Attitudes of the Ethnic Bulgarians in Reproductive Age towards Interethnic Marriages with Members of Bulgaria’s Turkish Community?

This piece of research investigates the determinants of ethnic Bulgarians’ attitudes towards interethnic marriages with members of Bulgaria’s Turkish community. A statistical analysis was conducted to examine the role of socio-demographic factors in shaping these attitudes. It discusses many factors but focuses on the statistically significant educational attainment, settlement type, family status, and net income. Higher levels of education do not necessarily lead to more tolerant attitudes towards interethnic marriages. Settlement type and family status emerge as influential determinants. Income is important in shaping attitudes, with the better-off households exhibiting higher approval rates to interethnic mixed marriages. These and other findings contribute to understanding interethnic attitudes and provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders working towards fostering social cohesion and inclusion.

Development of a Geoportal for the Integrated Management of Cartographic Information in the Llanganates-Sangay Connectivity Corridor

Objective: The objective of this research was to develop a GeoPortal using the ArcGIS Online platform for the Llanganates-Sangay Connectivity Corridor (CELS) to enhance its management and conservation. Theoretical Framework: The CELS in Ecuador is a key area for ecological connectivity between two protected areas. Due to its extension across different provinces, the geographic information of the area is dispersed, highlighting the need for a tool that unifies and centralizes these data. Method: This research adopts a mixed-method approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative data from a Geodatabase with geographic information. Meetings were held with the involved stakeholders to agree on the standards and base layers of the GeoPortal. The created platform was evaluated through surveys conducted with the CELS Research Network and entrepreneurs. Results and Discussion: The results revealed that the created platform received an approval rating of 4.33 out of 5, indicating a need for better dissemination of the platform's usage and benefits. Research Implications: The research addresses the efficiency and importance of creating a GeoPortal for managing an ecologically significant area. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by addressing a problem in an ecologically rich area and providing a solution through the creation of an appropriate tool. The relevance and value of this research are demonstrated in the creation of the GeoPortal and its positive reception.

Cleaning and Disinfection of Surfaces in a COVID-19 Respiratory Syndrome Unit: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of an educational intervention on the cleaning and disinfection processes within a respiratory syndrome unit, serving as a designated facility for COVID-19 patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed, incorporating a pre-intervention and postintervention assessment. The evaluation of surfaces involved various monitoring techniques, including Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) testing, colony-forming unit analysis, and visual inspections. All statistical analyses were conducted at a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Results: Following the implementation of the educational intervention, a notable reduction in surface contamination rates was observed. Significant improvements were noted for specific surfaces when utilizing the ATP testing method, including benchtops (p = 0.030), mattresses (p = 0.014), doorknobs (p = 0.014), and armchairs (p = 0.014). Furthermore, a decrease in the total count of aerobic bacteria was observed for benchtops (p = 0.014), mattresses (p = 0.014), and doorknobs (p = 0.014). Visual inspection results also indicated enhancements, with approval rates for benchtops, armchairs, and mattresses rising from 0% before the intervention to 37.5% afterward. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate substantial improvements in approval rates following the implementation of the educational intervention. Additionally, this research provides valuable insights for the development of ongoing educational initiatives for the healthcare team, incorporating evaluation and feedback mechanisms as well as updates to cleaning and disinfection protocols.

Do Government Benefits Affect Officeholders’ Electoral Fortunes? Evidence from State Earned Income Tax Credits

When do public policies influence citizens’ political attitudes and behavior, and among whom? We study this question using one of the largest social provision programs in the United States: the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). We exploit the staggered roll-out of state-level EITC programs to estimate the causal effect of the program on elections, voter behavior, and attitudes about the government. Contrary to predictions from the policy feedback literature, we show that the credit leads to higher vote shares and approval ratings for the implementing governor. These effects are temporally limited to the first years of the credit’s availability and dissipate over time. Taken together, our results offer new insights about the conditions under which particularistic economic policies affect political outcomes.

