Appraisal Of Value Research Articles

Railway station, The Image of the City, and transit-oriented development: an appraisal of the cognitive value of transit hubs

ABSTRACT A train station may be seen as an anecdote about the history and evolution of a city, a system of interaction between human groups, a space for the production and provision of services, a place of collective consumption and linked decisions, an arena of physical vigor, or a field of conflict. What draws the attention of this study toward train stations is the shifting interest of urban policymakers and governance authorities from automobile-dependent unsustainable cities towards public transit-oriented sustainable cities. Therefore, academic attention needs to be paid to the cognitive characteristics of train stations and the implication of those characteristics on the practices that consider stations as an inevitable ingredient of urban development. This research addresses the intuitive question of how train stations, the cognitive value associated with them, and the importance of this value as obligatory constituents of decisions can affect urban policy formulation and allocation of resources. The present endeavor is grounded on the objective of making a general theoretical argument about the relevance and responsiveness of train stations to the history and functioning of urban places, the consequent human cognitive value attached to them and the possible role of this value in a specific set of actions, i.e. rail-based transit-oriented development. This objective guided the fundamental argument of this research: the cognitive importance of railway stations as identity-makers of urban landscape must be acknowledged by the contemporary urban development practices that consider train stations as catalysts of socially inclusive, economically viable and environmentally sustainable urban development.

Appraisal of hand value of denim fabrics

Purpose Denim fabric has become a wardrobe staple due to its versatility to be worn in a variety of fashions. This paper aims to study denim fabrics to understand their unique hand by developing a hand evaluation system using computational method. Also, the effect of various washes was studied on the hand and surface morphology of denim fabrics. Design/methodology/approach Five different denim samples were manufactured with various washing treatments. The Kawabata Evaluation System was used to measure the low stress mechanical properties. Computation method was used to develop hand equations using multiple regression technique in the MS Excel software. The correlation coefficient analysis was done to determine the authenticity of the developed equations. Five primary hand attributes such as softness, smoothness, fullness, flexibility and stretchability were shortlisted by a panel of judges that influence the fabric handle. Findings The correlation coefficient between subjective and computational total hand values with thermal properties and without thermal properties was 0.88 and 0.85, respectively. The enzymatic wash fabric has the highest total hand value followed by the acid, bleach and stone-washed fabrics. Originality/value Although the hand evaluation system is available for conventional textiles like suiting and shirting fabrics, the method to predict fabric hand of non-conventional textiles such as denim fabrics remains an unexplored topic. The stresses acting on denim fabrics are completely different. Therefore, to the best of the author’s knowledge, a novel attempt has been made in this research work to develop a computational model to predict the total hand value of denim fabrics.

Biomarkers for Cancer: A Detail Review

When aberrant cells multiply uncontrolled, transcend their normal borders, invade nearby tissues, or spread to other organs, a wide spectrum of illnesses collectively referred to as "cancer" can arise in practically every organ or tissue of the body. The second-leading cause of death globally in 2018, cancer was expected to be responsible for 9.6 million deaths, or one in every six fatalities. A cancer biomarker is a characteristic that can be used to gauge a patient's likelihood of developing cancer or its outcome. Various biomarkers can be used at molecular and cellular level. It is crucial that biomarkers undergo thorough review, including analytical validation, clinical validation, and appraisal of clinical value, prior to being included into normal clinical treatment because of the crucial role they play at all stages of disease. We discuss important steps in the creation of biomarkers in this review, including how to prevent introducing bias and standards to adhere to when presenting the findings of biomarker research.

Binding Constitutional History

The Constitution requires that direct taxes be apportioned among the states by population. The original purpose of the rule was to apportion direct taxes upon the states, that is, requisitions, to ensure that tax rates on wealth were equal across the states. Population was the best available measure of the relative wealth of the state. The Articles of Confederation had required apportionment of direct taxes by the relative value of real estate and improvements, but the system had failed because Congress could not control the manipulation of appraisal of value submitted by the states. Under the assumption that population measured wealth, per capita wealth was therefore assumed to be equal among the states, and a tax apportioned by population would therefore mean that tax rates on wealth would be equal across the states. Apportionment by population was thought out and debated under the Articles of Confederation, which allowed Congress to tax revenue only by requisitions upon the states. Where apportionment did not lead to uniform rates, or could not be reasonably applied, the tax was therefore not direct. Apportionment was written to be a just rule leading to equal rates on wealth and not a prohibition on federal use of a tax. When a base is not equal per capita, apportionment if applied would lead to higher tax rates in poorer states, which is the opposite of what the requirement was intended to accomplish.

