Applied Social Sciences Research Articles

Impact of clinical pharmacist on home health care patients in hail region

The primary aim of this research is to assess how the involvement of clinical pharmacists can influence home health care patient’s outcomes, including medication management, adherence to prescribed therapies, and overall patient satisfaction. To achieve this, the study adopted a descriptive and quantitative approach. Data gathered through an electronic questionnaire specifically targeted at home health care patients, totaling 112 individuals, aiming to capture their experiences and perceptions regarding the contributions of clinical pharmacists to their health care. This questionnaire included questions that focus on the effectiveness, accessibility, and patient-centered care provided by clinical pharmacists. The collected data then systematically analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) application, allowing for the identification of trends, correlations, and potential areas for improvement in clinical pharmacy services. The study finally concluded that.

Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Child Development in South America: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have garnered attention globally for their detrimental effects on children’s development, such as lower communication, gross and fine motor, and personal-social domains. While extensively studied in high-income countries, there remains a gap in understanding their prevalence and impact in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This review aimed to identify, evaluate, and summarize the findings of an association between ACEs and children’s developmental and mental health outcomes in South America Methods A systematic review was conducted to investigate the association between ACEs and childhood development in South America. Databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde, IBECS and CINAHL were searched. Selection criteria encompassed studies from Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Guyana and Suriname examining the effects of ACEs on developmental outcomes and mental health disorders in children under 18 years old. Quality assessment aligned with World Health Organization standards was employed. Results Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, with most categorized as low or very low quality. While the majority demonstrated a significant association between ACEs and developmental or mental health outcomes, a few studies reported null findings. Challenges in study quality, such as small sample sizes and selection bias, were identified. Conclusions Despite limitations in study quality, findings underscore the impact of ACEs on child development and mental health in South America. Because of the low quality of the existent studies the next steps should be to grasp a greater understanding of the issue. This review also highlights the urgency for further research and targeted interventions to mitigate the long-term consequences of ACEs in this region. Key messages • ACEs profoundly affect child development and mental health in South America, necessitating urgent attention and intervention. • Addressing the impact of ACEs in South America is critical for fostering healthier developmental trajectories and enhancing public health outcomes.

Researching moral foundations using the Bayesian approach

Moral foundations theory describes a complex space of human morality along five moral foundations: care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, and sanctity/degradation. The first aim of this study is to explore the role of socio-demographic variables in endorsing the five moral foundations and to provide insight into the role of moral foundations in attitudes towards homeless people. The second objective of the study is to provide an example of employing the Bayesian statistical approach. There were 162 participants in our study (27% male, mean age 36 years). Convenience sampling method was used. Age and education found to be the most important predictors of moral foundations, with Bayesian factors showing the strongest evidence for age as a positive predictor of moral foundations. Gender, political affiliation, care and authority were found to be important predictors of attitudes towards homeless people, with Bayesian factors showing much stronger evidence for moral foundations than sociodemographic variables. This study lays the groundwork for research on moral foundations in Slovenian samples and provides a practical example of Bayesian approach application in social science.

Integrating social sciences in community engagement in humanitarian action: benefits and challenges seen from the field

The application of social sciences has been recognized as valuable to inclusive humanitarian programming that aims to be attentive to the needs and initiatives of affected communities. However, the integration of social science-informed community engagement (CE) approaches in humanitarian action remains episodic, fragmented, and under-resourced. This research article provides insights from a study that reviewed existing and needed capacities for the systematic integration of social sciences for community engagement in humanitarian action. We examined what capacity resources exist and what resources need to be developed for strengthening social science integration into humanitarian programming for improved engagement of affected and at-risk communities in conflict and hazard contexts. A mixed method approach was used, including twenty-two key informant interviews and a focus group discussion with social scientists and humanitarian practitioners, an online survey with 42 respondents, a literature review, and a year-long monthly consultation with social scientists and humanitarian practitioners in a UNICEF-led global technical working group. Results illustrate insights on the value of the “social science lens” in humanitarian action and current usage of different social science disciplines. Challenges found include different understandings (e.g., on standardization), languages and methods used by practitioners and social scientists, and how to integrate the seemingly “slow” processes of social sciences to fit emergency response. Institutional barriers to mainstream community-centered humanitarian action facilitated by the social sciences include top-down decision-making and resourcing, lack of localization, and many siloed, dispersed, and episodic efforts.