The importance of Method 300 to improve the mathematical foundation of first-year STEM Brazilian undergraduates

This research explores strategies to support first-year STEM Brazilian undergraduates in two programs, computer science and mathematics, through partnerships among faculty and student members and the implementation of an active methodology known as “Method 300” within an elementary mathematics course. The primary goal of these initiatives was to enhance the academic performance of freshmen. In Method 300, for students to benefit from grade improvements, they must assist each other, regularly attend team meetings, and commit to the activities that constitute the method. The method was implemented only during the first half of the course, fortunately it also implicated into the second part of the course, showing that a tenth of the students who performed poorly at the beginning achieved satisfactory and excellent performance in the last assessment, even though the content was more complex. According to the assessment system of the whole course, by monitoring students who initially had poor academic performance, it was found that half of them achieved satisfactory performance by the end of the course, which contributed to a final approval rate above 73% of all students. The condition of student heterogeneity is crucial for the effective application of Method 300; without it, this could become a potential limitation to its successful implementation. In addition to this strategy, the course was supported by voluntary extracurricular tutors, although these were underutilized by the freshmen, prompting us to consider new ways of providing support. These results suggest that future research in this field should focus on improving students’ academic performance by systematically replicating Method 300 in other courses for freshmen students.

Securitisation, Scapegoat, Identity Politics: Why Did President Duterte Mark Record-High Approval Ratings Despite His Failure to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic?

This paper delves into the Philippines’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the enforcement of a rigorous lockdown and the paradoxical rise in President Rodrigo Duterte's approval despite the virus's unmitigated spread. While conventional analyses lean on securitisation to explain military involvement in pandemic control, this paper argues that COVID-19 was not securitised in the Philippines. Instead, the government targeted the “pasaway” (undisciplined) as a supposed threat to national security, employing identity politics. By presenting the undisciplined as adversaries, the government garnered support from perceived “good citizens.” Despite human rights concerns and a lack of evidence linking the undisciplined to virus transmission, the narrative of cracking down on them garnered widespread approval. This challenges traditional securitisation explanations, suggesting that the emphasis on a “scapegoated enemy” and identity politics played a pivotal role in shaping public perception and elevating presidential approval ratings.

Presidential economic approval rating and global foreign exchange market volatility

This paper examines the influence of presidential economic approval rating (PEAR) on the volatility of 15 major foreign exchange (FX) markets. The study reveals that the PEAR index serves as an insightful predictor for forecasting certain FX market volatilities, demonstrating predictive accuracy both in- and out-of-sample period. This predictability endures over longer horizons and withstands various robustness assessments. Notably, the forecasting efficacy of PEAR surpasses that of uncertainty factors and macroeconomic indicators. Additionally, we illustrate that a combined forecast incorporating all predictors enhances forecasting robustness. Finally, our findings indicate that PEAR can also elucidate future jump risks and returns in FX markets.

Visa policy and international student migration: evidence from Canada

Abstract This article examines how visa policy affects international student migration. Using administrative data on community colleges in Canada, we evaluate a reform that introduced a new visa stream—the Student Partners Program (SPP)—with shorter processing times and higher approval rates for student visa applicants able to demonstrate that they have the financial resources and language skills to succeed academically. Using a triple difference estimator, we find that SPP increased student migration from treated countries by 34% relative to what would have occurred without the reform, and that this effect materialized only among students from origin countries suffering from low approval rates. Moreover, we show that higher enrollment was driven in roughly equal proportions by an increase in visa approval rates and the volume of visa applications, suggesting that the policy helped reduce statistical discrimination and increased the attractiveness of treated institutions. We also leverage the SPP reform to investigate potential crowding-out effects. While inflows of international students did not reduce the number of domestic students enrolled at Canadian community colleges, the reform helped foreign enrollment outpace domestic enrollment by crowding-in international students from countries that were not eligible to SPP.