OP43 Conceptual And Methodological Factors Driving The Integration Of Real-World Evidence In Drugs And Technologies Reimbursement Appraisals

IntroductionReal-world evidence (RWE) can be of value to support comparative effectiveness of drugs and technologies by providing additional information about their use for a variety of patients in real contexts of care. However, the integration of RWE in appraisals can be challenging, and INESSS felt the need to reinforce and explicit the underlying methodological and theoretical foundations.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was carried out, followed by collaborative development work by members of the methodological and assessment teams.ResultsThe literature review led to a common understanding of RWE underlying principles and fed the subsequent phases of the project. Three factors were identified as driving the integration of RWE in reimbursement appraisals at INESSS. Specifically, (i) the design and conduct of the real-world studies are done in accordance with best practices, (ii) the results are presented transparently and include all relevant information to assess the quality of the study and the data, and (iii) the RWE submitted is appropriate and relevant for decision-making. This third component is further ascertained by considering the decisional context (what are the circumstances motivating the submission of RWE and how does it correlate or not with existing evidence?), the data (is the dataset fit for decision needs?) and the study methods (are study design and analytical methods robust enough?). Globally, INESSS considers the integration of RWE in appraisals and its weighting, in relation with the (more traditional) available evidence, to be a case-by-case exercise.ConclusionsThe characterization of the main factors driving the integration of RWE in reimbursement appraisals at INESSS serves as a basis for communicating the requirements for evaluation submissions by sponsors. It further reinforces INESSS capabilities in assessing innovations, which can imply an appraisal of value at various moments along the lifecycle and with a diversity of evidence types. Considering the rapidly evolving literature and international experience, this work is expected to evolve too, and will be updated as needed.

Relational energy and co-creation: effects on hospitality stakeholders’ wellbeing

ABSTRACT Drawing from service-dominant logic and conservation of resources theory, the aim of this study was to examine the integration of relational energy as a complementary operant resource. US respondents (n = 720) participated in a scenario-based online survey depicting value co-creation at a destination resort as customers (N = 360) and front-line employees (N = 360). PROCESS Model and MANOVA results showed that in value co-creation, relational energy had direct and mediated effects on actors’ subjective wellbeing and perceptions of company competitive service advantage (PSCA). Positive appraisal of co-created value served a mediating role for actors’ wellbeing and PSCA. Generations served as a full moderator from relational energy to wellbeing, and partial moderator from co-created value (CCV) to wellbeing. No moderation effect of generations was found between CCV and PCSA, but partial moderation from relational energy to PSCA. This study is the first to identify relational energy as a resource necessary for successful co-creation that improves actors’ wellbeing.

Econometric Models for the Estimation of the Commercial Value of Residential Real Estate Objects in Latvia

Real estate market formation in Latvia occurs in the conditions of practical absence of a single system of methodological approaches to real estate estimation adapted for the Latvian conditions. In the article it is proved that along with individual estimation it is possible to use methods of mass appraisal of the commercial value of the real estate, constructed on the basis of econometric models. Application of such models will allow us to receive rather precise, authentic estimation of the commercial value of residential real estate in the conditions of dynamics of the Latvian market of real estate.

Urban Scene Protection and Unconventional Practices—Contemporary Landscapes in World Heritage Cities of Spain

This paper theoretically examines the extent to which visual perception has excluded alternative forms of culture in World Heritage cities and towns in Spain. To do so, an initial review is carried out of the UNESCO framework and criteria which establishes the outstanding universal value of Spanish cities and towns. This is followed by a review of minor concepts such as informality and creativity, which are related to alternative conceptions of culture and heritage. Thirdly, a review of the literature provides an overview of the appraisal of the social value in the heritage realm. This is achieved through the Historic Urban Landscape approach, which is adapted to specific forms of local appraisal. An analysis of policy helps explain the need to review principles of protection in terms of ethical evaluations. The analysis shows that outdated policies clash with contemporary assessment and participatory methods of heritage-making.

