Application Of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Research Articles

Effect of Different Chemical Solvents on Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of various chemical solvents on bond strength of orthodontic brackets. One hundred healthy human premolars with undamaged buccal surfaces that were extracted for orthodontic purposes were gathered. Using 37% orthophosphoric acid, primer, and Transbond XT adhesive, ceramic 0.018" × 0.022" slot orthodontic brackets were adhered to the tooth surface. Following thermocycling, all samples were divided into four groups, with 25 samples in each group: group I: control; group II: application of ethanol; group III: application of acetone; and group IV: application of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Following the debonding tests, a double-ocular stereomicroscope was used to inspect the tooth surfaces. Additionally, adhesive remnant index (ARI) values were evaluated at 40× magnification. Data were recorded and statistically analyzed. The bond strength was lesser in acetone applied group (16.18 ± 3.64) followed by DMSO applied group (22.08 ± 2.86), ethanol applied group (24.36 ± 4.02), and control group (27.14 ± 3.68). There was a highly significant difference found between the chemical solvents group. The ARI score 3 was present in control (12%), ethanol (8%), and DMSO (4%), and it was absent in acetone applied group. The ARI score 0 was more in acetone applied group (24%). The present study concluded that the reduced debonding force was found with the application of acetone solvent followed by DMSO, ethanol, and control groups. Applying acetone can be a substitute technique to help with ceramic bracket debonding. Orthodontic bracket debonding cannot occur without shear bond strength (SBS). The need for an ideal debonding technique for ceramic brackets without negative consequences arises from the risk of enamel damage that frequently follows the process. Acetone treatment prior to ceramic bracket debonding could be an alternate clinical technique to preventing enamel damage and facilitating debonding. How to cite this article: Bhushan R, Singh S, Sam G, et al. Effect of Different Chemical Solvents on Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023;24(12):940-943.

Does the application of dimethyl sulfoxide improve resin bonding to eroded dentine? Four-year in vitro evaluation.

To evaluate the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and nanoleakage (NL) of universal adhesives on eroded dentine, immediately and after four years of water storage. Sixty-four sound human molars were distributed into 16 groups according to (1) Dentine surface (sound and eroded dentine); (2) dimethyl sulfoxide application (with or without); (3) Application mode (etch-and-rinse or self-etch) and (4) Storage time (immediate and four years). One mild universal adhesive was used (Scotchbond Universal). The restoration was then performed with a composite resin and the specimens were sectioned into resin-dentine bonded sticks. Resin-dentine bonded sticks were tested (immediately and after four years of water storage) for µTBS (0.5mm/min) or used to assess NL. Data on μTBS and NL were analyzed using four-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Only the 3-way cross-product interaction 'substrate vs DMSO vs time' was statistically significant (p=0.007). Eroded dentine showed a lower mean of µTBS and a higher mean of NL values than sound dentine. However, when DMSO was applied, no significant decrease of μTBS or NL values was observed after four years of water storage, regardless of adhesive strategies, or dentine evaluated, when compared to immediate results. Water-based DMSO pre-treatments not only prevent degradation of MDP-containing simplified adhesives but also serve as a potential alternative to improve long-term bonding properties to eroded dentine. The versatility of using a single pre-treatment for both self-etch or etch-and-rinse bonding to eroded dentin may facilitate future clinical applications.

Application of Dimethyl Sulfoxide as Methylating Reagent in Organic Synthesis

Application of Dimethyl Sulfoxide as Methylating Reagent in Organic Synthesis

Collagen cross-linking agents + dimethyl sulfoxide improving the adhesive properties of erosive lesion dentin.

To investigate the effect of the dimethyl sulfoxide combined with cross-linking agents on microtensile bond strength, silver nitrate penetration and in situ degree of conversion analysis of adhesives to the erosive dentin treatment with Cola-based soft drink. One hundred and sixty-six molars were assigned to 20 groups: (1) Treatment: Sound dentin; Erosive dentin; Erosive dentin treated with primer of dimethyl sulfoxide; Erosive dentin treated with DMSO primer containing proanthocyanidin and rivoflavin; (2) Adhesive systems: iBond Universal and Scotchbond Universal; and (3) adhesive strategy: etch-and-rinse or self-etch strategy. After restoration, specimens were sectioned into sticks to be tested. The data from microtensile bond strength (MPa), silver nitrate penetration (%) and in situ degree of conversion (%) were analyzed by (three- and two-factor ANOVA; Tukey's test α=5%). The application of dimethyl sulfoxide combined of not with cross-linkers improved all properties evaluated when compared to only erosive dentin treatment with Cola-based soft drink. However, only when dimethyl sulfoxide was combined to cross-linkers, the values of the microtensile bond strength, silver nitrate penetration and in situ degree of conversion in erosive dentin treatment with Cola-based soft drink was similar to sound dentin, for both adhesives and adhesive strategies. The application of dimethyl sulfoxide combined with the collagen cross-linking agent contributed to increasing the bond strength and degree of conversion in erosive lesion dentin, at the same time that significantly reduction of nanoleakage in this substrate.

