Social History Approach Research Articles

Perempuan Tionghoa dalam Sejarah Olahraga Indonesia, 1908-1949: Dari Eksistensi hingga Memperjuangkan Kemerdekaan Indonesia

This research explores the involvement of Chinese women in the history of sports in Indonesia from the Dutch East Indies period to the Indonesian Revolution. Chinese women, who have been received less attention in the history of Indonesian sports, actually have a role in the process of sports development in Indonesia. Their influence can be seen through how they interpreted sports differently in each era. This research employs historical method to explain women’s involvement in sports history in Indonesia, drawing from sources such as newspapers, photos, and other scholarly materials. The findings are analyzed using the social history approach to comprehend and illustrate the trends in Chinese women’s involvement in the history of sports in Indonesia. This topic introduces a new area in Indonesian historiography and can serve as a fresh point of reference for historians interested in the history of sports and the Chinese community in Indonesia.

Standardizing play in the century of the car: the building information cards as shapers of the ideal urban childhood in Finland in the 1960s and 1970s

ABSTRACT Children’s playgrounds became part of the urban planning and evolution of Western cities at the turn of 19th and early 20th centuries. The overall objective was to improve urban children’s well-being and enhance safety by channelling play activities away from city streets towards designated play spaces. This article zooms in on the process of creating recommendations, norms and standards related to playgrounds. The subject under scrutiny is the standardization of childhood in Finland during the 1960s and 1970s, a period characterized by the most intense phases of urbanization, the establishment of welfare state institutions and the evolution of legislation pertaining to children's play spaces as well as vigorous discussions concerning children's environments. These planning discussions, norms and standards have had far-reaching consequences. They are not only prominently evident in today's Finnish cities but have also significantly influenced our contemporary perception of children's place within urban contexts. This study brings a social history approach to the academic discussion of the role of standardization in urban planning. Simultaneously, it examines the development of the increasingly standardized urban childhood in Finland in the 1960s and 1970s and asks what kind of childhood this standardization aimed to promote.

Urbanizace, industrializace, feminismus a ženské řeholní kongregace moderní doby: Několik poznámek k možnostem sociálních dějin k dalšímu výzkumu

The study deals with the typically modern phenomenon of European social and church history, which represents the origin and development of women’s religious congregations. It places the development of this specific form of women’s monastic life in the historical context and shows its connection with the modernization trends of Western society, especially with urbanization, industrialization and the rise of women’s and civic emancipation. Above all, it deals with the question of to what extent the methods and approaches of social history, historical anthropology and history of mentalities can still contribute to a deepened knowledge of this phenomenon. On the other hand, it demonstrates how the history of the activity of women’s congregations needs to be integrated into the economic and social history of the 19th and 20th centuries and what potential they entail for microhistory and history of everyday life.

Social Change and Reputational Elites: Assessments and Reassessments of the ‘Sporting Glory of Bulgaria’ (1989-2020s)

This article deals with post-communist period in Bulgaria and particularly with the social change on the example of sports elites. It is studying the transformation of old (totalitarian) sports elites into new (capitalist) ones, changes in their symbolic capital and content of new ‘reputational elites’, and the legacy of socialist sport in the transi-tion period. Social history and social anthropology approaches are used in order to apply elite theory and concept of Bourdieu for symbolic and social capital. The re-search is based on primary official and statistical documents and on oral standardized interviews.

The Fama of a Wife’s Family in the Heraldry of Her Husband: The Case of the Marriage of Michał Jan Gorski and Marianna Regina Wojna (Second Half of the 18th Century)

