Application Of Remote Sensing Techniques Research Articles

Advancement of Remote Sensing for Soil Measurements and Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Remote sensing (RS) techniques offer advantages over other methods for measuring soil properties, including large-scale coverage, a non-destructive nature, temporal monitoring, multispectral capabilities, and rapid data acquisition. This review highlights the different detection methods, types, parts, and applications of RS techniques in soil measurements, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the measurements of soil properties. The choice of the methods depends on the specific requirements of the soil measurements task because it is important to consider the advantages and limitations of each method, as well as the specific context and objective of the soil measurements, to determine the most suitable RS technique. This paper follows a well-structured arrangement after investigating the existing literature to ensure a well-organized, coherent review and covers all the essential aspects related to studying the advancement of using RS in the measurements of soil properties. While several remote sensing methods are available, this review suggests spectral reflectance, which entails satellite remote sensing and other tools based on its global coverage, high spatial resolution, long-term monitoring capabilities, non-invasiveness, and cost effectiveness. Conclusively, RS has improved soil property measurements using various methods, but more research is needed for calibration, sensor fusion, artificial intelligence, validation, and machine learning applications to enhance accuracy and applicability.

Physiographic study of Shatt Al-Arab Delta South of Iraq by Application of Remote Sensing Technique

The Shatt Al-Arab River is formed by the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers near Qurna 75 km, Basrah Governorate, approximately 75 km north of the city of Basrah, southern of Iraq. Satellite images of Landsat 7 ETM+ for years 2000, 2002 and 2006 were processed with ERDAS Imagine 8.4 and ArcGIS 9.3. They were used to interpret the geomorphology of Shatt Al-Arab delta. Shuttle Topographic Radar Mission. Geomorphologic structures, suspended load distribution and lateral movement of the main channel are interpreted and three lobes are distinguished at the formative delta front, confirming lateral channel movement as the prime factor in the delta’s formation. A westward deviation in the main channel of the Shatt Al-Arab River could divert into Abdullah Creek within a few years.

Advancing Floating Macroplastic Detection from Space Using Experimental Hyperspectral Imagery

Airborne and spaceborne remote sensing (RS) collecting hyperspectral imagery provides unprecedented opportunities for the detection and monitoring of floating riverine and marine plastic debris. However, a major challenge in the application of RS techniques is the lack of a fundamental understanding of spectral signatures of water-borne plastic debris. Recent work has emphasised the case for open-access hyperspectral reflectance reference libraries of commonly used polymer items. In this paper, we present and analyse a high-resolution hyperspectral image database of a unique mix of 40 virgin macroplastic items and vegetation. Our double camera setup covered the visible to shortwave infrared (VIS-SWIR) range from 400 to 1700 nm in a darkroom experiment with controlled illumination. The cameras scanned the samples floating in water and captured high-resolution images in 336 spectral bands. Using the resulting reflectance spectra of 1.89 million pixels in linear discriminant analyses (LDA), we determined the importance of each spectral band for discriminating between water and mixed floating debris, and vegetation and plastics. The absorption peaks of plastics (1215 nm, 1410 nm) and vegetation (710 nm, 1450 nm) are associated with high LDA weights. We then compared Sentinel-2 and Worldview-3 satellite bands with these outcomes and identified 12 satellite bands to overlap with important wavelengths for discrimination between the classes. Lastly, the Normalised Vegetation Difference Index (NDVI) and Floating Debris Index (FDI) were calculated to determine why they work, and how they could potentially be improved. These findings could be used to enhance existing efforts in monitoring macroplastic pollution, as well as form a baseline for the design of future multispectral RS systems.

