Application Of Ultrasound Technology Research Articles

Ultrasound-assisted intensification of Pickering interfacial biocatalysis preparation of vitamin A aliphatic esters

A novel approach to ultrasound-assisted Pickering interfacial biocatalysis (PIB) has been proposed and implemented for the efficient enzymatic transesterification production of vitamin A fatty acid esters. This is the first instance of exploiting the synergistic effect of ultrasound and the bifunctional modification of enzyme supports to accelerate biocatalytic performance in PIB systems. The optimal conditions were determined to be ultrasound power of 70 W, on/off time of 5 s/5 s, substrate molar ratio of 1:1, enzyme addition of 2 %, and a volume ratio of n-hexane to PBS of 3:1, a temperature of 40 °C, and a time of 30 min. The application of ultrasound technology not only improved lipase activity but also allowed for a reduction in emulsion droplet size to enhance interfacial mass transfer.Bifunctional modification of silica-based supports enhanced stability of immobilized enzymes by increasing hydrogen bonding while maintaining the active interface microenvironment. Compared with a non-ultrasound-assisted PIB system stabilized by mono-modified immobilized enzyme particles, the catalytic efficacy (CE) of the novel system reached 8.18 mmol g−1 min−1, which was enhanced by 3.33-fold, while the interfacial area was found to have increased by 17.5-fold. The results facilitated the conversion of vitamin A palmitate (VAP), vitamin A oleate (VAO), vitamin A linoleate (VAL), and vitamin A linolenate (VALn), with conversion rates of approximately 98.2 %, 97.4 %, 96.1 %, and 94.7 %, respectively. This represents the most efficient example that has been reported to our knowledge. Furthermore, the system demonstrated improved reusability, with a conversion rate of 62.1 % maintained even after 10 cycles. The findings presented in this paper provide valuable insights into an efficient and conveniently promising protocol for the development of PIB systems.

Application of ultrasound technology in the washing process of surimi: improvement of meat yield and gel quality

Application of ultrasound technology in the washing process of surimi: improvement of meat yield and gel quality

Application of ultrasound technology in the intensification of biodiesel production from bitter almond oil (BAO) in the presence of biocompatible heterogeneous catalyst synthesized from camel bone

ABSTRACT Although biofuels have many benefits, but their production costs are high. This challenge has caused researches to use waste materials and apply technologies to lower the cost of producing these fuels. In this study, a biocompatible heterogeneous catalyst created from calcining camel bones is employed to make biodiesel fuel from non-edible bitter almond oil (BAO). Additionally, using ultrasound technology was one way to increase the effectiveness of the biodiesel synthesis process. Additionally, the effects of the independent variables alcohol to oil molar ratio (6:1, 11:1, and 16:1), reaction time (10, 20, and 30 minutes), ultrasonic power (30, 65, and 100%), catalyst loading (4, 8, and 12 oil wt%), and reaction time (10, 20, and 30 minutes) on the production of methyl ester from BAO were examined. Camel bones were calcined at 400, 700, and 1000°C for 2, 3, and 4 hours. Optimum temperature and time conditions for camel bones calcination with maximum methyl ester production of 88% were obtained at 1000°C and 3 hours after measuring the morphology structure of camel bones catalyst using XRD and TGA methods. The maximum biodiesel conversion rate of 92.3% was obtained using the calcined catalyst with a molar ratio of 11:1, a catalyst loading of 8%, an ultrasonic power of 100%, and a reaction time of 20 minutes. Using the response surface methodology, tests and optimization were performed by Design-Expert software. Biodiesel yield and energy consumption were 88.13% and 248.18 kJ in the optimal conditions suggested by the software with the conditions of maximum production and minimum energy consumption with appropriate weighting. According to the results, waste camel bone can be used as a cost-effective biocompatible source with favorable catalytic activity for biodiesel fuel production.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Natural Pigments From Food Processing By-Products: A Review.

