Appointed Officers Research Articles

USE OF FIREARMS AS A SPECIAL FORM OF ENFORCING COMPLIANCE WITH STATE LAW IN PEACE TIME

In Poland, more than twenty entities of the state’s internal security system are entitled to use fi rearms in the event of a necessity, to effectively oppose specifi c threats. Intervention with the use of direct coercive measures signifi cantly limits human rights and freedoms, hence itthis intervention must be done legally and carried out carefully. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to present the conditions for the use of fi rearms in peace time by legally appointed offi cers, as well as to assess the adequacy of legislative regulations regarding the situational and environmental dependence of the usage of fi rearms.

We would rather be leaders than parliamentarians: women and political office in Ghana

Ghana, an emerging democracy, lags far behind in women’s representation in Parliament. This article, based on interviews with delegates, aspirants, candidates, Members of Parliament and potential female presidential candidates, suggests that women are dissuaded from standing for Parliament by the exorbitant ‘cost of politics’, humiliating ‘politics of insult’ and keen appreciation of Parliament’s limitations. Still, women may be eager to hold appointive office. Until new democracies are established with electoral systems devoid of costly and insulting electoral politics, and with elected offices in which women may accomplish important goals, women will not exhibit the political ambition to participate in those spaces.

Council & Appointed Officers

Council & Appointed Officers

The development of healthy tennis clubs in the Netherlands

ObjectivesTo explore the factors that facilitate or hinder the development of healthy tennis clubs in the Netherlands and to identify suitable interventions that would help clubs to reach ‘healthy club’...

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2009

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2009

Bargaining, Transaction Costs, and Coalition Governance

Representative democracies face two fundamental challenges, delegation and coalescence. Delegation is necessary because most citizens have neither the capacity nor the time to make many important political decisions on their own. To facilitate large-scale governance, delegation must occur. Citizens must find and select representatives whom they can trust to make public policy in accordance with particular principles. Elected representatives, in turn, must delegate to leaders of political parties or bureaucratic agencies to further the pursuit of policy goals. Heads of executive agencies have to delegate to their subordinates. While delegation makes large-scale representative democracy possible, it is not without risk. Problems of delegation need to be overcome. For with the power of the elective or appointive office also comes opportunities to act against the public interest.

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2008

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2008

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2007

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2007

American government leaders: major elected and appointed officials, federal, state and local, 1776-2005

This book provides a single source of biographical information for the thousands of individuals who have held high elective and appointive offices in the United States federal, state, and municipal governments since independence in 1776. The first half of the book lists positions in the government with a chronological record of the individuals who have held the positions and the duration of their terms of office. The section opens with the executive branch, starting with the president. This is followed by a listing of first ladies and families of the president, vice presidents and the cabinet, deputy and undersecretaries of cabinet departments, directors and administrators of high government agencies, individuals serving in high-ranking military positions, members of the diplomatic corps who have served as ambassador to nations throughout the world and high-ranking presidential staff and White House aides. The next section consists of the judiciary, beginning with the chief justice of the United States and members of the Supreme Court, the U.S. Court of Appeals, and U.S. District Courts. The legislative branch follows with a listing of congressional leadership, including presidents of the Continental Congresses, speakers of the House of Representatives, president pro tempores of the Senate, and majority and minority leadership in both houses of Congress, members of Congress, territorial delegates, resident commissioners, governors and lieutenant governors. The final section is a listing of mayors of 200 major cities. The second half of the book is a biographical index of individuals found in the earlier sections listed in alphabetical order. The entries contain dates of birth and death, when known, political party or affiliation, state or states of significance to the officeholder, and listing of offices held.

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2006

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2006

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2005

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2005

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2004

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2004

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2003

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2003

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2002

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2002

Political Appointees in the United States: Does Gender Make a Difference?

Information about women who hold appointive office is a neglected area.–Eileen Shanahan, former Assistant Secretary, HEWEileen Shanahan, former Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs at HEW, quoted in Carroll and Geiger-Parker, 1983.With every new presidential administration in the United States, the incoming president is in charge of appointing thousands of individuals to work throughout the executive branch of government and assist him in fulfilling his constitutional responsibility to “faithfully execute the laws of the Nation” (Pfiffner 1996). When the Center of American Women and Politics (CAWP) first began studying female political appointees in the early 1980s, very few women had ever served in Cabinet positions or other high-ranking executive positions within the federal government. In fact, in 1977, almost two hundred years after the founding of the United States, President Carter appointed only the fourth and fifth women ever to serve as Cabinet Secretaries (CAWP 1998). As Carroll and Geiger-Parker note in the introduction to the very first study of female political appointees, “for the first time in history, women had been appointed in large enough numbers to survey and to compare with other appointees” (1983a, ix).

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2000-2001

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 2000-2001

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 1999-2000

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 1999-2000

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 1998-1999

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 1998-1999

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 1997-1998

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 1997-1998

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 1996-1997

The American Phytopathological Society Elected and Appointed Officers, Representatives, and Committees for 1996-1997