Application Of Micellar Liquid Chromatography Research Articles

Method Development and Validation of Metformin and Gliclazide in Tablet dosage form by Micellar Liquid Chromatography

Micellar Liquid Chromatography (MLC) has emerged as a promising technique for the analysis of Pharmaceutical compounds due to its versatility, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. In this experimental research paper, we explore the application of MLC in the simultaneous analysis of two commonly prescribed antidiabetic drugs, Metformin and gliclazide. A combination of these medicines is widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, so accurate quantification of them is essential for efficient therapeutic management. To separate the drug formulation, reversed phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was employed using surfactant solutions above Critical Miceller concentration (CMC). The mobile phase included 0.10M SDS and 10% Propanol-1, with a pH of 3.50 maintained by o-Phosphoric Acid and analysis was done using Deoxyprobe C18 column (4.6 x 150 mm, 5 µm). The separation was carried out at room temperature with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, and detection was performed at 228 nm. Gliclazide has a retention time of 4.46 minutes, compared to 5.57 minutes for metformin. The percentage composition of the sample under analysis ranged from 90 to 110 percent in accordance with schedule V of the Drug and Cosmetic Act. The suggested practice met ICH requirements. The method was also low-cost, easy to use, secure, and ecologically benign. It can be used to conduct standard quantitative analyses on pills that include metformin and gliclazide.

Application of micellar liquid chromatography to model ecotoxicity of pesticides. Comparison with immobilized artificial membrane chromatography and n-octanol-water partitioning

The potential of Micellar Liquid Chromatography (MLC) to model ecotoxicological endpoints for a series of pesticides was investigated. To exploit the flexibility in MLC conditions, different surfactants were employed and retention mechanism was tracked and compared to Immobilized Artificial Membrane (IAM) chromatographic retention and n-octanol- water partitioning, logP. Neutral polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (Brij-35), anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were used in presence of PBS at pH=7.40 and acetonitrile as organic modifier when necessary. Similarities/ dissimilarities between MLC retention and IAM or logP were investigated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Liner Solvation Energy Relationships (LSER). LSER revealed that hydrogen bonding acidity is the most important factor for differentiation between MLC and IAM or logP. The impact of hydrogen bonding is exemplified in the relationships of MLC retention factors with IAM or logP, which necessitate the inclusion of a relevant descriptor. PCA further revealed that MLC retention factors are clustered together with IAM indices and logP within a broader ellipse formed by ecotoxicological endpoints, involving LC50/ EC50 values of six aquatic organisms namely Rainbow Trout, Fathead Minnow, Bluegill Sunfish, Sheepshead Minnow, Eastern Oyster and Water Flea as well as LD50 values of Honey Bee, thus justifying their use to construct relevant models. Satisfactory specific models for individual organisms, as well as general fish models, were obtained, in most cases, upon combination of MLC retention factors with Molecular Weight (MW) or/ and hydrogen bond parameters. All models were evaluated and compared to previously reported IAM and logP based models using an external validation data set. Predictions with Brij-35 and SDS based models were comparable, although slightly inferior than those obtained with IAM, while they were in all cases better than those obtained with logP. CTAB led to a satisfactory prediction model for Honey Bee, but it was found less suitable for aquatic organisms.

Analytical capabilities of micellar liquid chromatography and application to residue and contaminant analysis: A review.

Green chemistry is the use of chemistry to reduce or eliminate the use of generation of feedstocks, products, by-products, solvents, reagents, etc. that are hazardous to human health or the environment. One of the branches of green chemistry is micellar liquid chromatography. Micellar liquid chromatography is a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic mode with mobile phases containing a surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. The applications of micellar liquid chromatography for the determination of numerous compounds in pharmaceutical formulation, biological samples, food, environmental samples, and feeds have been growing rapidly. Micellar liquid chromatography technique has several advantages over other chromatographic techniques. Its main advantage is the small amount of organic modifiers used such as acetonitrile and methanol and the safety and recyclability of the mobile phase. In our work, we discuss the development of "green chemistry" and present what micellar liquid chromatography is. This article presents application methods with the use of micellar liquid chromatography for analysis on antibacterial substances, melamine, biogenic amines, plant protection products, flavonoids, as well as peptides in biological matrices such as milk, eggs, tissues, honey, and feed.

