Application Of Iron Nanoparticles Research Articles

The effect of external magnetic field on osteogenic and antimicrobial behaviour of surface-functionalized custom titanium chamber with iron nanoparticles. A preliminary research.

The controlled responsive characteristics of iron nanoparticles (FeNp) in magnetic fields make them an attractive prospect in this field. In the presence of a magnetic field, FeNp can significantly impact cell behaviour, leading to breakthroughs in nanotechnology. The aim is to determine the possible applications of iron nano particles (FeNp), and induced magnetic exposure role in osteoconduction and antibacterial activity. The custom-grade IV titanium (Ti)hollow chamber is fabricated, surface treated with FeNp. Each titanium chamber contained neodymium, iron, and boron magnet disc, and the effect of FeNp on osteoblast-like cells (MG63) was evaluated in terms of cell attachment and survivability, morphological characteristics, particle absorption, and antibacterial properties. The effects of cellular uptake of FeNp and their responses to subcellular thrust were studied using fluorescent microscopy. MTT was used to determine cell viability, and von Kossa histochemical staining was used to determine matrix mineralization. In the magnetized Ti chambers group, osteogenic activity and mineralization were considerably greater than in the control groups (p 0.05). With a p value of 0.027, the S. aureus and E. coli were resistant to the antibacterial properties of the FeNp modified titanium custom Ti chamber (MIC: 0.03135mg/mL and 0.02915mg/mL, respectively). The one-of-a-kind, in vitro, conveniently modelled, limited sample study sheds light on the effect of surface-functionalized titanium custom Ti chamber with FeNp on MG63. The use of magnetized FeNp-surfaced implants for long-term strategic bone tissue engineering and bacteriostatic implants.

In-vitro evaluation of physiological changes caused by iron oxide nanoparticles in Solanum villosum

ABSTRACT Application of iron nanoparticles as iron fertilizer can be a functional strategy to manage iron deficiency in agricultural crops. However, the toxicity of iron should not be ignored and its proper concentrations should be determined. The effect of iron nanoparticles and Fe (II) ethylenediaminetetraacetate (FeEDTA) on iron accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, soluble carbohydrate and protein, antioxidant enzymes activity, and lignification were compared in vitro in Solanum villosum. Culture media were prepared in two ways: 1) including 628 mg L−1 FeEDTA as control, and 2) different concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles (628 and 730 mg L−1 in pH of 5.2, and 628 and 830 mg L−1 in pH of 5.9). Seeds were germinated on culture media and biochemical parameters were measured at the end of the fourth week. The iron content, amount of chlorophyll, soluble carbohydrate and protein in leaves and stems of the plants grown using the nanoparticle concentration of 628 mg L−1 decreased compared to the control, but the same parameters increased in concentrations of 730 and 830 mg L−1. Iron nanoparticles decreased catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities. Guaiacol peroxidase activity and carotenoid content showed no significant difference between FeEDTA and nanoparticle treatments. Leaf and stem lignin levels did not differ from control (FeEDTA). FeEDTA can be replaced by optimum concentrations of iron nanoparticle under in vitro conditions. In vivo experiments are needed to generalize these results for field-grown plants, because iron nanoparticles have some advantage over iron chelate, which is highly dependent on soil conditions. Abbreviations: APX: ascorbate peroxidase; CAT: catalase; FeEDTA: Fe (II) ethylenediaminetetraacetate; GP: guaiacol peroxidase; MS: Murashige and Skoog medium

Effect of mode and source of iron nano particles on the biological properties of the calcareous soil

The effect of mode and source of iron application on biological properties was evaluated in the green house experiment along with the different sources i.e. nano Fe2O3 and FeSO4 in the calcareous soil with wheat as test crop during kharif season of 2014, New Delhi. Application of FeSO4 through both soil and foliar modes significantly increased the dehydrogenase activity by 53 and 38%; whereas application of iron nano particles at 0.3 mg Kg-1 though soil enhanced the activity by 26% over the control. Foliar application of 0.2% mg Fe either through FeSO4 and Fe2O3 (nano) doses were exhibited the similar response of towards the microbial biomass carbon during the entire crop growth stages. Salts of FeSO4 and nano Fe2O3 did not influence both the bacterial and fungal population in the calcareous soil. Overall results revealed that the application of lower doses of nano Fe2O3 through foliar and soil showed non-significant and negative impact on soil biological properties.