A Bayesian Record Linkage Approach that Adjusts for Variables in One File

In many healthcare and social science applications, information about units is dispersed across multiple data files. Linking records across files is necessary to estimate associations between variables exclusive to each of the files. Common record linkage algorithms only rely on similarities between linking variables common to all the files. Moreover, analysis of linked files often ignores errors that may arise from incorrect or missed links. Bayesian record linking methods allow for natural propagation of linkage errors, by jointly sampling the linkage structure and the model parameters. We extend an existing Bayesian record linkage approach to integrate associations between variables exclusive to each file being linked. We show analytically, and using simulations, that the proposed method improves the linkage process, and results in accurate statistical inferences. We apply the proposed method to link Meals on Wheels (MOW) recipients to Medicare Enrollment records, and examine the relationship between activities of daily living and healthcare utilization among MOW recipients.

Poverty‐Armed Conflict Nexus: Can Multidimensional Poverty Data Forecast Intrastate Armed Conflicts?

Poverty is widely acknowledged as a significant factor in the outbreak of armed conflicts, particularly fueling armed conflict within national borders. There is a compelling argument positing that poverty is a primary catalyst for intrastate armed conflicts; reciprocally, these conflicts exacerbate poverty. This article introduces a statistical model to forecast the likelihood of armed conflict within a country by scrutinizing the intricate relationship between intrastate armed conflicts and various facets of poverty. Poverty, arising from factors such as gender inequality and limited access to education and public services, profoundly affects social cohesion. Armed conflicts, a significant cause of poverty, result in migration, economic devastation, and adverse effects on social unity, particularly affecting disadvantaged and marginal groups. Forecasting and receiving early warnings for intrastate armed conflicts are crucial for international policymakers to take precautionary measures. Anticipating and proactively addressing potential conflicts can mitigate adverse consequences and prevent escalation. Hence, forecasting intrastate armed conflicts is vital, prompting policymakers to prioritize the development of effective strategies to mitigate their impact. While not guaranteeing absolute certainty in forecasting future armed conflicts, the model shows a high degree of accuracy in assessing security risks related to intrastate conflicts. It utilizes a machine‐learning algorithm and annually published fragility data to forecast future intrastate armed conflicts. Despite the widespread use of machine‐learning algorithms in engineering, their application in social sciences still needs to be improved. This article introduces an innovative approach to examining the correlation between various dimensions of poverty and armed conflict using machine‐learning algorithms.

Implementation of Social Science Theory in Civic Education for School Students

Civic education plays an important role in shaping Indonesian students into democratic, responsible and active citizens in social, political and economic life. Through an understanding of the political system, rights and responsibilities, community participation, social and cultural awareness, critical thinking, ethics, global citizenship and communication skills, citizenship education provides a foundation for students' active engagement and understanding of global roles. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the theories in social science that underlie citizenship education, as well as analyze how the application of social science can assist students in understanding and exercising their rights and responsibilities as citizens. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to examine the relationship between civic education and social science theories. The results show that the integration of social sciences such as sociology, psychology, education, politics and law in the civic education curriculum strengthens students' understanding of their rights and responsibilities. In addition, social sciences help advance civic engagement and responsibility, equipping students to face challenges in the 21st century. In conclusion, the application of Social Sciences in citizenship education prepares students to become informed and responsible citizens, capable of contributing positively in local and global communities.

Patient, family and caregiver engagement in diabetes care: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionNew treatments and technologies have advanced diabetes care; however, diabetes continues to have a major impact on the daily lives of affected individuals, especially among equity-deserving groups. Evidence from patient...

Health care-seeking behavior for childhood illnesses in western Kenya: Qualitative findings from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Study.

Child mortality in Kenya is 41 per 1,000 live births, despite extensive investment in maternal, newborn, and child health interventions. Caregivers' health-seeking for childhood illness is an important determinant of child survival, and delayed healthcare is associated with high child mortality. We explore determinants of health-seeking decisions for childhood illnesses among caregivers in western Kenya. We conducted a qualitative study of 88 community members between April 2017 and February 2018 using purposive sampling in an informal urban settlement in Kisumu County, and in rural Siaya County. Key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were performed. We adopted the Partners for Applied Social Sciences model focusing on factors that influence the decision-making process to seek healthcare for sick infants and children. The discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data management was completed on Nvivo® software. Iterative analysis process was utilized and themes were identified and collated. Our findings reveal four thematic areas: Illness interpretation, the role of social relationship on illness recognition and response, medical pluralism and healthcare access. Participants reported some illnesses are caused by supernatural powers and some by biological factors, and that the illness etiology would determine the health-seeking pathway. It was common to seek consensus from respected community members on the diagnosis and therefore presumed cause and necessary treatment for a child's illness. Medical pluralism was commonly practiced and caregivers would alternate between biomedicine and traditional medicine. Accessibility of healthcare may determine the health seeking pathway. Caregivers unable to afford biomedical care may choose traditional medicine as a cheaper alternative. Health seeking behavior was driven by illness interpretation, financial cost associated with healthcare and advice from extended family and community. These findings enrich the perspectives of health education programs to develop health messages that address factors that hinder prompt health care seeking.