Implementing a letter template to expedite specialty medication appeal letter submission

BackgroundPrior authorizations (PAs) for biologic medications, used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are often denied by pharmacy benefits managers and can require a complex appeal process for patients to gain access to medication. ObjectiveThis quality improvement project evaluated the impact of implementing a standardized appeal letter template and customizable clinical rationale letter content on specialty pharmacist workflow and workload in an integrated hospital health system specialty pharmacy (HSSP) IBD clinic. Practice descriptionThis initiative was conducted in an IBD outpatient clinic at a tertiary academic medical center with an integrated HSSP whose specialty pharmacists work collaboratively with providers to manage specialty medications. Practice innovationA letter template was created in the electronic health record (EHR) for pharmacists to use when submitting appeal letters. The template automatically populates patient results from recent labs, imaging, and clinic visit notes as part of the appeal documentation. Clinical rationale letter content was developed for the most common appeal reasons using EHR functionality that allows the creation of standardized notes that can be shared among team members and customized at time of use. Evaluation methodAn analysis of 2 months of data preimplementation/postimplementation was conducted using descriptive statistics to report the number of appeals submitted, time from PA denial to appeal submission, and appeal approval rate. A pharmacist postimplementation satisfaction score was also collected. ResultsThe number of appeals submitted preimplementation (n = 73) and postimplementation (n = 73) was the same. Postimplementation, 89% of appeals were submitted within 3 days of PA denial compared to 29% preimplementation. PA approval rate was high (93%) preimplementation and postimplementation. Overall pharmacist satisfaction was 9.7 out of 10. ConclusionImplementation of an appeal letter template and standardized clinical rationale letter content in the EHR led to decreased time to appeal submission and high specialty pharmacist satisfaction.

Impact of pathways navigation status on approval rates and outcomes of oral lung cancer treatments.

415 Background: Oral targeted therapies in lung cancer represent a costly but critical component of care. Currently, the approval process for these treatments can sometimes take several weeks. Assessing the approval rates and efficacy of on-pathway treatment recommendations is an important step towards bringing clinicians and payors together to streamline the decision support and authorization process. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed authorization requests for oral anti-cancer agents for lung cancer. Eligible requests were filed between August 1, 2022, to March 1, 2024, and represented new treatment starts for that agent. In addition to collecting information about final authorization decisions, we determined whether the use case was consistent with Dana-Farber Pathways treatment recommendations in place at the time of the order. Furthermore, we measured survival from the start of oral therapy. Median survivals were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. These were assessed for the whole cohort and for each class of genomic aberrations. Results: There were a total of 214 eligible oral therapy claims filed between August 1, 2022, to March 1, 2024. 147 (69%) of these were considered on pathway, while 67 (31%) were off pathway. In total, 100% of the on-pathway navigations received payor approval, compared to 93% of the off-pathway navigations. The estimated 12-month survival was 86.5% for the on-pathway group, compared to 56.5% for the off-pathway group. Median overall survival has not yet been reached for either group. EGFR and ALK targeted therapies accounted for the majority of authorization requests, with 114 and 28, respectively. Conclusions: With the use of Dana-Farber Lung Cancer Pathways, the majority of requests for targeted therapies were consistent with pathway recommendations. This on-pathway cohort not only achieved a 100% payor authorization rate, but the 12-month survival was superior to that of off-pathway requests. These data provide a meaningful starting point for pathways vendors and healthcare payors to develop mutually agreed upon recommendations for use of these costly but impactful therapies.

Racial and ethnic disparities in prior authorizations for patients with cancer.

Prior authorization is used to ensure providers treat patients with medically accepted treatments. Our objective was to evaluate prior authorization decisions in cancer care by race/ethnicity for commercially insuredpatients. Retrospective study of 18,041 patients diagnosed with cancer between January 1, 2017, andApril1,2020. Using commercial longitudinal data from a large national insurer, we described the racial and ethnic composition in terms of prior authorization process outcomes for individuals diagnosed with cancer. We then used linear regression models to evaluate whether disparities by race or ethnicity emerged in prior authorization process outcomes. The self-identified composition of the sample was 85% White, 3% Asian, 10% Black, and 1% Hispanic; 64% were female, and the mean age was 53 years. The average prior authorization denial rate was 10%, and the denial rate specifically due to no medical necessity was 5%. Hispanic patients had the highest prior authorization denial rate (12%), and Black patients had the lowest prior authorization denial rate (8%). Regressions results did not identify racial or ethnic disparities in prior authorization outcomes for Black and Hispanic patients compared with White patients. We observed that Asian patients had lower rates of prior authorization denials compared with White patients. We observed no differences in the prior authorization process for Black and Hispanic patients with cancer and higher rates of prior authorization approvals for Asian patients compared with White patients.