Application of planar and column micellar liquid chromatography to the prediction of physicochemical properties and biological activity of compounds

A review of applications of micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) with special stress upon micellar thin layer chromatography (MTLC) in drug discovery is given. MLC and MTLC are presented as valuable sources of information on the physicochemical properties (mainly lipophilicity) of solutes and as tools to predict their biological activity: interactions with biomembranes, blood-brain barrier permeability, plasma protein binding, volume of distribution, gastric, ocular and skin absorption, environmental toxicity and bioaccumulation. The results of modeling based on the MLC/MTLC descriptors are correlated with those obtained by other in vitro, in vivo or in silico techniques used to study bioavailability. The future prospects of MTLC application in drug discovery and safety assessments of environmentally hazardous compounds are discussed.

Determination of binding properties of ampicillin in drug-human serum albumin standard solution using N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer combined with the micellar systems

It is well-known that only the unbound (free) drug fraction can achieve a pharmacological effect. Therefore the determination of free drug concentration is a very important issue in the field of pharmacology. In this study poly-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) crosslinked with divinylbenzene (DVB) compared with the micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) with and without pre-made drug adsorption was used for quantitative analysis of free ampicillin concentration in the standard solution of drug-human serum albumin owing to its ability to block protein adsorption.The commonly recognized adsorption method based on drug adsorption on VP-DVB has been compared to the entirely new application of MLC with direct sample injection (DSI) not requiring pre-made adsorption. Micellar aggregates are able to solubilize various compounds therefore micellar environment can be used for direct determination of free drug concentration.The obtained results show that the free drug concentration values obtained in the micellar systems based on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) (93.98μgL−1, 78.3%) as well as on polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (Brij35) (91.15μgL−1, 75.9%) are similar to those obtained after the drug adsorption on VP-DVB using both RP-HPLC (95.85μgmL−1, 79.9%) and spectrophotometry (96.47μgmL−1, 80.4%). However, only %PPB (% plasma protein binding) value calculated on the basis of Brij35 retention factor is similar to the literature data. The obtained results are within the analytical range of % of free drug concentration. Therefore N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer as well as micellar system based on the non-ionic surfactant can be successfully applied for determination of free drug concentration. Moreover, the new application of MLC with DSI can be recognized as a promising, fast and simple method for quantitative determination of free drug concentration.

A concise review of applications of micellar liquid chromatography to study biologically active compounds

The features of micellar systems are outstanding compared with conventional RP-LC ones. Therefore, the unique properties of micellar chromatography (MLC) are widely recognized. In this short review the applicability of MLC as an in vitro method for the determination of biological activity is discussed. For this purpose many specific examples of MLC applications supported by the theoretical backgrounds of the cited biological activity areas as well as the factors affecting them are presented. This study collects and organizes the most important references of bioactivity determination which were created both recently and in the past, using the MLC method. Although there are many papers on the MLC there is no literature review focused particularly on its applicability in the study of biological activity of various compounds. This work can be treated as a significant review of so far published papers which particularly emphasizes the importance of MLC as in vitro method for determination of bioactivity of different compounds. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Predicting human intestinal absorption in the presence of bile salt with micellar liquid chromatography.

Understanding intestinal absorption for pharmaceutical compounds is vital to estimate the bioavailability and therefore the in vivo potential of a drug. This study considers the application of micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) to predict passive intestinal absorption with a selection of model compounds. MLC is already known to aid prediction of absorption using simple surfactant systems; however, with this study the focus was on the presence of a more complex, bile salt surfactant, as would be encountered in the in vivo environment. As a result, MLC using a specific bile salt has been confirmed as an ideal in vitro system to predict the intestinal permeability for a wide range of drugs, through the development of a quantitative partition-absorption relationship. MLC offers many benefits including environmental, economic, time-saving and ethical advantages compared with the traditional techniques employed to obtain passive intestinal absorption values. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A new application of micellar liquid chromatography in the determination of free ampicillin concentration in the drug–human serum albumin standard solution in comparison with the adsorption method