This article presents an analysis of the heraldry of the Samogitian castellan Michał Jan Gorski (1717–1776), based on the 36 seals he used, three types of armorial stove tiles and two marks of patronage (at the Dominican Church of the Holy Spirit in Vilnius and the Telšiai Cathedral). These sources highlighted the development of his heraldry, while the application of semiotics and the social history approach helped reveal the motives for why the castellan used his much-admired marital coat of arms for so long.The heraldry used by Gorski may be divided into two stages. In the first (up to 1753), upon marrying Teresa Nagórska, he concentrated mostly on the manifestation of his parents’ heraldry (the type I seal). In the second stage (1753–1776), which began with his marriage to Marianna Regina Wojna and ended with the castellan’s own passing, his seals (types II to V), stove tiles and marks of patronage all featured his marital coat of arms in the centre of the two-field shield, with Gorski’s Nałęcz on the heraldic right, and the three horns of Wojna’s Trąby on the heraldic left. In addition, during the second stage the Samogitian castellan’s heraldry gradually grew more complex, where alongside the repeating decorative details (the crown on the helmet, the ducal mantle, etc.), new aspects emerged: a) an eagle’s head was used in the left corner of the shield on the type II seal, which signified rule over the county of Kėdainiai and reflected the growth of Gorski’s economic potential; b) the male heraldic ornament above the shield on the type III seal – a typical marital coat of arms element was used; c) symbols conveying the castellan’s rising status were used on the type IV and V seals: the ribbons and crosses from the Russian Order of Saint Anna (1764) and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s Order of Saint Stanislaus (1772), and abbreviations of the offices he held.The functionality of the Samogitian castellan’s marital coat of arms (with the Wojna family’s Three Horns) even after the death of his second wife and his entering into a new marriage demonstrates its importance to Gorski, which depended on several factors. First, M. R. Wojna came from a family that his its own fama – its members in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania held high secular and religious offices in the 16th–17th centuries. Second, this family had a well known memoria (burial) place in the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – the Wojna Chapel in the Vilnius Cathedral. Third, certain factors (nine children, his request to be buried next to this wife, a longer period of mourning, perhaps, after her passing, three surviving portraits of this woman, etc.) testify that this couple shared a warm, close relationship. Fourth, Gorski’s second wife was the last representative of the Wojna family in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Thus, by marrying her, the Samogitian castellan not only took over the entire landholdings of this family, which significantly increased his economic potential, but also part of this family’s respectability, or fama, which he earnestly reminded other castellans of by specifically using his marital coat of arms. The latter instance shows how successful marital policy could be cleverly conveyed in the heraldry of the nobility.The Wojna family’s coat of arms in the marital heraldry of the Samogitian castellan was his social capital, becoming a part of his identity and paving the way for Gorski’s growth in status. We can see this not only from his ascent through various offices in the Duchy of Samogitia, but also from unofficial titulature, where Gorski was initially identified as the “lord of Kražiai and Salantai” before eventually being titled as count (from 1767). Thus, it is no accident that thanks to M. J. Wojna, the Gorski family featured among the top-twelve largest Lithuanian landowners according to their economic capability in the second half of the 18th century.

Izmišljena ili stvarna pretnja? Trockisti u SFRJ od studentskog protesta 1968. do suđenja trockističkoj trojci 1972. godine

This paper unveils the Trotskyist-Lambertist cell formation in Yugoslavia and the key role played by Yugoslav Trotskyists. It establishes their pre-1972 existence and active involvement in the actions leading to the 1972 conviction of three Belgrade students. This pioneering historiographical research sheds new light on post-1968 Belgrade student movement dynamics. Beyond uncovering hitherto unnoticed resistance to the communist regime, this study argues for social history approach, emphasizing activist perspectives, and innovative sources drawn from French archives, private collections, and oral history. The findings offer a nuanced comprehension of the regime’s repression tactics.

Sources of Anti-Secularism in Modern Turkey: A Social History Approach

ABSTRACT The secular reforms the young Republic of Turkey launched during the interwar period were one of the most comprehensive modernization schemes in the world history. These extraordinary reforms have been considered as the sole maker of today’s Turkey. The political histories, focusing on formal politics, mostly reduced the social opposition to secularism to a few well-known hapless protests and rebellions. This article, however, argues that modern Turkey was the culmination of a more complicated process in which popular opposition to these reforms also shaped politics. It reveals that the daily life of ordinary people, particularly in rural areas, was rife with the anti-secular voices and attitudes by exploring non-elite public spheres and popular discursive strategies though which anti-secular opinions and attitudes were produced and expressed. Rather than seeing them as a result of clash between secularism and religion, it emphasizes the socio-economic reasons that lead to people’s negative response, primarily the loss of authority or economic advantages of some groups due to reforms. Finally this article offers that the roots of the Islamist politics of the following decades could be sought in this popular dissent, which subtly contested the secularism’s hegemony in daily life during the early republic.