A Signature of 14 Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as a Step towards Precision Diagnosis for NSCLC.

Simple SummaryAlthough the biological function of lncRNAs has not been fully elucidated, we know that the aberrant expression of lncRNAs can drive the cancer phenotype. Therefore, a growing area of research is focusing on lncRNAs as putative diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The aim of the study was the appraisal of the diagnostic value of 14 differentially expressed lncRNA in the early stages of NSCLC. We established two classifiers. The first recognized cancerous from noncancerous tissues, the second successfully discriminated NSCLC subtypes (LUAD vs. LUSC). Our results indicate that the panel of 14 lncRNAs can be a promising tool to support a routine histopathological diagnosis of NSCLC.LncRNAs have arisen as new players in the world of non-coding RNA. Disrupted expression of these molecules can be tightly linked to the onset, promotion and progression of cancer. The present study estimated the usefulness of 14 lncRNAs (HAGLR, ADAMTS9-AS2, LINC00261, MCM3AP-AS1, TP53TG1, C14orf132, LINC00968, LINC00312, TP73-AS1, LOC344887, LINC00673, SOX2-OT, AFAP1-AS1, LOC730101) for early detection of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The total RNA was isolated from paired fresh-frozen cancerous and noncancerous lung tissue from 92 NSCLC patients diagnosed with either adenocarcinoma (LUAD) or lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). The expression level of lncRNAs was evaluated by a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Based on Ct and delta Ct values, logistic regression and gradient boosting decision tree classifiers were built. The latter is a novel, advanced machine learning algorithm with great potential in medical science. The established predictive models showed that a set of 14 lncRNAs accurately discriminates cancerous from noncancerous lung tissues (AUC value of 0.98 ± 0.01) and NSCLC subtypes (AUC value of 0.84 ± 0.09), although the expression of a few molecules was statistically insignificant (SOX2-OT, AFAP1-AS1 and LOC730101 for tumor vs. normal tissue; and TP53TG1, C14orf132, LINC00968 and LOC730101 for LUAD vs. LUSC). However for subtypes discrimination, the simplified logistic regression model based on the four variables (delta Ct AFAP1-AS1, Ct SOX2-OT, Ct LINC00261, and delta Ct LINC00673) had even stronger diagnostic potential than the original one (AUC value of 0.88 ± 0.07). Our results demonstrate that the 14 lncRNA signature can be an auxiliary tool to endorse and complement the histological diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer.

THE CONCEPT OF REAL ESTATE TAXATION BASED ON THE AD VALOREM PRINCIPLE

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the pros and cons of ad valorem real estate taxation in the context of the reform of the Polish real estate taxation system. A property tax (or millage tax) is a levy on property that the owner is required to pay. The tax is levied by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located; it may be paid to a national government, a federated state, a county or geographical region, or a municipality. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property. This contrasts with a rent and mortgage tax, which is based on a percentage of the rent or mortgage value. There are four broad types of property: land, improvements to land (immovable man-made objects, such as buildings), personal property (movable man-made objects), and intangible proper-ty. Real property (also called real estate or realty) means the combination of land and im-provements. Under a property tax system, the government requires and/or performs an appraisal of the monetary value of each property, and tax is assessed in proportion to that value. Forms of property tax used vary among countries and jurisdictions. Real proper-ty is often taxed based on its classification. Classification is the grouping of properties based on similar use. Properties in different classes are taxed at different rates. Examples of different classes of property are residential, commercial, industrial, and vacant real proper-ty. In Israel, for example, property tax rates are double for vacant apartments versus occu-pied apartments.