Application of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on cotton fabrics by the Pad-Dry-Cure process for the elaboration of magnetic and conductive textiles

In the present study, a magnetic textile was developed by the application of Iron nanoparticles on cotton fabrics. For this, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthetized by reverse co-precipitation. Then, the obtained magnetic nanoparticles were applied on cotton fabrics using the Pad-Dry-Cure process. Magnetic behavior of iron oxide nanoparticles was investigated to study magnetic properties by the VSM analysis. Moreover, the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the cotton fabrics noticed on the thermal behavior has been studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal stability of cotton fabrics is positively affected after the treatment using Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Finally, electrical properties were studied to measure the fabrics conductivity according to the AATCC.

МОРФОФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНІ ЗМІНИ ШКІРИ ЩУРІВ ПРИ ТРИВАЛОМУ НАНЕСЕННІ НА ЇЇ НЕПОШКОДЖЕНУ ПОВЕРХНЮ НАНОЧАСТИНОК ОКСИДУ ЗАЛІЗА (Fe2O3)

МОРФОФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНІ ЗМІНИ ШКІРИ ЩУРІВ ПРИ ТРИВАЛОМУ НАНЕСЕННІ НА ЇЇ НЕПОШКОДЖЕНУ ПОВЕРХНЮ НАНОЧАСТИНОК ОКСИДУ ЗАЛІЗА (Fe2O3)

Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Application of Iron Nanoparticles: in Dye Removal and as Antimicrobial Agent

Green protocols for synthesizing nanoparticles have demonstrated numerous benefits and advantages, which include environmental friendliness, good efficacy and possess less threat to human. The aim of this study was to biosynthesize, characterize and evaluate the effectiveness of biosynthesized iron nanoparticles. The bioflocculant was extracted using a solvent extraction method and purified by 100 mL distilled water and a mixture of chloroform and butanol (5:2 v/v). Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were successfully synthesized through the chemical reduction method. Where 0.5 g of bioflocculant was mixed with 3 mM iron sulphate (FeSO4) solution and left to stand at room temperature for 24 h. Characterization of the as-synthesized nanoparticles was achieved with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The various parameters that effect on flocculation activity were evaluated, with optimum flocculation activity at a dosage size of 0.4 mg/mL (88%). The FeNPs were found to be cation-dependent Mg2+ (82%) and flocculate both in acidic pH 3 and in alkaline pH 11 with (93%) flocculation activity. The synthesized FeNPs are thermostable as they maintain flocculation activity above 80% at 100 °C temperatures.

Iron nanoparticles and potassium silicate interaction effect on salt-stressed grape cuttings under in vitro conditions: a morphophysiological and biochemical evaluation

As two newly important components for plant tissue culture, the impacts of iron nanoparticle and potassium silicate were studied on the regeneration and growth of grape cuttings var. Khoshnaw under salinity condition. The treatments consisted of salinity stress (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl), iron nanoparticles (0.0, 0.08, and 0.8 ppm) and potassium silicate (0, 1, and 2 mM) under an in vitro environment. The overall results indicated that salinity significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased soluble carbohydrates and carotenoid contents. On one hand, it reduced all studied morphological and physiological traits including shoot number, shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight, root volume, and leaf area, along with relative water content (RWC) and chlorophylls’ content. On the other hand, the application of iron nanoparticles and potassium silicate, alone or in combination, could significantly compensate the deleterious effects of salinity on morphological traits, leading to increase their mean values compared to control condition (p ≤ 0.05). Soluble carbohydrate content showed negative significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation with RWC, chlorophyll a, and all morphological parameters. Chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents showed positive significant (p ≤ 0.01) correlation with RWC. The application of higher concentrations of potassium silicate resulted in a greater ability of plants to tolerate salinity; moreover, the results suggest that moderate concentrations of iron nanoparticles may be more profitable for increasing salinity tolerance.