Resolution to Ethnic Conflict: Anti-Chinese Riots in Garut, Indonesia, in the middle of the Twentieth Century

The Anti-Chinese riots in Indonesia are a dark side of history that must be uncovered. The riots caused by ethnicity and racism worldwide, such as the recent Anti-Chinese issue in the United States, also occurred even in Indonesia after World War II. The racial riots in Garut destroyed Chinese-owned houses, factories, and shops on two consecutive days. The research uses historical methods, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography, that reveal the memories of victims, perpetrators, witnesses, and rare primary personal archives. Through a social history approach, the research indicates that not only ethnicity causes violence but also social, political, and religious sentiments initiated by youth organizations, local religious leaders, and former followers of the revolutionary movement. This study provides benefits so that the public and stakeholders can manage ethnic, religious, racial, and inter-group issues to avoid ethnic conflicts that end in violence.

Population Structure and Size of Early Yekaterinburg (1723-1744)

The article is dedicated to the study of the social structure of the population of early Ekaterinburg. The main objective was to investigate individual social groups of the population, as well as the specifics of their formation in a situation of a rapidly growing and developing industrial and administrative center. The research was based on documentary sources of official record-keeping, the most significant of which were the data from local (factory) censuses of residents of the fortress factory in the 1720s — 1740s. Using quantitative analysis methods and social history approaches, the main social groups of the population were identified and characterized. Their numbers were determined, and the history of their formation and employment specifics in the mining industry were analyzed. The conclusions were drawn about the existence of a special social policy by the mining plant administration. It was found that it was aimed not only at maintaining optimal working capacity but also at progressively expanding the group of factory personnel by including representatives of new social groups such as soldiers, recruits, schoolchildren, exiles, and convicts in labor processes. It was shown that by the mid-18th century, Ekaterinburg, founded in 1723, was not inferior to both old and new urban centers in terms of infrastructure development, administrative, industrial, and social institutions, and population composition.

FATWA SHEIKH AḤMAD KHAṬĪB AL-MINANGKABĀWĪ (DS 0003 00018): A Jāwī Ulama’s Response to the Heterodoxy of Sufism

This article discusses the fatwa of a Jāwī or Malay-Indonesian archipelago ulama who taught in Mecca in the early twentieth century, Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Minangkabau (1860-1916). He was issuing fatwa on heterodox sufism in the archipelago. His fatwa is written in a manuscript from Ogan Komering Ilir entitled Fatwa Sheikh Aḥmad Khaṭīb al-Minangkabāwī (DS 0003 00018). The manuscript has been digitized by DREAMSEA in 2019. This manuscript was probably written when he became a lecturer in Mecca between 1887-1914. It contains questions and answers about the existence of the name Muhammad and rūḥ al-quds (holy spirit) in the human heart that commands the body. Using a social history approach, this study shows that the Fatwa manuscript shows the response of Jāwī ulama who were increasingly influenced by the teachings of Islamic reformism. Ahmad Khatib stated that it was impossible for the spirit of Muhammad and rūḥ al-quds to exist in the body. For him, Muhammad is a human being and the holy spirit is Gabriel, an angel. He stated that whoever believes that both Muhammad and Gabriel are in his/her body is wrong and misguided, and if he/she believes that they are eternal, then he/she is a disbeliever. Ahmad Khatib’s fatwa indicate an attempt to purge the heterodoxy of sufism continually by Sunnī ulama in the early twentieth century.

Islamic Law in Historical Perspective; A Critical Study of Joseph Schacht's Thought

This article discusses Islamic law from a historical perspective; a critical study of Josep Schacht's thought. To know more deeply about Islamic law from a historical perspective based on the thoughts of Josep Schacht. The method used is library research with data sources sourced from books by Joseph Schacht, an Introduction to Islamic Law, and The Origin of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. All data collected was verified and analyzed using content analysis. The results show that the source of Islamic law according to Schacht through a social history approach is not a set of revealed norms, but rather a historical phenomenon that is closely related to the social setting. So, Islamic law was formed as a result of the process of historical development. Schacht's idea is a very constructive idea for the progress of Islam, if this idea is seen selectively, innovatively, and proportionally rather than being attacked blindly without seeing the truth in it. Although of course, other parts are not in line with Islamic teachings.