Appraisal of documentary heritage objects value in scientific library, archives, museum: topical problems of theory and practice

The article is devoted to the topical problems of theory and practice of appraisal of documentary heritage objects value in scientific libraries, archives, museums taking into consideration functional and stock specifics of these institutions. Its goals and tasks, principles and axiological criteria are described. It is shown that the main goal of such appraisal is determining the place of documentary heritage objects as the objects of the appraisal in the system of cultural values of modern society, establishing the belonging of these objects to cultural heritage objects of world, national, regional, local significance. Appraisal of documentary heritage objects is analyzed as one of important areas of scientific and administrative activities which to a large extent ensures the functioning, improvement of information potential and accordingly the image of the library, archives, museum. The Ukrainian experience of the recent decades is highlighted in many aspects, namely: regulation, organization and appraising documentary heritage objects at the state, interdepartmental and departmental levels, at the level of the profile institution fund-holder. The features of the appraisal, the objects of which are archival heritage objects and book heritage objects, are revealed. It is emphasized that the appraisal of value of the existing funds and collections of documentary heritage objects is the basis for the development and implementation of modern individual concepts and integrative projects for libraries, archives and museums, which provides for the coexistence and interrelation of material expositions and various forms of virtual information.

Katherine Foxhall. Migraine: A History

This is an exemplary book, majestic in its scope, forensic in its attention to detail, and judicious in its balancing of the shifting boundaries of medical knowledge and the recovery of the experiences of migraine that medical knowledge has neglected. To track the history of a disorder over more than a thousand years, set against a working knowledge of contemporary pharmaceutical innovations and medical politics, would give all but a few scholars a serious headache. Foxhall pulls it off with aplomb, revealing not only a long and complex conceptual history of migraine, from hemicrania to megrim to sick headache to migraine, but also a clear appreciation of the situatedness of the experience of these disorders and the power structures that validate or invalidate accounts of suffering. Interwoven in all of this is a history of therapeutic treatments for migraine, from a tenth-century “leechbook” to a seventeenth-century manuscript household recipe book; from astrology to water treatments; from patent pills and nostrums to dietary regimens; from trepanation to vasoconstriction; from crushed worms to caffeine to art therapy. It is an astonishing parade of medical knowledge and, crucially, an appraisal of the practical value of this medical knowledge.

The Implication of Self-Relevant Value and Value of Travelling Consumption on Propensity to Share Electronic Word of Mouth of Traveler

This study aims to examine the effect of 3 dimensions of self-relevant value (Reflected Appraisal of Self, Conspicuous Value, and Self-Image Congruity) and 3 dimensions of value of traveling consumption (Desire for Experience Travel, Need for Uniqueness, and Social Esteem) on the tendency for someone to share their experiences on social media (e-WOM). To answer the research objectives, this study uses a quantitative research design using cross sectional time dimension of the study. The questionnaire was used as a sample data collection tool, in which the sampling was done purposively. The data collection method used in this study is by distributing online questionnaires by inserting questionnaires into Google Form, then online questionnaires are distributed through social media such as Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp. Appropriate respondents to fill out this questionnaire are people who have visited popular tours in Indonesia, especially young tourists. Data analysis method is planned using Multiple Regression Analysis. The results show that four of the six hypotheses are proven in this study. There are two hypotheses that are rejected, specifically the relationship between conspicuous value on propensity to share e-WOM, and the relationship between self-esteem on propensity to share e-WOM. This study gives a contribution to the body of knowledge on the relationship between self-relevant value and desire to experience travel concepts on propensity of travellers to share their experience on the electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM).

The Complex Neural Network Model for Mass Appraisal and Scenario Forecasting of the Urban Real Estate Market Value That Adapts Itself to Space and Time