Ultrasound is an emerging technology, which has been highly explored in the food area to improve processes and products. When ultrasound is applied to a product with solid or fluid characteristics, the passage of acoustic waves and acoustic cavitation generates different mechanisms responsible for modifications in the original matrix of the sample. These effects of ultrasound can also be used to take advantage of by-products, for example by extracting compounds of interest, including natural pigments. Natural pigments or colorants are being highly demanded by different industries not only for color purposes but also due to their healthy properties, the greater demands in regulations and new consumer preferences. This review presents an updated critical analysis of the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to obtain natural pigments from food processing by-products. Initially, the ultrasound effects and mechanisms that improve the extraction of natural pigments in a fluid medium, as well as the factors that influence the extraction and the energy consumption of UAE are analyzed and described. Subsequently, the UAE application to obtain pigments belonging to the groups of carotenoids, chlorophyll, anthocyanins and betalains is evaluated. These sections detail the processing conditions, positive and negative effects, as well as possible applications of the extracted pigments. This review presents relevant information that may be useful to expand and explore new applications of ultrasound technology as well as promote the revaluation of by-products to obtain pigments that can be used in food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries.

Key Technologies of New Type of Intravascular Ultrasound Image Processing.

Since entering the 21st century, the application of ultrasound technology has developed rapidly. Intravascular ultrasound technology has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. With the help of computer image processing technology, it can provide clinicians with more accurate diagnosis. Based on the information to improve the success rate of clinical treatment. Based on this, this article combines the development history of intravascular ultrasound technology, explores the principles of new intravascular ultrasound technology, and analyzes the application of new intravascular ultrasound technology. On this basis, the preprocessing of intravascular ultrasound image data is discussed, involving the acquisition of intravascular ultrasound image data and image analysis. On this basis, explore the combined application of new intravascular ultrasound technology and other imaging examination methods, such as X-rays to use three-dimensional image technology to reconstruct new intravascular ultrasound image sequences, and provide doctors with clearer morphology and properties of tube wall lesions. In order to make a more accurate diagnosis of the lesion, a more detailed and accurate treatment plan can be given, which has extremely high clinical application value.

Ultrasound processing of fruits and vegetables, structural modification and impact on nutrient and bioactive compounds: a review

SummaryThis review presents an updated analysis regarding the application of ultrasound technology in fruits, vegetables and their derivatives. The relationship among structure, processing, the quantity and quality of nutrients and bioactive compounds are discussed. Initially, we discussed the effect of ultrasound processing on the structure of the matrices at tissues, cells and molecules levels, also considering the different factors that influence the reported responses. Subsequently, the effect on nutrients and bioactive compound quantity (concentration) and quality (bioaccessibility → bioavailability → bioactivity) is evaluated. Ultrasound processing resulting in tissues and cell disruption, fibre breakage, isomerisation, micellisation, among other modifications, improving the extractability of compounds and/or resulting in their degradation. Moreover, the obtained new matrix interacts differently with the human body, affecting the compound accessibility, which can be increased. In conclusion, different possibilities are discussed regarding using ultrasound processing to enhance healthy aspects of plant‐based food products.

Application of ultrasound technology in the field of solid-state fermentation: increasing peptide yield through ultrasound-treated bacterial strain.

The increase of peptide yield contributed to reducing the usage of antibiotics in solid-state fermented feed. Ultrasound technology is used in the field of liquid-state fermentation to improve yield of fermented products but has not been utilized in the field of solid-state fermentation (SSF). The main objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of improving peptide yield in SSF products through ultrasound-treated bacterial strain. The highest peptides content in soybean meal SSF products reached 153.28 mg g-1 , which increased by 15.05% compared with the control. This content value was acquired through treating the bacteria of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by ultrasound before inoculating into soybean meal under the optimized mode and parameters (simultaneous dual-frequency ultrasound mode, frequency combination of 40/60 kHz, total power density of 40 W L-1 , time of 20 min, pulse-on and pulse-off times of 40 and 60 s, delayed inoculation time of 0 h). Fermenting with ultrasound-treated bacterial strain can effectively increase peptide yield, biomass and protease activity of soybean meal fermented products during the SSF prophase. After treating by ultrasound, the latent phase and logarithmic phase of the bacterial strain shortened by 1 and 3 h while the generation time reduced by 23.64%. In qualitative test of protease activity, diameter ratio (DR) value of ultrasound-treated bacterial cells enlarged by 12.0% compared with the control. Peptide yield of soybean meal SSF products can be improved through ultrasound-treated bacterial inoculum, which attributed to the promoting effect of ultrasound treatment on growth activity and protease production capability of bacterial cells. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Sono-hydro priming process (ultrasound modulated hydration): Modelling hydration kinetic during paddy germination