Roman Medan: Analisis Potret Sosial dalam Karya Sastra Masa Revolusi Indonesia di Sumatera Timur, 1945-1949

This article aims to elucidate the role of the literary work "Roman Medan" in depicting the socio-historical landscape of the Indonesian Revolution in East Sumatra. Employing a historical methodology and a social history approach, this research leverages various written sources, including "Roman Medan" stories published during the Indonesian Revolution era, newspapers, and supplementary literature. Despite the pervasive turmoil during the Revolution, authors and prominent figures did not remain silent; they endeavored to navigate through armed conflicts and diplomatic channels. In the context of East Sumatra, these efforts culminated in the creation of "Roman Medan." Unfortunately, these literary works have received limited attention, even though "Roman Medan" constitutes an authentic cultural product of the local community, offering profound insights into the lives of the people. The findings underscore that the conditions prevailing during the Revolution provided literary inspiration for authors. Through "Roman Medan" they conveyed the spirit of nationalism and offered a glimpse into the daily lives of individuals during this transformative period. Consequently, "Roman Medan" serves as a valuable resource for understanding the social realities of the Indonesian Revolution in East Sumatra.

The Events of Friday Ta'addud in the Text of Min al-Mihnah wa al-Musibah Ta'addud al-Jumu'at bi al-Ghasibah by Sayyid Uthman bin Yahya al-'Alawi: A Historical Review

The purpose of this study is to analyze the text Min al-Mihnah wa al-Musibah Ta'addud al-Jumu'at bi al-Ghasibah by Sayyid Usman bin Yahya al-‘Alawi, which can be a valuable resource for a broader audience, and to uncover its main ideas. This study adopts the intellectual social history approach and focuses on the manuscript as the primary data source. The findings of this study show that the manuscript contains a fatwa issued by Sayyid Usman bin Abdullah bin Aqil bin Yahya al-‘Alawi regarding the occurrence of ta'addud jum'at in Palembang, and it covers twelve topics. In the manuscript, Sayyid Usman argues that the Friday prayer performed in Palembang was invalid according to the Shafi'i school, and he also explains that the Shafi'i school permit ta'addud jum'at under two conditions: necessity and emergency. After reviewing the situation, he concluded that ta'addud jum'at was not valid in Palembang.

The Smell of Opium in Minangkabau: Tradition of Betel Chewing and Smoking Tobacco in the 19th Century

One of the historical themes of the Padri movement in Minangkabau in the 19th century was about eradicating the habit of smoking madat that occurred in Minangkabau society. The habit of smoking opium cannot be read at face value without investigating how opium-derived opium is used in the daily habits of the Minangkabau people. For example, in the habit of chewing betel nut and smoking tobacco. Therefore, using a social history approach, this paper will describe how opium is involved in the habit of chewing betel nut and smoking tobacco in the Minangkabau community. Thus, this paper will help explain how to understand the social context of the Padri in eradicating habits that they consider to be behavior that is not in accordance with Islamic teachings.

Implications of Waqf Land Management from the Perspectives of Positive Law and Islamic Law: A Case Study of Waqf Land in North Sumatra

Introduction: Waqf is a sign of giving whose implementation is carried out by retaining (ownership) of origin (tahbisul ashli), then making the benefits generally accepted. Purposes of the Research: To find out about the management of waqf property in North Sumatra, especially the waqf land of Tengku Darwisyah in Serdang Bedagai according to positive law and Islamic law.Methods of the Research: This research is a qualitative study with a social history approach to Islamic law.Results of the Research: The management of the waqf land of Tengku Darwisyah is still far from expectations because it has not been managed perfectly and only has a traditional and consumptive nature, and there has been no good management. In addition, the trustee of the waqf of Tengku Darwisyah is passive and even fatalistic by allowing tenants to build permanent structures such as places of worship, sports halls (GOR), farms, and trading companies, which should be productive, and this policy is not based on any contract or agreement.

System Leadership in Continuing Education in Digital Era Industry 4.0

This research aimed to describe education leadership in continuing education by building the system leadership as a reform system in the professional and modern era. This research is descriptive qualitative research using a social history approach. The design research method was carried out in four phases: data collection, data display, conclusions, and data condensation. The result of this research shows that all education leaders in all levels should be building a system leadership as a reform system for the generation in the modern era to education for sustainable development in Papua.