In the modern scientific literature, there are many reports about the successful application of neural network technologies for solving complex applied problems, in particular, for modeling the urban real estate market. There are neural network models that can perform mass assessment of real estate objects taking into account their construction and operational characteristics. However, these models are static because they do not take into account the changing economic situation over time. Therefore, they quickly become outdated and need frequent updates. In addition, if they are designed for a specific city, they are not suitable for other cities. On the other hand, there are several dynamic models taking into account the overall state of the economy and designed to predict and study the overall price situation in real estate markets. Such dynamic models are not intended for mass real estate appraisals. The aim of this article is to develop a methodology and create a complex model that has the properties of both static and dynamic models. Moreover, our comprehensive model should be suitable for evaluating real estate in many cities at once. This aim is achieved since our model is based on a neural network trained on examples considering both construction and operational characteristics, as well as geographical and environmental characteristics, along with time-changing macroeconomic parameters that describe the economic state of a specific region, country, and the world. A set of examples for training and testing the neural network were formed on the basis of statistical data of real estate markets in a number of Russian cities for the period from 2006 to 2020. Thus, many examples included the data relating to the periods of the economic calm for Russia, along with the periods of crisis, recovery, and growth of the Russian and global economy. Due to this, the model remains relevant with the changes of the international economic situation and it takes into account the specifics of regions. The model proved to be suitable for solving the following tasks: industrial economic analysis, company strategic and operational management, analytical and consulting support of investment, and construction activities of professional market participants. The model can also be used by government agencies authorized to conduct public cadastral assessment for calculating property taxes.

Delay discounting decisions are linked to temporal distance representations of world events across cultures

Delay discounting describes the phenomenon whereby the subjective value of a reward declines as the time until its receipt increases. Individuals differ in the subjective value that they assign to future rewards, yet, the components feeding into this appraisal of value remain unclear. We examined whether temporal psychological distance, i.e. the closeness one feels to the past and future, is one such component. English speakers in the USA and Mandarin speakers in China completed a delay discounting task and organized past and future world events on a canvas according to their representation of the event’s temporal position relative to themselves. Previous work has identified linguistic and cultural differences in time conception between these populations, thus, we hypothesized that this sample would display the variability necessary to probe whether temporal psychological distance plays a role in reward valuation. We found that English speakers employed horizontal, linear representations of world events, while Mandarin speakers used more two-dimensional, circular representations. Across cultures, individuals who represented the future as more distant discounted future rewards more strongly. Distance representations of past events, however, were associated with discounting behaviors selectively in Mandarin speakers. This suggests that temporal psychological distance plays a fundamental role in farsighted decision-making.

Do Research Groups Align on an Intervention's Value? Concordance of Cost-Effectiveness Findings Between the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review and Other Health System Stakeholders.

The Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) employs fixed cost-effectiveness (CE) thresholds that guide their appraisal of an intervention's long-term economic value. Given ICER's rising influence in the healthcare field, we undertook an assessment of the concordance of ICER's CE findings to the published CE findings from other research groups (i.e., "non-ICER" researchers including life science manufacturers, academics, and government institutions). Disease areas and pharmaceutical interventions for comparison were determined based on ICER evaluations conducted from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. A targeted literature search was conducted for non-ICER CE publications using PubMed. Studies had to be conducted from the US setting, include the same disease characteristics (e.g., disease severity; treatment history), incorporate the same pharmaceutical interventions and comparison groups, and present incremental costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained from the healthcare sector or payer perspective. Discordance was measured as the proportion of unique interventions that would have had more favorable valuations (i.e., low, intermediate, high value-for-money) if the CE findings from other research groups had been used for decision making instead of ICER's findings. More favorable valuations were defined as transitioning from low value (as determined by ICER) to intermediate or high value (as determined by other researchers) and from intermediate value (as determined by ICER) to high value (as determined by other researchers). Among the 13 non-ICER studies meeting inclusion criteria, six disease areas and 14 interventions were assessed. Of the 14 interventions, a more favorable valuation would have been recommended for ten therapies if the CE ratios from other research groups had been used for decision making instead of ICER's findings, representing a 71.4% (10/14) discordance rate. Moreover, these discrepancies were found in each of the evaluated disease areas, with the largest number of discordant valuations found in rheumatoid arthritis (five out of six interventions were discordant) followed by one valuation each in multiple sclerosis (one out of three), non-small cell lung cancer (one out of two), multiple myeloma (one out of one), high cholesterol (one out of one), and congestive heart failure (one out of one). Our findings indicate high discordance when comparing ICER's appraisals to the CE findings of non-ICER researchers. To understand the value of new interventions, the totality of evidence on the CE of an intervention-including results from ICER and non-ICER modeling efforts-should be considered when making coverage and reimbursement decisions.