Application of Remote Sensing Technique to Examine the Oil Pollution of the Shatt Al-Arab Water

ABSTRACT In this study the water is a natural resource that cannot be dispensed with in all areas of life. Water pollution has a direct impact on community life, as water is a necessary requirement for humans and other living organisms. Water in its natural sources is exposed to many types of pollution, including what is natural, which shows a change in the temperature of the water or an increase in its salinity, and some of which are chemical, such as pollution with sewage water, oil leakage and others. Oil and its derivatives are the most widespread and influential sources of water pollution. Oil pollutants are considered the most dangerous pollutants of coasts, seas and oceans, through what oil tankers cause in the leakage of about two million tons annually of crude oil into the seas and oceans. Oil pollution of the water has spread in recent years, especially in the Shatt al-Arab in Basra Governorate, which has dire effects on the human environment and health, as the incidents of oil spills into lead to a great shortage in the Quantity and quality of marine food sources, on top the fish wealth. The arrival of oil spills to the beaches harms tourism by distorting the environment, so measures and treatments have to be taken, standards set, and legislation enacted to reduce this type of pollution because of the seriousness of its effects on various forms of life on earth.Oil leakage is a complex problem.

Studying Submarine Geomorphology in an INFOMAR Priority Bay through the application of Remote Sensing Techniques

Bathymetric mapping in the coastal shallow water zone is a challenging and costly process using traditional survey methods. Because of this, much of this region worldwide remains uncharted and, therefore, is poorly understood. Multispectral satellite imagery has proven to be a practical alternative tool in predicting water depth in coastal zones, though influences on its performance and accuracy are not fully understood and vary according to local environmental conditions. This study explored the suitability of a satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) methodology in Irish Atlantic coastal waters. Using imagery captured at a range of spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions by the RapidEye and Landsat 8 satellites, we explored the correlation between performance, accuracy and image resolution, demonstrating that sensor wavelength is the key limiting factor in optical penetration of water and also accurate delineation of the gradient on the seafloor. We further applied this data in a study of submarine geomorphology in an INFOMAR priority bay. Although the SDB accuracy is insufficient for high accuracy bathymetry products, nevertheless, they are considered beneficial in a variety of other applications in sensitive disciplines such as environmental monitoring, seabed mapping, or coastal zone management.

Application of remote-sensing techniques in geological and structural mapping of Atalla Shear Zone and Environs, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt

The Atalla Shear Zone (ASZ) is one of the crucial megashears which are geometrically and kinematically akin to the Najd-Shear Corridor in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt. The Landsat-8 and ASTER-based mapping techniques integrated with extensive petrographic and structural-field investigations enhanced the geological and structural maps of the study area. The Neoproterozoic basement complex in the study area discriminated into ditinctive rock suites: Meatiq Group, ophiolitic melange, arc assemblage, syn- to late-tectonic granitoids, Dokhan Volcanics, Hammamat Sediments, post-Hammamat Felsites and post-tectonic granitoids. The true color composites (TCC) (4 3 2 for Landsat-8; 3 2 1 for ASTER), false color composites (FCC) (1 6 4, 1 6 7 and 7 5 1 for Landsat-8; 5 4 3 and 9 6 4 for ASTER), principal component analysis (PCA) (1 2 3, 3 2 1 and 6 4 2 for Landsat-8; 1 2 3 and 5 4 2 for ASTER), minimum noise fraction (MNF) (1 2 3 and 3 5 1 for Landsat-8; 1 2 4 and 3 2 1 for ASTER) and band ratios (BR) (6/2, 6/7, 6/5*4/3 and 7/6, 7/5, 5/3 for Landsat-8; 2/6, 7/5, 7/6 and 4/7, 3/4, 2/1 for ASTER besides the new created ratio 2/6, 7/5, 7/6) are the best combinations that demonstrate efficiency in discrimination of lithologic contacts and structural elements, using the spectral signature of different rock units. Moreover, the BR b7/b5, b5/b7 and b6/b4 of grey scale for Landsat-8 are used as a tool for mineral detection along with the spectral indices created to detect muscovite (b7/b6), ferrous silicates b5/b4 (biotite, chlorite and amphiboles) and ferrous iron b5/b3 (mafic minerals). The automatic lineament extraction utilizing the SRTM data advocated the role of NE- to NNE-trending lineaments in the tectonic framework of the study area. The structural fabric of the study area is evaluated in three main structural domains: Meatiq (MD), Atalla Shear Zone (ASZD) and Wadi Hammamat (WHD). The pronounced structural implication is the transposition of NE-oriented fabric in MD into NW-oriented penetrative shear-related fabric, fully in the ASZD and partly in WHD. The combination of transcurrent shearing with ENE-directed shortening along the ASZ that was resulted in noteworthy transpressive structures resemble in many respects those observed in the Ajjaj Shear Belt in Western Arabia. Among these structures are shear zone-related folds, imbricated thrust sheets, antiformal stacks and thrust duplexes. The deformation history of the investigated area proposed four phases of deformation (D1–D4). It depicts a long lasted deformational event covering the main accretion-collision phases concurrent with the E-W assembly of Gondwana, and the subsequent post-collision Najd-related transpressional phase which resulted in several major left-lateral transcurrent shear zones along with the exhumation of gneissic core complexes in the Arabian-Nubian Shield.