Application of Dimethyl Sulfoxide as a Therapeutic Agent and Drug Vehicle for Eye Diseases.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an amphipathic molecule widely used as a solvent for water-insoluble substances, cryopreserving, and cell-biological therapies. It has known properties as an inducer of cellular differentiation, a free radical scavenger, and a radioprotectant. In addition, DMSO is used for its various therapeutic and pharmaceutical properties, such as anti-inflammatory, local and systemic analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and membrane penetration enhancement agents. DMSO treatment can be given orally, intravenously, or topically for a wide range of indications. The administration of DMSO exhibits favorable outcomes in human eye diseases with low to none observed ocular or systemic ocular toxicity. Nevertheless, DMSO is an essential and nonpatentable potential therapeutic agent that remains underexplored and ignored by pharmaceutical developers and ophthalmologists. This current review takes data from experimental and clinical studies that have been published to substantiate the potential therapeutic efficacy of DMSO and stimulate the research of its application in clinical ophthalmology. Given that DMSO is inexpensive, safe, and easily formulated into therapeutic medicinal products and conventional ophthalmological drugs, this compound should be further explored and studied in the treatment of a variety of acute and chronic ocular disorders.

ChemInform Abstract: The Applications of Dimethyl Sulfoxide as Reagent in Organic Synthesis

AbstractReview: [main developments in the use of DMSO as a source of ‐Me, ‐S‐Me, ‐SO2‐Me, and as an oxidant; 80 refs.

The Applications of Dimethyl Sulfoxide as Reagent in Organic Synthesis

AbstractDimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is one of the most commonly applied organic solvents in chemical transformations and is utilized widely in industrial processes as well. During the past decades, numerous procedures using DMSO as a reaction reagent have been developed and published. In this review, the main developments on the employment of DMSO as sources of Me, SMe, SO2Me, as an oxidant etc. have been summarized and discussed.magnified image

Effect of optical clearing agents on optical coherence tomography images of cervical epithelium.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used as an adjunct to colposcopy in order to detect precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions. Optical clearing agents (OCAs) temporarily reduce the optical scattering of biological tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate their influence on OCT imaging. OCT images were taken from unsuspicious and suspicious areas of fresh conization specimens immediately after resection and 5, 10, and 20min after application of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or polyethylene glycol (PEG). Corresponding histologies were obtained from all sites. The images taken 5, 10, and 20min after application of OCA were compared to the initial images with respect to changes in brightness, contrast, and scanning depth using a standard nonparametric test of differences of proportions. Further, mean intensity backscattering curves were calculated from all OCT images in the histological groups CIN2, CIN3, inflammation, and normal epithelium. Mean difference profiles within each of these groups were determined, reflecting the mean differences between the condition before the application of OCA and the exposure times 5, 10, and 20min, respectively. The null hypothesis was tested employing the Dicky-Fuller-test, Hotelings-test and run test. The visual analysis of 434 OCT images from 109 different sites of 24 conization specimens showed a statistically significant increase in brightness and contrast for normal and dysplastic epithelium after application of DMSO or PEG. Further, the analysis of mean intensity profiles suggests the existence of an increased backscattering intensity after application of DMSO or PEG. DMSO and PEG contribute substantially to optical clearing in cervical squamous epithelium and therefore influence OCT imaging in a positive way. With further refinement of the OCT technology, the observed changes may be beneficial in interpreting the tissue microstructure and identifying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Cryotolerance in Norway spruce and its association with growth rates, anatomical features and polyamines of embryogenic cultures

