Polymer Nanocomposites For Applications Research Articles

An Application of Polymer Nanocomposites Based On Carboxymethylcellulose along with Aluminium (Al) and Copper (Cu) Nanoparticles for Increasing Oil Production

As an agent for displacing residual and hard-to-recover oil reserves, polymer nanocomposites based on sodium salts of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and aluminium (Al) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles were investigated. It has been shown that polymer nanocomposites are more effective as oil displacement agents than the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose itself. Increasing the viscosity of an oil displacement solution can be achieved by varying the concentrations of CMC and nanoparticles. This study thoroughly examined the dynamic viscosities of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polymer nanocomposites that contain CMC and metal nanoparticles (Al and Cu) across various concentrations. The results obtained are robust and reliable. It has been shown that, among polymer nanocomposites containing Al nanoparticles, there is a higher dynamic viscosity compared to its Cu nanoparticle counterpart at equivalent concentrations. This work proposes a simulation reservoir model to enhance oil recovery from hard-to-recovery reserves. Through this reservoir model simulation, the oil recovery factor was calculated using filler sand and oil extracted from a hydrocarbon field. The experimental data revealed the most effective concentration of CMC and nanoparticles for oil displacement. The results suggest that polymer nano composites composed of different metal nano powders have varying impacts on oil displacement efficiency. In this experiment, a composition consisting of Al nanoparticles with a size range of 50-70 manometers (nm) proved to be more successful as an oil displacement agent than a polymer nanocomposite made of Cu nanoparticles and CMC. At these concentrations and combinations, the highest oil recovery factors were achieved.

A REVIEW ON HALLOYSITE NANOTUBES: STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR AND THEIR APPLICATIONSHNTs

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) serve multiple advantageous applications in polymer nano-composites. These nanoparticles are derived from natural deposits found in mines. "Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) exhibit biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, and low cost, establishing them as a pioneering force in the field of green nanotechnology." These materials are also characterized by good particle sizes (i.e., nanoscale) and ideal tubular micro molecular structures, which allow them to be widely used as drug carriers. Furthermore, the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the internal and external surfaces of these materials are the primary focus of drug encapsulation control and release. "This review primarily examines the structure and function of HNTs, including their various properties, purification techniques, and wide range of applications."

In Situ Emulsion Polymerization to Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites: A Review

AbstractPolymer nanocomposites are a class of composite materials containing polymer continuous phase as matrix and inorganic nanoparticles as fillers. Combining the advantages of both polymer and nanofillers, polymer nanocomposites can yield some desirable functionalities that cannot be achieved by the individual components, thus exhibiting tremendous potential for a variety of applications. However, their performances markedly depend on the dispersion and distribution of nanofillers in the polymer matrix. Recently, in situ emulsion polymerization has been demonstrated to be a powerful approach for the preparation of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites with good dispersion and homogeneous distribution of nanofillers. In this review, the fundamentals of polymer nanocomposites and their preparation strategies are briefly discussed, and then are comprehensively summarized recent advances in the design, preparation, functionalization, and applications of polymer nanocomposites via in situ emulsion polymerization. The particular focus is placed on the strategies for achieving homogeneous and good dispersion of nanofillers within polymer matrixes. Moreover, the current challenges and future opportunities of in situ emulsion polymerization to polymer nanocomposites are discussed to motivate future contributions and explore new possibilities.

A brief review on polymer nanocomposites: current trends and prospects

Abstract Nanoparticles (NPs) are being incorporated into pristine polymeric matrices as well as recycled waste polymers to prepare new materials with enhanced properties called polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). There has been an accelerating growth in the field of polymer nanocomposites in the last two decades owing to their tunable and enhanced optical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, and mechanical properties, which make them viable and well-suited for various applications. The addition of nanoparticles in the form of nanosheets, nanotubes, nanospheres, quantum dots, etc., to the polymer matrices reduces the drawbacks of polymers like low mechanical strength, weaker chemical resistivity, etc. due to the large surface area to volume ratio of NPs. Moreover, the interaction of nanoparticles with the polymer chain lowers the permeability of gases and increases the water resistance of the polymer. Due to their remarkable capabilities, polymer nanocomposites have attracted significant theoretical interest as well as a large number of practical applications in a variety of scientific and technological domains. This article provides an overview of the various classes of nanoparticles and different fabrication methods used to produce polymer nanocomposites. Additionally, an effort is made to comprehend the properties and applications of polymer nanocomposites in different areas like wastewater treatment, dye removal, heavy metal and gas sensing, optoelectronics, etc.

Nanotechnology-Enabled Polymer-Based Nanocomposite Hybrids for Advanced Optical Applications: A Review

Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) are functional hybrids lying at the interface of organic and inorganic realm, whose high versatility offers numerous possibilities to develop tailor-made materials with advanced material behaviors. Accordingly, a considerate combination of optically effective additive and particle-stabilizing polymer often opens up unique design possibilities, thereby offering momentous lead in creating advanced functional materials for targeted techno-commercial applications. Accordingly, optically effective nanofillers characterized by particle size and dielectric constant of the surrounding medium-dependent surface plasmon resonance effects may induce entirely new optical functionalities (UV and visible light absorption, optical dichroism, spectral manipulation, photonic emission and so forth) in the polymeric host. Herein, we discuss the major causative factors, which enable nanostructured materials to exhibit unique properties, general introduction to nanotechnology-enabled polymer-based nanocomposites and present a comprehensive review on functional properties and related applications of PNCs, with special emphasis on optical functionalities (photonic absorption encompassing UV shielding, color switching and refractive index engineering and photonic emission covering photoluminescence and spectral manipulations). This review also sheds light on the effect of nature of filler, filler morphology, filler size and filler composition and dispersion homogeneity on optical behaviors of polymer nanocomposites.