A comparative evaluation of arid inflow-dependent vegetation maps derived from LANDSAT top-of-atmosphere and surface reflectances

ABSTRACTIn remote sensing, it is commonly accepted that land remote-sensing satellite (LANDSAT) top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance is less accurate than atmospheric correction (AC) reflectance, as the former is not calibrated for possible modifications in the electromagnetic radiation signals due to atmospheric scattering and absorption. This article investigates whether LANDSAT data calibrated for TOA reflectance are an appropriate information source for delineating inflow-dependent vegetation (IDV) in regions with an arid and desert climate, such as the Pilbara region in Western Australia. Knowledge of where IDVs are in the landscape underpins planning their protection and define the baseline for their monitoring when water resource management options are considered. The appropriateness of TOA calibration for the delineation of IDV in the Pilbara was assessed through its comparison with IDV maps derived from AC reflectance. Both radiometric calibration methods (TOA and AC) were applied to a multi-date LANDSAT 5 TM (Thematic Mapper) dataset of 10 images acquired in 2009 and 2010. Two methods based on the application of remote-sensing techniques to identify the extent of temporally invariant vegetation were applied for IDV delineation in the study area. The first method, groundwater-dependent ecosystems mapping (GEM), employs a two-date normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset for identifying ‘no-change’ clusters of land cover and detecting those related to IDV. The second method applies principal component analysis (PCA) to a multi-date NDVI dataset. The first principal component (PC1) typically contains features that remain unchanged over time. This includes vegetation with continuous or frequent access to surface and/or groundwater, such as IDV. To delineate the extent of IDV, a thresholding technique was further employed. Spatial similarity between IDV maps produced from TOA and AC reflectance was quantitatively evaluated by the Kappa coefficient. The results showed that TOA and AC IDV maps are in ‘almost perfect’ agreement with the Kappa values above 0.83. This suggests that TOA reflectance is equally appropriate to AC reflectance for mapping in arid and desert climate such as in Pilbara. When the GEM- and PCA-based methods are applied in other study areas with arid or desert climate, the accuracy of the delineated IDV extent may vary. Therefore, the results need to be validated using ground-truth information about known IDV occurrences in the area of interest.

Application of Remote Sensing Techniques and Geographic Information Systems to Analyze Land Surface Temperature in Response to Land Use/Land Cover Change in Greater Cairo Region, Egypt

The Greater Cairo Region (GCR), Egypt has experienced rapid urban expansion and broad development over the past several decades. Due to such development, this region faces many environmental consequences. In order to mitigate such consequences, it is essential to examine the historical change to measure the urban sprawl of GCR, and its effect on land surface temperature (LST). The objective of this study is to fulfill this goal. It does so by generating land use/land cover (LULC) maps derived from Landsat 5 TM for 1990 and 2003 and Landsat 8 OLI for 2016, using several classification techniques. A spectral radiance model and a web-based atmospheric correction model were used to successfully evaluate LST from thermal bands of Landsat data. Overall accuracy of Landsat derived land use data were 90.3%, 96.5% and 94.9% for years 1990, 2003 and 2016, respectively. The LULC change analysis revealed vegetation loss to urban land by an amount of 7.73% and from barren lands to urban uses by 8.70% within a 26-year timespan (1990-2016). This rapid urban growth significantly decreases vegetation areas, consequently increasing the LST and modifying the urban microclimate. Results from this study can help policy-makers characterize the evolution of urban construction for future developments.