The Effect Of Job Description On Employee Performance At The Office Of The Regional Revenue Agency Of Tual City

This study aims to determine the effect of Job Description on employee performance at the Tual City Regional Revenue Agency Office. The types of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The research instrument used in this study used the Likert scale method. Based on the results of data research using statistical calculations through the Statistical for the Social Science (SPSS) application regarding the Effect of Job Description on Employee Performance, the author can conclude that Variable X, namely Job Description, has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance with a Job Description (X) coefficient value of 0.393 and a calculated t value of 2,836 t > table 2.021 with a significant value of 0.007 < 0.05.

Interventions for intimate partner violence during the perinatal period: A scoping review: A systematic review.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent global health problem. IPV that occurs before pregnancy often continues during the perinatal period, resulting in ongoing violence and many adverse maternal, obstetrical, and neonatal outcomes. This scoping review is designed to broadly capture all potential interventions for perinatal IPV and describe their core components and measured outcomes. We conducted a search for empirical studies describing IPV interventions in the perinatal population in June 2022. The search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts, ClinicalTrials.gov and MedRxiv. Hand searching of references from select articles was also performed. Included studies described an intervention for those experiencing IPV during the perinatal period, including 12 months before pregnancy, while pregnant or in the 12 months post-partum. The search encompassed January 2000 to June 2022 and only peer-reviewed studies written in either English or French were included. Included interventions focused on the survivor exposed to IPV, rather than healthcare professionals administering the intervention. Interventions designed to reduce IPV revictimization or any adverse maternal, obstetrical, or neonatal health outcomes as well as social outcomes related to IPV victimization were included. We used standard methodological procedures expected by The Campbell Collaboration. In total, 10,079 titles and abstracts were screened and 226 proceeded to full text screening. A total of 67 studies included perinatal IPV interventions and were included in the final sample. These studies included a total of 27,327 participants. Included studies originated from 19 countries, and the majority were randomized controlled trials (n = 43). Most studies were of moderate or low quality. Interventions included home visitation, educational modules, counseling, and cash transfer programs and occurred primarily in community obstetrician and gynecologist clinics, hospitals, or in participants' homes. Most interventions focused on reducing revictimization of IPV (n = 38), improving survivor knowledge or acceptance of violence, knowledge of community resources, and actions to reduce violence (n = 28), and improving maternal mental health outcomes (n = 26). Few studies evaluated the effect of perinatal IPV interventions on obstetrical, neonatal or child health outcomes. The majority of intervention studies for perinatal IPV focus on reducing revictimization and improving mental health outcomes, very few included obstetrical, neonatal, and other physical health outcomes. Future interventions should place a larger emphasis on targeting maternal and neonatal outcomes to have the largest possible impact on the lives and families of IPV survivors and their infants.

Editorial

The Alpha Centauri Scientific and Technological Research Journal is a peer-reviewed journal produced internationally, it is published QUARTERLY in online version ISSN: 2709-4502. Alpha Centauri publishes scientific articles specializing in Applied Social Sciences and Social Sciences in Information Technologies with great impact at an international level. We are currently trending in more than 24 countries disseminating Open Access scientific knowledge. IMAGES: Still images, audio recordings, video and related computer files for non-commercial use. NASA content (images, audio, video, and computer files used in the reproduction of three-dimensional models, such as texture maps and polygonal data in any format).

A Overview on Decision Theory, Game Theory and Some Applications in Economics and Other Social Sciences

Decision theory and Game theory are the special branches of mathematics that are mostly applicable in social sciences, economics, and commerce as well as in engineering sciences, Biology etc. It is the study of strategy and conflict in which agent success in making choices depending on the choice of the other opponent. It was initially developed in economics to understand a large collection of economic behaviors of firms, markets and consumers. This theory has been used to attempt or to develop theories of ethical and normative behaviors as well. Applied game theory is helpful in understanding the rational behavior of economics and philosophy. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the following. First is to provide very brief overview of decision theory, game and game theory, second to discuss background and impact of game theory, third to analyze the prisoner’s dilemma game and finally to present applications of it and special attention to economics and other social sciences.