The Sino-Soviet Alliance: An International History by Austin Jersild

<i>The Sino-Soviet Alliance: An International History</i> by Austin Jersild

THE CONTINUITY AND CHANGE OF DIYAT AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ISLAMIC CRIMINAL SANCTIONS IN UNDHANG-UNDHANG BANTĚN DURING THE 17th – 18th CENTURIES

This research emphasizes the shift from the archaic trend of applying corporal punishment to other types of humane punishment in pre-modern periods. This phenomenon occurred not only in the Western world but also in the Eastern and Islamic worlds. One of them was the criminal law contained in the Banten Law (UUB), which was implemented in the Banten sultanate between the 18th and 19th centuries. Islamic criminal law in the form of qişaş and hudûd sanctions was no longer applied in Banten, but was replaced with more humane fines or diyat sanctions. Was the criminal law reform in the sultanate of Banten influenced by developments in Western law? One of the explanations given in the UUB was that the sultan of Banten employed the view of the Maliki school of thought, which allowed the ruler the right to impose takzir on criminal cases that had been resolved by Islamic law sanctions. The legal case for using diyať sanctions instead of qišaš and hudûd punishments was more substantial if takzir punishment was employed. This study used data in the form of UUB manuscript (single text) with the code number LOr 5598. The legal texts in UUB were analyzed using a legal social history approach. This study concludes that the application of law in UUB has dogmatic reasons for Islamic criminal law and the interests of siyasať syar'iyať.

Архивные документы Всероссийского попечительства об охране материнства и младенчества как источник по изучению социальной политики в 1910-е-1918 гг.

The relevance of the study springs from searching for an optimal model of family policy in modern Russia. Research of history of family policy focuses on social transformations in the Soviet period. Contribution of social experiments of the early 20th century is underestimated. New archival documents are rarely involved. The article is to assess the archival potential of fonds and documents of the All-Russian Guardianship of the Maternity and Infancy Protection for studying social family policy and creation of a new system of social assistance in the field of maternity and childhood protection in the 1910s. The key methodological concepts are approaches of social history of medicine, which permit to consider the impact of development of the institute of medicine on social and everyday spheres of life. The main method is content analysis of archival documents and fond series, containing materials on the activities of the Guardianship. The authors have worked with fonds of the Russian State Historical Archive (fond 767), the State Archive of the Russian Federation (fond 1795), the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg (fonds 19, 255, 469). The study of the Guardianship documents has shown that main directions of social policy in the field of maternity and childhood protection were laid down in 1914–18. In that short period, under the crisis conditions of wartime, all existing forms and practices of social policy in this area were used. The success of the Guardianship was determined by its clear organization and involvement of prominent representatives of the expert community. Archival documents have shown that the Guardianship had a fundamentally new organizational status. On the one hand, it performed functions of a ministry (coordination of activities of all organizations implementing social family policy, network of representative offices in the regions, substantial state funding, involvement of prominent statesmen). On the other hand, it had the features of a charitable institution (numerous grassroots initiatives, democratic management style, attracting private funding). The results of its work were forgotten, but the best practices proposed and tested in its active work were used by the Soviet authorities. Its legacy formed a basis for construction of the Soviet system of protection of motherhood and childhood; its results and practices were scaled nationwide and became a part of the state concept of Soviet family policy.

Lead for the victory: living and labor conditions for workers at the Chimkent lead plant

Living conditions, including the production aspects of people’s livelihood are essential features of the level of society development. The studying of living conditions, labour of workers caused by both a catastrophic shortage of resources and insufficient thoughtfulness of the production process is a necessary condition for establishment an objective picture of the of Soviet society history. The given article scopes out and analyzes labor conditions of workers of defense enterprises, who made significant contribution to the improvement of the defense capability of the USSR in the context of social history approaches and the history of everyday life. The purpose and objectives of the presented article has been solved by introducing and analyzing a number of historical sources extracted by the authors from the archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. Living conditions and labor of workers of defense enterprises are considered on the materials of the Chimkent lead plant, one of the main plants of the USSR for the production of lead. For its achievements the plant was named after M.I. Kalinin in 1935, further in 1939 the plant staff was awarded the highest award – Medal of Lenin. The importance of the plant especially increased during the war years, taking into account the shift of the industrial center of the USSR to the East. Finally, the article presents the authors’ conclusions about the deterioration of the working conditions of employees and increasing of the cases of injuries and diseases during the War.