Economic Feasibility Study For The Setting Up And Utilization Of A Multipurpose Food Irradiation Facility In Jigawa State, North-West Nigeria

One proven and efficient method for processing and preserving food is food irradiation. Irradiation is a productive and economical technique that has several advantages over other technologies used in food processing. The technique helps prevent food loss and ensure food safety by getting rid of parasites and bacteria that can make people sick or even kill them. Produce from agriculture and animal food products can benefit from radiation treatment to increase shelf life while maintaining microbiological safety and quality. Based on more than 50 years of research and testing data, a number of national and international food and health organizations have acknowledged and supported the safety of food and products treated to ionizing radiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility for the establishment and utilization of a multipurpose food irradiation facility in Jigawa state and its environ as a post-harvest treatment for major arable crops cultivated in the state and its environ which include millet, sorghum, groundnut, sesame, rice, maize, tomatoes, pepper, onions, wheat, and dried fish. The study explored ways in which irradiation may be employed for each crops and vegetable with the approved dose rate. The cost of irradiation was also calculated for different sources of colbalt-60. The study results indicate one or more technically economically feasible application points for irradiation in the processing of each commodity considered. The most promising points are the potential for disinfestation of large quantity of crops and vegetables which will ensure food availability all year round and at a cheap rate for citizens as well as the potential for export thereby helping to grow the revenue and GDP of the state.

Achieving the SDGs: Challenges and Solutions for MSMEs Against Predatory Digital Loans

Predatory digital lending poses significant challenges to the sustainability of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. This study explores the reasons, consequences, and impacts of predatory digital loans on MSMEs, focusing on how these practices hinder economic well-being and growth. The research employs a qualitative method, utilizing content analysis from secondary sources, including academic journals, reports, and government documents. Data were collected through an in-depth review of literature and case studies of MSMEs affected by predatory loans. The findings reveal that many MSMEs, particularly in rural areas, lack sufficient financial literacy, which increases their vulnerability to predatory lending. Legal frameworks, such as POJK 35/POJK.05/2018, are inadequate in regulating debt collection ethics, allowing illegal practices to flourish. Additionally, gender disparities affect loan approval rates, with female borrowers facing higher risks of harassment. The study concludes that improving financial literacy, strengthening government regulations, and fostering collaboration between MSMEs, government bodies, and financial institutions are essential for protecting MSMEs from predatory digital lending. By doing so, MSMEs can achieve sustainable growth and contribute more effectively to Indonesia's economic development and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Beyond the Chalkboard: Digital Innovations in Islamic Learning through Interactive PowerPoint

In the Gen Z era, innovative and creative methods are essential for effective Islamic education. During that period, students are granted internet connectivity and portable digital devices, which facilitate the acquisition of knowledge about Islam. This study developed a novel interactive learning medium using PowerPoint Office 2010, focusing on Aqidah Akhlak’s curriculum implementation. Employing the ADDIE model as the research and development (R&D) strategy, the study involved validation by experts and practical assessments by teachers and students. The selected research instruments comprised expert validation sheets and media practicality assessments. The impact was computed with descriptive statistics. The results indicated high validity, with scores of 85% from material experts, 82.4% from media experts, and 87% from design experts. The practicality tests revealed 98% and 89.17% approval ratings from teachers and students, respectively. The effectiveness of the medium was demonstrated by a significant improvement in student performance, with pre-test and post-test scores of 69.70 and 85.29, respectively. These findings affirmed the impact of the developed interactive media on enhancing student learning outcomes in Islamic education.

Development of a Forehand Drive Table Tennis Training Model for Juvenile Offenders at the Special Juvenile Rehabilitation Institution in Bengkulu

This research aims to develop a forehand drive training model in table tennis, specifically designed for juvenile inmates at the Bengkulu Special Penitentiary for Children. This research uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach, using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The method used is the descriptive qualitative method. The study population consisted of juvenile inmates in correctional institutions, with a simple random sampling technique. Research instruments include observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The validation results from experts showed a high level of approval: material experts at 94%, language experts at 90%, and media experts at 92%. The small group trial involving 10 juvenile inmates resulted in an average approval rating of 86%, while the large group trial with 30 participants resulted in an average approval rating of 90%. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Table Tennis Forehand Drive Training Model developed for juvenile inmates at the Bengkulu Special Penitentiary for Children is "Highly Feasible" to be implemented as a new training model at the institution.