Application of Remote Sensing Technique and Geographic Information Science for Flood Risk Mapping-A Case Study of the Offinso District, Kumasi-Ghana

Flood disasters have become a menace affecting the socio-economic, environmental, health and safety of the people living within the offinso district of Ghana-Kumasi. Monitoring and mapping out flood prone areas, assessing the extent of coverage is thus not in existence and this has been a problem for the government and the entire emergency agencies. However, this literature uses remote sensing and GIS as an emerging tool within the African Region to address and improve the efficiency of flood monitoring, and mapping with reference to offinso District. A Landsat ETM+ Remote Sensing Data of 2015 acquired through the GLOVIS website at the time of flooding to make a flood risk map with the help of GIS analysis tools and a generated DEM which shows the topography and elevation of the district.

English

English

Mapping the Under Water Habitat Related to their Bathymetry using Worldview-2 (wv-2) Coastal, Yellow, Rededge, Nir-2 Satellite Imagery in Gulf of Mannar to Conserve the Marine Resource

Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve is the first of its kind in India and also in South East Asia. It extends from Rameswaram to Tuticorin in the South. The Gulf of Mannar encompasses 21 small islands located from 0.5 to 4.0 km 2 in area and except a few others are uninhabited. The area is endowed with a combination of ecosystem including mangroves, seagrass, seaweeds and coral reef. The Gulf of Mannar with 3600 species of plants and animals is one of the biologically rich coastal regions in India. Proper planning and effective management of ecosystem can be achieved by collecting data on these ecosystems by the application of Remote Sensing techniques. The combined use of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System provides a powerful multidisciplinary tool for evaluation of natural resources, both renewable and non-renewable with speed, accuracy and economy. During the present study an attempt is made to explore the advantage of newly added bands [coastal, yellow, red edge and NIR-2] in WV-2 satellite data in mapping the various ocean related parameters such as coral reef, seagrass related to their Bathymetry.

Using multiple radiometric correction images to estimate leaf area index

Ecological applications of remote-sensing techniques are generally limited to images after atmospheric correction, though other radiometric correction data are potentially valuable. In this article, six spectral vegetation indices (VIs) were derived from a SPOT 5 image at four radiometric correction levels: digital number (DN), at-sensor radiance (SR), top of atmosphere reflectance (TOA) and post-atmospheric correction reflectance (PAC). These VIs include the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), ratio vegetation index (RVI), slope ratio of radiation curve (K), general radiance level (L), visible-infrared radiation balance (B) and band radiance variation (V). They were then related to the leaf area index (LAI), acquired from in situ measurement in Hetian town, Fujian Province, China. The VI–LAI correlation coefficients varied greatly across vegetation types, VIs as well as image radiometric correction levels, and were not surely increased by image radiometric corrections. Among all 330 VI–LAI models established, the R 2 of multi-variable models were generally higher than those of the single-variable ones. The independent variables of the best VI–LAI models contained all VIs from all radiometric correction levels, showing the potentials of multi-radiometric correction images in LAI estimating. The results indicated that the use of VIs from multiple radiometric correction images can better exploit the capabilities of remote-sensing information, thus improving the accuracy of LAI estimating.