The determination of free drug concentration is a very important issue in the field of pharmacology because only the unbound drug fraction can achieve a pharmacological effect.Due to the ability to solubilize many different compounds in micellar aggregates, micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) can be used for direct determination of free drug concentration. Proteins are not retained on the stationary phase probably due to the formation of protein – surfactant complexes which are excluded from the pores of stationary phase. The micellar method is simple and fast. It does not require any pre-preparation of the tested samples for analysis.The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate a completely new applicability of the analytical use of MLC concerning the determination of free drug concentration in the standard solution of human serum albumin. The well-known adsorption method using RP-HPLC and the spectrophotometric technique was applied as the reference method.The results show that the free drug concentration value obtained in the MLC system (based on the RP-8 stationary phase and CTAB) is similar to that obtained by the adsorption method: both RP-HPLC (95.83μgmL−1, 79.86% of free form) and spectrophotometry (95.71μgmL−1, 79.76%). In the MLC the free drug concentration was 93.98μgmL−1 (78.3%). This indicates that the obtained results are within the analytical range of % of free ampicillin fraction and the MLC with direct sample injection can be treated like a promising method for the determination of free drug concentration.

Application of micellar liquid chromatography for the determination of antitumoral and antiretroviral drugs in plasma.

In micellar liquid chromatography, the mobile phase is made of a surfactant and, eventually, an alcohol. This article describes several methods to measure the concentration of antitumoral and antiretroviral drugs in plasma, utilizing micellar liquid chromatography. Samples can be injected after dilution with a micellar solution and filtration, because proteins and other endogenous compounds are solubilized in micellar medium. We will discuss the following optimized parameters: dilution ratio, type of column, detection conditions and mobile phase composition. This article will also cover the validation performed following the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and the results reported in the literature, indicating that the methods are useful for the routine analysis of plasma samples for clinical purposes.

Applications of Micellar Liquid Chromatography in Bioanalysis: A Review

Applications of Micellar Liquid Chromatography in Bioanalysis: A Review

Modelling skin permeability with micellar liquid chromatography

This study evaluates the potential application of micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) to predict skin permeation with a series of model compounds. MLC has previously been found to be useful in the prediction of partition coefficient values (logP) for pharmaceutical compounds, yet has not been incorporated in skin permeability models prior to this work. This article provides statistically supported data that this technique enhances the ability to predict the permeability of similar drugs through the skin (Kp). The replacement of a traditional physicochemical parameter, namely the octanol–water partition coefficient (logPow) with a chromatographically determined value (logPmw), results in a quantitative partition–permeability relationship that is robust to variation. MLC offers many benefits compared with the traditional techniques employed to obtain logP values.

Recent theoretical and practical applications of micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

Abstract Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) is an analytical technique belonging to the wide range of reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) separation techniques. MLC with the use of surfactant solutions above its critical micellar concentration (CMC) and the addition of organic modifiers is currently an important analytical tool with still growing theoretical considerations and practical applications in pharmaceutical analysis of drugs and other biologically active compounds. The use of MLC as an alternative, relatively much faster in comparison to conventional chromatographic separation techniques has several advantages, especially as being suitable for screening pharmaceutical analysis. The analytical data received from MLC analysis are considered a useful source of information to predict passive drug absorption, drug transport and other pharmacokinetics and physicochemical measures of pharmaceutical substances. In the review several MLC assays for determination of drugs and other active compounds in biological samples were compared and critically discussed. The presented overview provides information on recent applications and achievements connected with the practical use of MLC. The review covers fields of interest related to theory and mechanism of MLC separation, direct applications of MLC in pharmaceutical analysis, including optimization and efficiency of separation with the use of modification of stationary phase and mobile phase compositions as well as the determination of physicochemical characteristics of drugs by MLC.

Micellar liquid chromatography for the determination of drug materials in pharmaceutical preparations and biological samples

Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) is a simple, robust and well-established branch of modern high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that can be used for the analysis of most drug materials in pharmaceutical preparations, serum and urine samples. This review, based on examples taken from the literature and some of the recent results of the authors' own research, presents the theoretical treatment, optimization strategy and applications of MLC to the determination of different groups of drug substances. The analytes treated here are androgens, antiepileptics, antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, β-blockers, carbamates, diuretics, phenethylamines, steroids, sulfonamides and B vitamins. We discuss the best conditions, including the type of column, pH, and nature and concentration of surfactant and modifier. We demonstrate that MLC, which affords fast, efficient separations is a good solution for the determination of these drugs, especially in serum and urine samples, for which the need for sample pretreatment is dramatically reduced.