Our study focused on the possible association between the cryotolerance of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) embryogenic cultures and the anatomical structures of their embryogenic suspensor mass (ESM), their growth rate and their content of endogenous polyamines (PAs). The anatomical characteristics and PA content during cryopreservation and regrowth were studied in the ESMs of AFO 541 and C110 cultures, which have comparable ESM anatomy but diverse growth rates, PA content and regeneration abilities after cryopreservation. Different levels of tolerance to exogenous treatment were already apparent after transfer of the ESMs to liquid media. The endogenous free PAs were maintained at high levels, with spermidine being the predominant PA in the ESM of AFO 541, while in the ESM of C110 the content of putrescine and spermidine was almost identical and rather low, the content of spermidine being approximately one-third that in the ESM of AFO 541. Osmotic pretreatment, using a double application of sorbitol followed by an application of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) resulted in the continual disintegration of polyembryogenic centers and suspensors in both cell lines. A continual decrease in the level of PAs was observed during the cell osmotic pretreatment. The cells that retained their viability and regrowth ability after cryopreservation were the meristematic cells inside the embryonal heads and the cells in the intermediate area between suspensor and meristems. Restoration of AFO 541 growth after cryopreservation was almost immediate; however, the C110 ESM culture regrew with difficulty, often exhibiting callogenesis. High levels of PA-soluble conjugates and an increase in the amount of PAs bound to high-molecular-mass substances was observed in cells of AFO 541 on Day 6 after thawing and also to some extent on Day 11. On Day 21 after thawing, the amount of free putrescine and spermidine in the AFO 541 cells reached the level observed in the suspension culture before the cryotreatment. The extremely low level of PAs determined in the ESM of C110 3 weeks after thawing agreed with the cell viability and rate of regrowth observed in this culture. The possible role of PAs in the process of cryopreservation of Norway spruce cultures is discussed.

ChemInform Abstract: Application of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)/Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) Oxidation to the Synthesis of Cystine-Containing Peptide.

ChemInform Abstract: Application of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)/Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) Oxidation to the Synthesis of Cystine-Containing Peptide.

Prevention of Wound Edge Necrosis by Local Application of Dimethylsulfoxide

Background : Surgical flap necrosis is one of the most common problems after procedures such as mastectomies and regional lymph node dissections. In this prospective randomized study, the effect of topical dimethylsulfox-ide (DMSO) on skin flap viability was analyzed.Material and methods : Sixty-six consecutive patients with breast cancer who had skin flaps created during mastectomy were randomized into two groups. Topical DMSO was applied on surgical flaps of the patients in Group-1, topical saline was applied for those in Group-2. Necrotic flap edges were recorded during the follow-up period for each patient, then excised and weighted in a blind manner.Results : The mean weight of flap edge necrosis was 23.48 ± 9.5 (mean ± sem) μg in DMSO group and 126,27 ± 44.8 μg in control group (p = 0.03). The hospitalization period was 9.6 ± 0.5 days and 11.8 ± 0.8 days in DMSO group and control group respectively (p = 0.02). There were no side effects due to DMSO.Conclusion : The application of DMSO reduced skin flap necrosis and improved outcome of surgical flaps.

Primary localized amyloidosis of urethra

Abstract A case is presented of distal urethral obstruction caused by localized amyloidosis. Because of the high degree of obstruction, internal urethrotomy was performed and followed by topical application of dimethyl sulfoxide.

Topical application of dimethyl sulfoxide prevents tissue damage

Topical application of dimethyl sulfoxide prevents tissue damage

The effects of citrus limonoids on hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis

Two citrus limonoids, limonin and nomilin, were tested for their effects on the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced buccal pouch epidermoid carcinomas. Forty-five female Syrian hamsters were divided into three equal groups. The left buccal pouches of the animals in each group were pretreated topically with two applications of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (group I), a 2.5% solution of limonin dissolved in DMSO (group II) or a 2.5% solution of nomilin dissolved in DMSO (group III). After this initial treatment, 11 hamsters from each group were selected. The left buccal pouches of these animals were painted 2 or 3 times weekly with a 0.5% solution of DMBA in mineral oil. On alternate days the pouches were painted with DMSO (I), the 2.5% solution of limonin (II) or the 2.5% solution of nomilin (III). The 12 remaining hamsters were used as controls and were painted with mineral oil and DMSO (I), mineral oil and the 2.5% solution of limonin (II), or mineral oil and the 2.5% solution of nomilin (III). After 15 weeks the hamsters were killed, the pouches were excised and the tumors were counted and measured. Tumors of variable size were common in the animals treated with DMBA. However, the animals receiving topical applications of limonin exhibited a 60% reduction in tumor burden. Further comparisons between groups I and II showed that this reduction in tumor burden was due to a 20% decrease in tumor number and a 50% decrease in tumor mass. The results for group III showed that nomilin was considerably less effective as an inhibitor of DMBA-induced neoplasia.