북한지역 지가평가방안에 관한 연구 : 남북경협 사업을 대상으로

북한지역 지가평가방안에 관한 연구 : 남북경협 사업을 대상으로

Change-of-Shift Nursing Handoff Interruptions: Implications for Evidence-Based Practice.

The importance of change-of-shift handoffs in maintaining patient safety has been well demonstrated. Change-of-shift handoff is an important source of data used in surveillance, a nursing intervention aimed at identifying and preventing complications. Surveillance requires the nurse to acquire, process, and synthesize information (cues) encountered during patient care. Interruptions in handoff have been observed but there is a gap in the evidence concerning how interruptions during nurse-to-nurse handoff impact the change-of-shift handoff process. To describe registered nurses' perceptions of interruptions experienced during change-of-shift handoff at the bedside in critical care units and analyze the number, type, and source of interruptions during change-of-shift handoff at the bedside. An exploratory descriptive design was used. One hundred nurse-to-nurse handoffs were observed, and four focus groups were conducted. Observation data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and quantitative content analysis. Focus group data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Of the 1,196 interruptions observed, 800 occurred in the communication between the two nurses involved in the handoff. Over 80% (645) of these interruptions were from the nurse receiving handoff and included questions or clarification of information received. About half of the nurses reported that interruptions occurred during handoff. Focus group findings revealed that whether or not something is an interruption is determined by the individual nurse's appraisal of value added to their knowledge of the patient and/or plan of care at the time of handoff. Interruptions during handoff are evaluated as useful or disruptive based on the value to the nurse at the time. Strict structuring or mandating of handoff elements may limit nurses' ability to communicate information deemed most relevant to the care of a specific unique patient.

A Methodology for Determining the Profitability Index of Real Estate Initiatives Involving Public–Private Partnerships. A Case Study: The Integrated Intervention Programs in Rome

In the European Union, real estate initiatives involving public–private partnerships (PPPs) are characterized by the payment of a charge, which is generally used for public purposes (and works). In Italy, since the 1990s, PPPs have also been used to start negotiated initiatives giving the possibility of modifying town planning forecasts. Such initiatives are aimed at increasing the value of private properties and, through the charge, financing public works. This charge was regulated only in 2014 with the change of Article 16, paragraph 4, point d-ter of the Presidential Decree 380/2001 (Consolidated building law) and was named the “extraordinary urbanization contribution” (or simply the “extraordinary contribution”). The extraordinary contribution makes it possible to finance public works with private monetary resources. The amount of the extraordinary contribution is not less than 50% of the capital gain that is produced by real estate initiatives concerning modifications to town planning forecasts. A crucial issue of the this kind of PPPs has always been the appraisal of the capital gain of real estate initiatives due to changes in town planning forecasts. The factors to be considered while evaluating the extraordinary contribution, the appraisal tools and procedures to be used in assessing the capital gain are not indicated at regulatory level. However, an over 20 years’ practice has been consolidating the use of an analytical procedure for the appraisal of the transformation value to be used in evaluating the extraordinary contribution. In this procedure, the evaluation of the profitability index of real estate initiatives appears critical: in fact, the capital gain depends upon this element. At the same time, this topic is substantially neglected by the scientific debate. In this paper, a methodology has been defined, which is structured on the Build-Up Method and allows the profitability index (or rate of return) of a real estate initiative to be evaluated. Through a test, the developed methodology has been used in a case study: the appraisal of the extraordinary contribution in three integrated intervention programs in the city of Rome.

Appraisal of value of information in executing socio-economic activities in Nigeria

The paper examined and appraised the actual meanings of the concepts of value, information and information value in different ways. As value is the worth, price or cost of something, information is accepted as that which increases the state of knowledge. The two concepts are integrated to mean importance attached to something according to perceived worth and which makes it desirable. The attributes, qualities, and categories of information are surveyed to add value to information value. The documentary study of information as commodity and analysis of information and the economic price system are duly discussed. Librarians’ roles in marketing the value of information are critically discussed to bring out the true nature of information as a material with intrinsic value which can be disseminated, absorbed and used. After highlighting the importance and sources of information resources the paper recognizes information as an indispensable socio-economic need of life which must be harnessed with the information and communication technology to build a well informed society.Keywords: information, information value, information worth, information cost, information commodity