Application of ultrasound technology in modulating the hydration process during paddy germination was analyzed in this study. The effect of hydropriming (24 h) and sono-hydro priming (ultrasound priming, 12 h) on the hydration behaviour of paddies was determined at different temperatures (25–40 °C). Ultrasound pulse was applied for 10 min after every one hour for sono-hydro priming. Germination potential and microstructure analysis of treated paddies were also performed. Downward concave curve observed in hydration process of paddies indicates initial high-water absorptionthrough diffusion process. Sono-hydro priming process showed higher hydration rate compared to hydropriming. The changes in moisture content during hydration processes fitted to theoretical (Fick's model) and empirical model (Peleg model) exhibited high regression coefficient (R2 > 0.95) indicating suitability for predicting hydration behaviour in both paddies for germination. The Peleg model adequately predicted saturation moisture content and sono-hydro priming efficiently increased the water absorption rate. Effective moisture diffusivity determined from Fick's diffusion model increased for sono-hydro priming. Activation energy estimated from effective moisture diffusivity required in sono-hydro priming (Ea = 20.32 and 19.19 KJ/mol respectively) for pigmented rice and non-pigmented rice was lower than hydropriming (Ea = 27.11 and 32.15 KJ/mol respectively). Both hydration processes were endothermic and non-spontaneous inferred from thermodynamic properties. Sono-hydro priming exhibited < 95% germination potential with shorter soaking time (12 h) owing to the high mass transfer rate. SEM micrograph revealed water absorption through various micro-cavities during sono-hydro priming. Thus, sono-hydro priming potentially reduced the soaking process (approximately 50%) with higher germination rate in paddies beneficial for commercial malting of grains.

Application of ultrasound technology in processing of ready-to-eat fresh food: A review.

With the increase in food standardization and the pace of modern life, the demand for ready-to-eat foods is growing. The strong processing conditions of traditional technology often accelerate the rate of deterioration of quality, and microbes are the safety hazard of ready-to-eat foods. Ultrasound technology is an environmentally friendly technology that hardly causes thermal damage to raw materials. In this paper, the ultrasound technology is used in the disinfection, sterilization, enzyme inactivation, desensitization, dehydration, curing, tenderization and cooking process of fresh food from the perspective of microbial safety and quality of fresh food. The cavitation effect of ultrasound can improve the mass transfer rate of infiltration processes such as dehydration and curing, promote the oxidation of lipids and proteins for enrich the flavor of meat products, improve the microbiological safety and reduce the sensitization by destroying the integrity of the microbial cells and the conformation of the protein. In addition, ultrasound as an auxiliary processing technology can reduce the damage of traditional production technology to reserve the quality and nutritional value of food. Ultrasound has proved to be an efficient and green processing technology for ready-to-eat food.

Application of ultrasound technology in the drying of food products.

This study presents a state-of-the-art overview on the application of ultrasound technology in the drying of food products, including the ultrasound pre-treatment and ultrasound assisted drying. The effect of main parameters and ultrasound technology on the drying kinetics and food quality were discussed. Inconsistencies were pointed out and analyzed in detail. Results showed that for ultrasound pre-treatment, the food products may lose or gain water and increase of ultrasonic parameters (sonication time, amplitude and ultrasound power) promoted the water loss or water gain. When ultrasound technology was applied prior to drying, an increase in drying kinetics was always observed, though some different results were also presented. For ultrasound assisted drying, the ultrasound power always gave a positive effect on the drying process, however, the magnitude of ultrasound improvement was largely dependent on the process variables, such as air velocity, air temperature, microwave power and vacuum pressure, etc. The application of ultrasound technology will somehow affect the food quality, including the physical and chemical ones. Generally, the ultrasound application can decrease the water activity, improve the product color and reduce the nutrient loss.

Strengthen application research of ultrasound technology in perioperative and pain medicine

The development of portable ultrasound equipment and point-of-care ultrasonography has promoted the application of ultrasound technology in the field of anesthesia and pain medicine. ultrasound is primarily used to evaluate blood volume and volume responsiveness, airway, lung and stomach volume, as imaging guidance tools for regional anesthesia and chronic pain management in perioperative and pain clinics. Transesophageal echocardiography is mainly used to obtain the information of cardiac anatomy, pathology and cardiac function. It is especially advantageous for the unsatisfactory image obtained by transthoracic ultrasound, left auricular thrombosis, infective endocarditis, aortic dissection, intraoperative monitoring, etc. The application of ultrasound technology improves the accuracy and safety of perioperative and pain medical diagnosis and treatment, and improves the quality of perioperative and pain medical treatment. Key words: Ultrasonography; Perioperative period; Anesthesia; Pain