Application of the fiber‐optic perfusion fluorometer to absorption and exsorption studies in hairless mouse skin

This study was undertaken to test the fiber-optic perfusion fluorometer as a direct means of evaluating skin absorption and exsorption in hairless mice. Skin-barrier compromise was accomplished in the absorption experiments by application of dimethyl sulfoxide to the skin surface or by partial removal of the stratum corneum with sticky tape. Absorbed fluorescein was measured easily in unanesthetized control (skin-barrier intact) and experimental mice. Unabsorbed chemical did not fluoresce 15 minutes after application, although it was present on the surface of the skin as a dry powder. The time course of fluorescein elimination from the skin was related to a rapid phase (vascular removal) and a slow phase (reservoir entrapment). In the exsorption experiments the fluorescein was injected intraperitoneally. Back skin on the right side was swabbed with either dimethyl sulfoxide or 1% capsaicin in alcohol prior to the injections, and differences in skin fluorescence on the left (control) and right sides were recorded. One application of dimethyl sulfoxide or capsaicin increased the level of skin exsorption. Three applications of dimethyl sulfoxide almost doubled the amount of exsorbed dye, whereas three applications of the capsaicin inhibited the exsorption process. It was concluded that the fiber-optic perfusion fluorometer provides an excellent technique in support of other methods of investigating the skin.

Ultrastructural studies of barrier restoration in epidermis of hairless mice following dimethyl sulfoxide application.

Sixteen hairless mice were studied by transmission electron microscopy to determine the ultrastructural changes in epidermal barrier restoration following topical applications of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to back skin. Samples of experimental skin were examined at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h after the initial DMSO treatment and compared with that of control animals. At earlier time periods (30 min-1 h) the DMSO treated epidermis showed greatly expanded intercellular spaces, disrupted desmosomal attachments, and desmosomal remnants lying free within the intercellular space. Mitochondria contained droplets of lipoid material which reached maximum size in the spinous and granular layers. Cytoplasmic vacuoles were particularly prominent in the 30-min samples. Large numbers of membrane coating granules (MCG) emerged in the 1 h specimens. The MCG were laden with numerous electron-dense inner membranes which crisscrossed at various angles. Many of the MCG were observed in the process of fusion with plasma membranes of granular cells adjacent to the stratum corneum. At 2 h a process of recovery from the effects of DMSO was evident and at 3 h there was little or no difference between experimental and control epidermis.

Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide applications on gastric secretory function

The use of applications of dimethyl sulfoxide in patients with ulcerative disease and chronic gastritis leads to suppression of increased acid secretion, ambivalence with normal acid secretion and has no effect in patients with atrophy of the gastric mucosa. The normalizing effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) applications in persons with acidic, decompensated ^ and subcompensated states of the stomach by stimulating the neutralizing function of the antral glands was established. The use of dimethyl sulfoxide as a transporter of various drugs in physiotherapy can be indicated in patients with HC1 hypersecretion in the interdigestive phase of ventricular secretion.

β-elimination and reduction reactions and some applications of dimethylsulfoxide on submaxillary glycoproteins

It has been shown that dimethylsulfoxide is useful in separating protein contaminants and minor mucins from the submaxillary glycoproteins prepared by the method of Tettamanti, G. and Pigman, W. (1968) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 124, 41–50. In addition, alkaline dimethylsulfoxide was found to greatly accelerate the β-elimination reaction of glycoproteins. As this procedure does not produce diffusible protein fragments, it should be of value in studies of the protein core and for the investigation of those protein-carbohydrate linkages that are resistant to treatment by alkali. Optimal conditions for carrying out the β-elimination and reduction reactions of bovine submaxillary glycoprotein in aqueous alkaline NaBH 4 systems have been described. Under such conditions, the conversion of 2-aminopropenoic and 2-amino-2-butenoic acid residues into alanine and α-aminobutyric acid, respectively, is complete. This reduction procedure is of a broad application and can be used for the reduction of the phenylhydrazone derivatives of α-keto acids to the corresponding amino acids. A comparison of our procedure with that described by Simpson, L. D., Hranisavljevic, J. and Davidson, E. A. (1972) Biochemistry, 11, 1849–1856, shows that the method outlined here is superior both in efficiency and for quantitative recovery of unsaturated hydroxyamino acids.

The effect of repeated application of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to paws of rats and guinea-pigs.

The effect of repeated application of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to paws of rats and guinea-pigs.

The Toxicity of Single and Repeated Dermal Applications of Dimethyl Sulfoxide

The Toxicity of Single and Repeated Dermal Applications of Dimethyl Sulfoxide