THE INFLUENCE OF COMPENSATION AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY IN PT. WAILALA TRANS IN BAUBAU CITY

This research starts from the framework of thinking that Compensation and Work Discipline greatly influence employee productivity. This research aims to determine the influence of compensation and work discipline on productivity employees PT. Wailala Trans in Baubau City. The population in this study were all employees of PT. Wailala Trans has 34 employees. This type of research uses a quantitative approach. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data, where the primary data comes from observations and documentation at the company PT. Wailala Trans, and secondary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to 34 employees of the company PT. Wailala Trans. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression data analysis by combining statistical calculations using the Data Analysis Tools program in Windows Excel version 16 and the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPPS) application version 23. The results of this research show that the compensation variable (X1) has no effect on employee productivity, the work discipline variable (X2) has an effect on employee productivity, meanwhile the compensation and work discipline variables together have a significant and simultaneous effect on the work productivity of employees PT. Wailala Trans, can be seen from the significance value of Sig 0.002 < 0.05, and the Fcount value of 7.560 > Ftable value of 3.304.

Understanding Economic Integration in Immigrant and Refugee Populations: A Scoping Review of Concepts and Metrics in the United States

In an increasingly mobile world, the integration of immigrants and displaced individuals is an important factor in creating cohesive and inclusive societies. Integration has different dimensions; this scoping review examines the conceptualization and measurement of economic integration among immigrants and refugees in the United States. Quantitative peer-reviewed journal papers measuring or conceptualizing the economic integration of first-generation documented adult immigrants or refugees in the United States, as well as relevant conceptual or theory papers on this topic, were included in the review. The search strategy included an online search of the Web of Science Core Collection, PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), and EconLit. Additional search strategies included scanning the reference lists of studies identified as relevant in the initial database search. An analysis of 72 studies included in the review using a data extraction table reveals seven key domains of economic integration: income and economic security, employment and occupational categories, assets and use of financial services, neighborhood and housing, health, education, and use of public assistance. Income and economic security emerged as the most common indicators of integration in the reviewed studies. Notably, less than half of the reviewed publications had a multidimensional approach to defining or measuring economic integration, and the majority of studies were focused on immigrants, with a smaller proportion dedicated to refugees. This review emphasizes the need for comprehensive frameworks in assessing economic integration among immigrants and refugees, reflecting the multifaceted nature of their economic integration experiences.

Analysis of knowledge production in Applied Social Sciences in Scientific Initiation

Analysis of knowledge production in Applied Social Sciences in Scientific Initiation

Co-design of health educational materials with people experiencing homelessness and support workers: a scoping review.

People experiencing homelessness are often marginalised and encounter structural barriers when seeking healthcare. Community-based oral health interventions highlighted the need of well-trained practitioners for the successful engagement of service users and behaviour change. However, a lack of adequate information and specific training has been previously reported. The adoption of inclusive approaches, such as co-design, to develop tailored and meaningful health promotion training and educational materials capable of addressing the specific needs of this group is required. Co-design entails active involvement of different groups in research processes that acknowledge participants' needs and expectations. This scoping review aims to identify the available literature on the participation of people experiencing homelessness and/or their support workers in co-designing health and oral health promotion training/educational materials, approaches adopted, and barriers and enablers to develop these materials. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Scoping Review Methodology informed the development of the scoping review. The protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework. Six electronic databases (Medline (OVID), PsychInfo (OVID), Scopus, Web of Science, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) (ProQuest) and CINHAL) were systematically searched using MeSH terms. An extensive grey literature search, consultation with experts and hand searching of reference lists took place. Records were screened independently and in duplicate using the Rayyan Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI) online tool, followed by qualitative content analysis involving descriptive data coding. Eight studies/materials were included. Key approaches adopted to co-design, enablers and barriers were captured. The enablers were inclusivity, a safe environment for positive participation, empowerment and flexibility, the barriers were difficulty in recruiting and sustaining participation, power differentials, and limited resources. The evidence in this area is limited. This scoping review provided foundations for further research to examine the impact of different components of the co-design process including the environment in which the co-design process is conducted. Further studies with experimental design and reported using appropriate study design frameworks detailing active components of the co-design process would strengthen the evidence base in this area.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) Development in Topejawa Beach Tourist Destinations, Takalar Regency Post Covid 19