Application and develepment of ultrasonography in perioperation

In the past recent 10 years, the application of ultrasound technology in anesthesia and perioperative period has been continuously promoted by the wave of visualization, and has gradually entered the ultrasound era at home and abroad. This article reviews the application of ultrasonic technology in the field of preoperative evaluation, artificial airway establishment, spinal anesthesia, nerve block, vascular catheterization, perioperative monitoring, and diagnosis, and provides some references for its utilization in clinical anesthesia. Key words: Ultrasound; Clinical anesthesia; Perioperative application

Development of A Method of Quantitative Determination of Rhizome and Roots of Rubia cordifolium

This paper discusses the current aspects of improving the standardization method of medicinal plant raw materials of Rubia cordifolia L. New approaches for quantitative analysis of rhizome with roots of Rubia cordifolia were introduced, which consist in using of the method of Spectrophotometry at an analytical wavelength of 520 nm and the use of ultrasound for the maximum output of anthracen derivatives from raw materials. At present, the basis of the technology for extracting of medicinal substances from animal and plant tissues is most often the inefficient and lengthy process of extraction. Low-frequency ultrasound significantly reduces the extraction time. During the passage of ultrasound through a molecule, its light part will oscillate in resonance with the frequency of the wave, and the heavy part will lag behind. As a result, there will be zones of tension, considerable friction forces, superior to the forces of chemical bonding, a rupture of the whole substance molecule will occur. This topic is relevant today, as the development and application of ultrasound technology now opens up new perspectives. Using the improved technique, we found that the content of the total anthracen derivatives in samples of medicinal plant raw materials of Rubia tinctorum varies from 0, 56% to 1, 37% (calculated on ruberythric acid).The results indicate the maximum yield of anthracen derivatives from medicinal plant raw materials of Rubia cordifolia and the feasibility of further research in the development of new drugs.

Preliminary study of the effects of ultrasound on red wine polyphenols

ABSTRACTThe article evaluates the effect of high-power ultrasound (20 kHz) on the phenolic structure of red wines, to study the possible applications of this innovative technique in wine aging. Different treatment conditions, with times of 1, 3 and 5 minutes and amplitudes of 51, 102 and 153 µm, were applied. In the experimental conditions the main parameters related to the evolution of red wine phenolic compounds show interesting variations; in particular, we found significant differences on tannins evaluated with some indices of tannins reactivity. On the other hand, free anthocyanins do not undergo changes due to ultrasound application. The preliminary results, which definitely need a depth, nonetheless allow us to hypothesize the application of ultrasound technology to accelerate the aging of red wines, which normally requires (needs) long times in the cellar conditions.

The application of ultrasound technology in the field of the precious metal

In recent years, ultrasonic technology has been applied and developed in the field of precious metal. The paper reviews the progress of ultrasonic technology applied in minerals processing, materials preparation, precious metal plating, secondary materials recycling and analytical chemistry. Ultrasonic technology in the field of precious metals is superior to traditional techniques. It has a very important significance for energy conservation and environmental protection. With the development of research in the basic theory of ultrasound and ultrasound equipment, ultrasonic technology will be more effective and be widely used in the field of precious metals.

Ultrasonic imaging of gunshot wounds in pig limb.

We investigated wound tract extension of traumatic gunshot wounds in limb soft tissues as well as wound tract sonographic features and change-patterns when the limb position was changed. The experimental animals included 8 healthy crossbred pigs in the Chengdu plain region. Chinese Type 53 Carbine was used to establish the gunshot wound model of porcine soft tissues. Gunshot-injured zones in the soft tissues were dynamically observed at different time points using ultrasonic technology. Pathological examinations were performed for the corresponding regions for comparison and analysis. The internal echo of the wound tract was a pipe-like echo that changed over time. The wound tract extension changed with postural changes. The gas echo extended along the inside of the wound track, surrounding the fascia to further tissues. Ultrasonic imaging of gunshot wounds in pig soft tissues shows specific characteristics. The application of ultrasound technology may provide important imaging protection for gunshot wound debridement and postoperative unobstructed drainage, helping to improve the judgment and treatment of limb gunshot injuries.