From novice to Expert: Reducing Breast Imaging rejection rates through physician mentorship in Advanced Practice Radiation therapy

PurposeThe study’s goal was to evaluate the impact of a Radiation Oncologist (RO)—Radiation Therapist (RTT) mentorship on image approval rates for a breast population undergoing radiation therapy in a high-volume practice. The mentorship was undertaken within a large health system in partial fulfillment of the Expert Practice Module for a Masters (MSc) in Advanced Practice Radiotherapy and Oncology. MethodsImages were retrieved from the MOSAIQ EMR on breast diagnostic code. 1,295 images/115 patients were reviewed pre-mentorship (October 2019-March 2020) and compared with 1,047 images/91patients during/post-mentorship (April 2020-September 2020). The Anderson-Gill (AG) model was used to estimate the hazard ratio for image rejection. Rejected images were classified by reason and compared using Fisher’s exact test. Concordance data (RO/RTT image rejection) were collected during Phase Three of the mentorship. ResultsOf 115 patients assessed pre-mentorship, 16 (14 %) had at least 1 image rejected at any session. Of 91 patients assessed post-mentorship, 8 (9 %) had at least 1 image rejected. Likelihood of image rejection decreased by 54 %, with a hazard ratio of 0.46 [95 % CI: 0.24, 0.88]; p = 0.0195. Reasons for image rejection differed pre- and post-mentorship. Poor imaging technique accounted for rejection of 9 of 24 images (37.5 %) before compared to 0 of 11 images (0 %) post-mentorship. Other reasons for image rejection: depth at isocenter (25 % pre-mentorship; 18 % post-mentorship), supraclavicular medial border position (12.5 % vs. 9.09 %), isocenter location (12.5 % vs. 0 %), arm position (4.17 % vs. 54.55 %); hip alignment (8.33 % vs. 18.18 %). Concordance rate was 100 %. ConclusionsThe mentorship proved successful in elevating the RTT’s skills and image approval rates, while contributing to improvements in departmental imaging best practices.

Expedited program and utilization for anticancer drug approval in China and the United States

Objective: To systematically summarize and comparatively analyze the development, establishment and usage of oncology drugs speedy review approaches in China and in the United States between 2012 and 2021. Methods: Based on National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) websites, the development and current status of the speedy review approaches were consulted and summarized. Approved oncology drugs in China and in the United States (87 in China, 118 in the United States) over the past decade were analyzed using chi-square test for group comparison. Results: Five speedy approaches have been established in China and in the United States, three of which are the same, priority review, conditional approval or accelerated approval and breakthrough therapy. The rest two are special review and approval, special examination and approval in China, and fast track and real-time oncology review in the United States. Compared to the United States, speedy review approaches in China set up late (1992 vs. 2005). The overall utilization rates of the oncology drugs speedy review approaches were similar between the China and United States (90.8% vs. 92.4%, P=0.800) in the previous 10 years, and priority review have highest utilization rates in both China and the United States without significant group difference (77.0% vs. 82.2%, P=0.381); relatively low utilization rates of conditional approval (31.0% vs. 44.9%, P=0.041) and breakthrough therapy (2.3% vs. 50.0%, P＜0.001) were seen in China. 52.9% of new drugs applied for special examination and approval in China and 40.7% of new drugs applied for fast track in the United States. Overall, the priority review both in China and the United States are stable, with a similar average annual utilization rate (84.8% vs. 83.7%); accelerated approval and breakthrough therapies in the United States fluctuate wildly, but the situation is tending towards stability in the last 3 years. Conclusions: Both China and the United States have established a relatively complete accelerated review system, with an overall utilization rate over 90%; China's accelerated review started late, although the overall utilization rate is close to that of the United States. The utilization rates of conditional approval and breakthrough therapy are still relatively low. Flexible usage of speedy review approaches, gaining regulatory recognition to use alternative endpoints, achieving real-time review and guidance are keys to accelerate new drug development in China.