A METHOD FOR RECOVERY OF REMOTE SENSING DATA BASED ON THE DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL

This paper deals with a new method for remote sensing data recovery, which is based on the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). In this technique, ground topography acts as the key factor, and random effects of satellite remote sensing are ignored. First, a DEM is created according to the digital contour lines from the basic geographic data. Then, through combining the ground real data with DEM and corrected remote sensing data, the slope aspect analysis of pixel in remote sensing data is performed, thus building up a model which shows the relationship between the DEM and the remote sensing data so as to characterize the action mechanism of the topography on the remote sensing data by mathematical statistics. Finally, the remote sensing information recovery is conducted for each pixel in remote sensing data. With this method, an excellent information recovery result has been achieved. The technique can also eliminate or reduce the influence of topography on remote sensing data. Therefore, it enhances the practical application of remote sensing techniques under the complex topographic conditions of mountain areas.

Outline of Fundamental Studies for Application of Remote Sensing Technique to Mangrove Forest in Okinawa

Outline of Fundamental Studies for Application of Remote Sensing Technique to Mangrove Forest in Okinawa

Application of Remote Sensing Technique on Shifting Field Analisys

Application of Remote Sensing Technique on Shifting Field Analisys

The Application of Remote Sensing Techniques to Land Use Survey on Loess Plateau

The Application of Remote Sensing Techniques to Land Use Survey on Loess Plateau

Applications of Remote Sensing Techniques in Coal Geology

Abstract Through applied researches, the regularity of thermal infrared radiation of the coal seams has been found, a model of thermal radiation of the coal seams established, and the internal relations of the information extracted from remote sensing images with coal seams and coal measures revealed. Through a series of complete tests of remote sensing techniques such as multi‐level (space, aerial and ground) synchronous remote‐sensing and multi‐directional, multiband and multitemporal remote sensing, the optimal procedure for applications of remote sensing techniques in coal geology has been determined. The theories and methods established in the applied researches have yielded apparent economic results and social benefits in respect to coal field prediction, coal reconnaissance, coal geological surveys and detection of geological hazards in coal mines.

The Application of Remote Sensing Technique on Grassland Management : I. The Use of Principal Component Analysis for the Image Processing and Land-cover Classification by Landsat TM Data

The Application of Remote Sensing Technique on Grassland Management : I. The Use of Principal Component Analysis for the Image Processing and Land-cover Classification by Landsat TM Data

Infra—red line scanning, a tool in engineering geology?

1. Theoretical approach Infra red line scanning is a remote sensing technique, a non-conventional method of gathering information from an aeroplane about the earth surface and the top soil layer. To investigate the possibilities of the application of this technique in relation to Earth and Agricultural Sciences is one of the aims of the NIWARS (Interdepartmental Working community for the Applications of Remote Sensing techniques). IRLS, or “heat” images, show the distribution of radiation temperatures on the soil surface. The phenomena governing the thermal behaviour of the soil will be discussed briefly. A large number of parameters play a role in this research. This makes the empirical interpretation of the heat images a precarious task. To solve this problem a more fundamental approach is necessary. Therefore a mathematical model (RADMOD) has been constructed. This model simulates the transport processes of heat, water and vapour at both sides of the surface of a bare soil during the daily cycle. The surface temperature and water content will be found from the condition of the continuity of heat and total water flux at the soil surface. The results of some computer calculations show the sensibility of the surface temperature for several parameters, such as soil type and soil humidity. These parameters may play an important role in engineering geology in deltaic areas. Finally, objects for future research in relation to the application will be discussed. 2. Experimental approach Within 24 hours four IRLS flights were performed over certain parts of Zeeuws Vlaanderen (Holland). Simultaneously, a field experiment was executed in a pilot area. During three days meteorological and soil physical parameters were continuously registrated at both sides of the dividing line between Pleistocene sand and Holocene clay. Measuring procedures and instruments will be discussed briefly. The thermal behavior of the two soils will be compared on the basis of the measuring results. Four IRLS-images, made of the same area at different hours, will be compared. From these images conclusions will be drawn about the daily surface temperature cycle at various points in the area. These temperature cycles will be compared with measured cycles and those obtained by model simulation. Interesting phenomena in the images will be shown and their possible interpretation will be discussed and compared with local geology and soil conditions.