The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak is increasingly spreading and spreading rapidly and is becoming the biggest global polemic for now. It also affects limited SME activity and fewer direct-to-consumer purchases than usual. The development of MSMEs in Topejawa Beach Tourist Destinations, Takalar Regency in the Recovery of the Covid-19 Pandemic, in addition to requiring strategies that can affect the Development of MSMEs in Topejawa Beach Tourist Destinations, Takalar Regency, is a marketing strategy. Based on the background description above, the researcher is interested in conducting research and compiling a thesis, with the title "Analysis of MSME Development in Topejawa Beach Tourist Destinations, Takalar Regency After Covid-19, the problem was formulated in this study, namely Whether Marketing Strategies Affect the Development of MSMEs in Topejawa Beach Tourist Destinations, Takalar Regency in recovering from the Covid-19 Pandemic. Benefits This research is theoretically and beneficially. The population in the number of 63 MSMEs. The sampling method is Purposive sampling samples taken by 63 people for the development of MSMEs at the Topejawa Beach Tourism location, Takalar Regency. something that the questionnaire would measure. Data analysis techniques debgab Conduct validity tests and significance tests of a variable are said to be reliable if they have a Cronbach Alpha > 0.60. In this study, using multiple linear regression analysis using the Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS) Application Program for windows. This can be seen based on the regression results that have been obtained by researchers, namely T count 13,383 > T table 2,684 with a significance level of 0.002 which means it is smaller than 0.05. Marketing strategy with a Sig rate value of 0.002 < 0.05

Pengaruh Komunikasi, Kompetensi dan Komitmen Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai di BPKPD Kota Banjar

Less than optimal employee performance can be seen from the inefficient use of time at work. This is because certain employees act not in accordance with established rules, lack initiative and creativity in carrying out their duties, and experience poor collaboration due to inadequate communication. Carried out between superiors, subordinates and co-workers. Apart from that, the performance of employees at BPKPD Banjar City is influenced by (1) less than optimal communication. This is mainly caused by a lack of horizontal communication, which results in employees being unable to effectively coordinate tasks and resolve interpersonal problems between coworkers. Identical within the organization. (2) The competence of the Banjar City BPKPD is less than optimal due to a lack of knowledge caused by the large number of employees with low educational levels. In addition, their skills are limited in keeping up with advances in information technology, thus hampering their ability to fulfill their duties and responsibilities. (3) The level of commitment in the Banjar City BPKPD is currently less than optimal due to the low affective commitment of employees. This can be caused by their lack of participation in organizational development and their tendency to simply fulfill their job responsibilities without showing concern for the end result. The research was conducted using an explanatory quantitative survey methodology. The data analysis technique used is the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) application, using descriptive and regression analysis. Research findings show that (1) Communication has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at BPKPD Banjar City. This means that the better the communication, the higher the performance of employees at BPKPD Banjar City. (2) Competency has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at BPKPD Banjar City. This means that the higher the competency, the higher the performance of employees at BPKPD Banjar City. (3) Commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at BPKPD Banjar City. This means that the higher the commitment, the higher the performance of employees at BPKPD Banjar City. (4) Communication, competence and commitment have a positive and significant effect on employee performance at BPKPD Banjar City. This means that the better the communication, the higher the competence and commitment, the higher the performance of employees at BPKPD Banjar City.

Insights Unveiled: Harnessing AI to Explore Human Behaviour in Social Sciences

AI's evolution has expanded its potential to understand complex human behaviours, revealing new insights into human psychology and sociology. This essay explores AI's capabilities in detecting intricate behavioural patterns, its applications in social sciences, the challenges and ethical considerations associated with its use, and predictions for the future. AI's ability to uncover patterns invisible to the human mind offers an exciting frontier of exploration, particularly in understanding human behaviour. Human behaviour, characterized by its intricacy and influenced by sociocultural, economic, and psychological factors, has traditionally been studied through various methodologies. However, the unpredictability and dynamism of human behaviour often defy simple categorization or comprehension. AI has the potential to serve as a guide, decoding patterns beyond the reach of human cognition and traditional methodologies. AI can offer a new lens through which we view the rich tapestry of human experience, such as predicting social trends, understanding consumer behaviour, and exploring the underpinnings of political sentiment. Despite challenges such as feasibility, interpretability, and ethics, the potential impact of AI in understanding human behaviour is enormous. By shedding light on hidden patterns, we can foster a more nuanced understanding of our societies, inform policies, drive innovation, and potentially address some of the pressing challenges of our times.