Plant-Mediated Synthesis and Applications of Iron Nanoparticles.

Nanoscale iron particles have attracted substantial interest due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Over the years, various physical and chemical methods have been developed to synthesize these nanostructures which are usually expensive and potentially harmful to human health and the environment. Synthesis of iron nanoparticles (INPs) by using plant extract is now of great interest in order to develop a novel and sustainable approach toward green chemistry. In this method the chemical compounds and organic solvents are replaced with phytochemicals and aqueous matrixes, respectively. Similar to any chemical and biochemical reaction, factors such as reaction temperature, concentration of iron precursor, concentration of leaf extract, and reaction time have critical effects on the reaction yield. This review focuses on the novel approaches used for green synthesis of INPs by using plant resources. The currently available statistics including the factors affecting the synthesis process and potential applications of the fabricated nanoparticles are discussed. Recommendations are also given for areas of future research in order to improve the production process.

Grape response to salinity stress and role of iron nanoparticle and potassium silicate to mitigate salt induced damage under in vitro conditions.

Grape softwood cuttings of Khoshnaw cultivar were cultured using tissue-culture methods to study the effect of iron nanoparticles and potassium silicate under salinity conditions during the 2015-2016 growing season. The treatments consisted of salinity stress (0, 50, and 100mM NaCl), nanoparticles of iron (0, 0.08, and 0.8ppm), and potassium silicate (0, 1, 2mM). The results also showed that the application of iron nanoparticles and potassium silicate significantly increased the total proteincontent and reduced proline, enzymatic antioxidant activity and hydrogen peroxide. Salinity stress reduced membrane stability index while increased malondialdehyde content. Increase of membrane stability index and reduction of malondialdehyde content were obtained for 2mM potassium silicate and 0.8ppm iron nanoparticle. Iron and potassium silicate were shown to lower the sodium content and increase the potassium content under salinity-stress conditions. The highest ratio of sodium to potassium was observed in plants under salinity conditions (100mM) treated with neither iron nanoparticles nor potassium silicate; conversely, the lowest ratio was achieved in plants treated with both 0.8ppm iron nanoparticles with 1mM and 2mM potassium silicate under non-stress conditions. These results indicate that the application of micronutrients in stressful conditions is a suitable method to compensate for the negative effects of salinity stress. Tissue culture in this study was shown to be an economically efficient and applicable technique for producing grape softwood cuttings to be used in experiments.

Application of iron nanoparticles and salicylic acid in in vitro culture of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) to cope with drought stress

The effects of iron nanoparticles and salicylic acid (SA) on strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plants in conditions of drought stress were surveyed under in vitro conditions to find the optimum combination for strawberry tissue culture. Cuttings of the Queen Elisa cultivar were surveyed in a three-way factorial experiment with three replications in 2015. The results showed that drought stress significantly affected all measured parameters of strawberry plantlets under in vitro condition in a negative way. SA compensated for the negative effects of drought stress on strawberry plantlets and improved their growth parameters under in vitro culture. Strawberry plantlets treated with iron nanoparticles were able to cope with stressful conditions better than untreated ones. This study found that iron, a micronutrient in plant growth and in vitro development, greatly influenced the plantlets’ growth parameters and other measured traits. These results indicate that the efficiency of tissue culture and in vitro culture of strawberries could be improved by increased application of iron in the form of nanoparticles. The results might also indicate that the application of iron nanoparticles along with SA can be a useful method for providing higher quantity and quantity in the in vitro culture of strawberries, and could be used for adapting strawberry plants to drought before transplanting them in the field.

Detoxification of toxic dyes using biosynthesized iron nanoparticles by photo-Fenton processes

Environmental contamination resulting from dyes has become a serious concern for today’s world. The textile effluents are highly colored, and the disposal of these in water bodies causes severe damage to the environment by reducing the solar light penetration which may affect the photosynthetic activity and the aquatic life in water. Further, the high water solubility of dyes also leads to surface and ground water contamination. Thus, in this study, we attempt to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly method for removal of toxic dyes from aqueous using biosynthesized iron nanoparticles (INPs). Various complimentary instruments such as a thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and X-ray diffraction were employed for identification and characterization of INPs. The biosynthesized INPs were applied as a Fenton-like catalyst for decolorization of toxic dyes solution like methylene blue, methyl orange, allura red, brilliant blue, and green S using hydrogen peroxide under solar radiation. The decolorization of the toxic dyes solution using INPs was monitored by UV–visible spectrophotometer, and the data obtained were utilized to evaluate the kinetic rate of the reactions. The kinetic data suggest that the decolorization of all studied toxic dyes solution follows first-order rate with rate constant values in the range of 13.1 × 10−3–17.7 × 10−3 min−1. Therefore, such a clean method employing non-toxic plant extract in INP synthesis and the application of INPs as a Fenton-like catalyst in toxic dyes decolorization can be considered as an alternative technique to the expensive and toxic chemical methods.

Preparation of nanoscale iron (oxide, oxyhydroxides and zero-valent) particles derived from blueberries: Reactivity, characterization and removal mechanism of arsenate

The application of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) to the removal of various pollutants has received wide attention over the last few decades. A synthesis alternative to obtain these nanoparticles without using harmful chemical reagents, such as NaBH4, is the use of extracts from different natural sources that allow a lesser degree of agglomeration, in a process known as green synthesis. In this study, FeNPs were synthesized by ‘green’ (hereafter, BB-Fe NPs) and ‘chemical’ (hereafter, nZVI) methods. Extracts of leaves and blueberry shoots (Vaccinium corymbosum) were used as reducing agents for FeCl3·6H2O solution in the green synthesis method. FeNPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrophoretic migration, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and evaluated for the removal of As(V) from aqueous systems. In both synthesis methods, XRD analysis confirmed the presence of the different kinds of iron nanoparticles. SEM analysis showed that the average size of BB-Fe NPs was 52.4nm and that a variety of nanoparticles of different forms and associated structures, such as lepidocrocite, magnetite, and nZVI, were present, while the dimensions of nZVI were 80.2nm. Comparatively significant differences regarding the electrophoretic mobility were found between both materials pre- and post-sorption of As(V). The velocity of As(V) removal by BB-Fe NPs was slower than that by nZVI, reaching equilibrium at 120min compared to 60min for nZVI. The removal kinetics of As(V) were adequately described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the maximum adsorbed amounts of this analyte are in close accordance with the experimental results. The Langmuir-Freundlich model is in good agreement with our experimental data, where the sorption capacity of nZVI and BB-Fe NPs was found to be 52.23 ± 6.06 and 50.40 ± 5.90 (mg·g−1), respectively. The use of leaves of Vaccinium corymbosum affords an easy-to-synthesize, low-cost, and eco-friendly material with capabilities similar to nZVI. BB-Fe NPs are promising for arsenic remediation, which has emerged as a new alternative for water purification and sanitation.

Synthesis, characterization, applications, and challenges of iron oxide nanoparticles.

Recently, iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted much consideration due to their unique properties, such as superparamagnetism, surface-to-volume ratio, greater surface area, and easy separation methodology. Various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been adopted to synthesize magnetic NPs with suitable surface chemistry. This review summarizes the methods for the preparation of iron oxide NPs, size and morphology control, and magnetic properties with recent bioengineering, commercial, and industrial applications. Iron oxides exhibit great potential in the fields of life sciences such as biomedicine, agriculture, and environment. Nontoxic conduct and biocompatible applications of magnetic NPs can be enriched further by special surface coating with organic or inorganic molecules, including surfactants, drugs, proteins, starches, enzymes, antibodies, nucleotides, nonionic detergents, and polyelectrolytes. Magnetic NPs can also be directed to an organ, tissue, or tumor using an external magnetic field for hyperthermic treatment of patients. Keeping in mind the current interest in iron NPs, this review is designed to report recent information from synthesis to characterization, and applications of iron NPs.

Heterogeneous Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions in paraquat removal using iron nanoparticles

This work was aimed to investigate the ability of iron nanoparticles in paraquat degradation using heterogeneous Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. The iron nanoparticles were synthesised and their sizes are in the nanometre range of 10-30 nm. SEM, TEM, and XRD were used to characterise the obtained materials. From XRD analysis and the Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio, the iron nanoparticles are predominantly of magnetite phase. Results from Fenton reaction at pH3 show that paraquat with initial concentrations in range of 60-100 ppm has been degraded with the removal percentages in the range of 43.7-75.8%. In photo-Fenton process at pH3, the paraquat removal percentages were 70.9-99.1% for initial paraquat concentrations as of 100-300 ppm. The photo-Fenton reaction using iron nanoparticles provided higher efficiency in paraquat removal than the Fenton process. Results from this work can benefit further for application of iron nanoparticles in pesticides removal from water and wastewater.

Effect of nanoscale zero-valent iron and magnetite (Fe3O4) on the fate of metals during anaerobic digestion of sludge

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the most widely used processes to stabilize waste sewage sludge and produce biogas renewable energy. In this study, two different iron nanoparticles [nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and magnetite (Fe3O4)] were used in the mesophilic AD processes (37 ± 1 °C) to improve biogas production. In addition, changes of heavy metal (Cd, Co, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr) speciation during AD of sludge with and without iron nanoparticles have been investigated. Concentrations of metals in the initial sludge were as follows: 63.1, 73.4, 1102.2, 2060.3, 483.9 and 604.1 mg kg−1 (dry sludge basis) for Cd, Co, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr, respectively. Sequential fractionation showed that metals were predominantly bonded to organic matter and carbonates in the initial sludge. Compared with AD without iron nanoparticles, the application of iron nanoparticles (at dose of 0.5% in this study) showed positive impact not only on biogas production, but also on improvement of metals stabilization in the digestate. Metals were found concentrated in Fe–Mn bound and residual fractions and little was accumulated in the liquid digestate and most mobile fractions of solid digestate (water soluble, exchangeable and carbonates bound). Therefore, iron nanoparticles when properly used, could improve not only biogas yield, but also regulate and control the mobilization of metals during AD process. However, our study also observed that iron nanoparticles could promote the immobilization of phosphorus within the sludge during AD, and more research is needed to fully address the mechanism behind this phenomenon and the impact on future phosphorus reuse.

Applications of iron nanoparticles for thermochemotherapy of the experimental tumors.

e13519 Background: It is known, that in advanced and recurrent tumors processes of fibrosis, sclerosis and necrosis take place, and they reduce tumors’ chemoradiation and temperature sensitivity. T...

Effect of silver, copper and iron nanoparticles on wheat germination

The effect of the exposure of wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds to silver, copper and iron nanoparticles on germination and seedling vigor index has been studied under laboratory conditions. Seeds were exposed to silver, copper and iron nanoparticles under various conditions. Germination percentage and root shoot length were calculated. The results showed a reduction in germination percentage on exposure to silver and copper nanoparticles while maximum germination percentage was on application of iron nanoparticles. Similarly while root and shoot growth was also enhanced under iron nanoparticles application while severereduction in root and shoot length was observed on exposure to copper nanoparticles. So copper has inhibitory while iron has stimulatory effect on wheat germination and growth.

Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Iron Nanoparticles

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Iron Nanoparticles

Iron, the most ubiquitous of the transition metals and the fourth most plentiful element in the Earth's crust, is the structural backbone of our modern infrastructure. It is therefore ironic that as a nanoparticle, iron has been somewhat neglected in favor of its own oxides, as well as other metals such as cobalt, nickel, gold, and platinum. This is unfortunate, but understandable. Iron's reactivity is important in macroscopic applications (particularly rusting), but is a dominant concern at the nanoscale. Finely divided iron has long been known to be pyrophoric, which is a major reason that iron nanoparticles have not been more fully studied to date. This extreme reactivity has traditionally made iron nanoparticles difficult to study and inconvenient for practical applications. Iron however has a great deal to offer at the nanoscale, including very potent magnetic and catalytic properties. Recent work has begun to take advantage of iron's potential, and work in this field appears to be blossoming.