Water-Assisted Transformation of Aluminum Alloys to Ceramic Nanowires and Aerogels

Ceramic nanowires (NWs) and their-based aerogels hold great promise for manufacturing and applications of polymer nanocomposites with otherwise unattainable mechanical and thermal properties. Unfortunately, conventional routes for the synthesis of ceramic NWs commonly suffer from the use of costly or toxic chemicals, low production rate, and complex and expensive procedures. Here, we report on a water-assisted route for the cost-effective, scalable transformation of bulk aluminum–lithium alloys into ceramic alumina NWs and aerogels. In this study, we employ water as the intermediary solvent for dealloying to form monolithic porous Li-doped aluminum metal, which can then be converted to ultralong metal–organic NWs, then to hydroxide NWs after hydrolysis and finally to NW aerogels after freeze-drying. As a high-performance thermal interface material for electronic devices, the oxidized alumina NW aerogels infiltrated with epoxy show significantly improved thermal properties. Our study shows great potential for the scalable production of ceramic NWs using a low-cost and environmental-friendly route for various applications.

Preparation and Application of Polymer Nanocomposites

The incorporation of nanomaterials into polymer matrices opens new avenues for the development of advanced materials with unique novel properties and impact in many different fields [...].

Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites in High Voltage Engineering: A Concise Review on Possible Applications and Questions Regarding Some Limitations

Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites in High Voltage Engineering: A Concise Review on Possible Applications and Questions Regarding Some Limitations

Nanochitin preparation and its application in polymer nanocomposites: a review

Nanochitin preparation and its application in polymer nanocomposites: a review

Advances in polymeric nanocomposites for automotive applications: A review

AbstractThe relevance of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) in the automobile industry has been booming for the last few decades because this kind of material can fulfill the need for lightweight vehicles, and that leads to low gasoline intake and drain gas emission. This review covers the fundamental aspects of polymer‐based nanocomposites and their application in the automotive sector. Following an introduction that comprises the need for PNCs and their rewards over traditional materials for instance, excellent thermal and mechanical strength, eco‐friendliness, affordable corrosion resistance, low density, and so on. In addition, the review also covers how these composites can be useful in automotive sector applications. Apart from this, the second section covers the different synthetic approaches (solution casting, melt blending, electrodeposition, electrospinning, in‐situ polymerization, and others) for the manufacturing of PNCs and their characterizations using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, and other techniques. Afterward, the applications of PNCs in different parts of vehicles such as automotive coatings, tires, glasses, and inner parts of the vehicles, extra will be discussed. Finally, discussions related to key areas of PNCs and future perspectives are explained.

Polymeric Nanocomposites for Environmental and Industrial Applications.

Polymeric nanocomposites (PNC) have an outstanding potential for various applications as the integrated structure of the PNCs exhibits properties that none of its component materials individually possess. Moreover, it is possible to fabricate PNCs into desired shapes and sizes, which would enable controlling their properties, such as their surface area, magnetic behavior, optical properties, and catalytic activity. The low cost and light weight of PNCs have further contributed to their potential in various environmental and industrial applications. Stimuli-responsive nanocomposites are a subgroup of PNCs having a minimum of one promising chemical and physical property that may be controlled by or follow a stimulus response. Such outstanding properties and behaviors have extended the scope of application of these nanocomposites. The present review discusses the various methods of preparation available for PNCs, including in situ synthesis, solution mixing, melt blending, and electrospinning. In addition, various environmental and industrial applications of PNCs, including those in the fields of water treatment, electromagnetic shielding in aerospace applications, sensor devices, and food packaging, are outlined.

Overview of the Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites, 2-Photon Technology, and Hydrogels for Energy Storage

Overview of the Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites, 2-Photon Technology, and Hydrogels for Energy Storage

A materials science approach towards bioinspired polymeric nanocomposites: a comprehensive review

Biological aspects of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) depend on various factors like low toxicity, stimuli-responsive behavior, high compatibility, and large aspect ratio along with size-dependent properties of fillers. A range of parameters influencing the biological activities of PNCs is established in the present review. Biomedical applications of PNCs like drugs delivery, gene therapy, tissue engineering, cancer treatment, wound healing, dental curing, biosensing, and bioimaging are contained including antibacterial behaviors. Physical and biological characteristics are explained to enable the PNCs for various biomedical uses. For a better understanding of the subject, several schemes and comparative tables are established in different sections of the review.

A Review on the Synthesis, Properties, and Utilities of Functionalized Carbon Nanoparticles for Polymer Nanocomposites.

Carbon can form different allotropes due to its tetravalency. Different forms of carbon such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers, graphene, fullerenes, and carbon black can be used as nanofillers in order to enhance the properties of polymer nanocomposites. These carbon nanomaterials are of interest in nanocomposites research and other applications due to their excellent properties, such as high Young’s Modulus, tensile strength, electrical conductivity, and specific surface area. However, there are some flaws that can be found in the carbon nanoparticles such as tendency to agglomerate, insoluble in aqueous or organic solvents or being unreactive with the polymer surface. In this study, the aim is to study functionalization in order to rectify some of these shortcomings by attaching different functional groups or particles to the surface of these carbon nanoparticles; this also enables the synthesis of high-performance polymer nanocomposites. The main findings include the effects of functionalization on carbon nanoparticles and the applications of polymer nanocomposites with carbon nanoparticles as nanofillers in the industry. Additionally, the different methods used to produce polymer composites such as in situ polymerization, solution mixing and melt blending are studied, as these methods involve the dispersion of carbon nanofillers within the polymer matrix.

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Few-Layer Multifunctional Graphene from Sustainable Precursors by Controlled Pyrolysis, Understanding of the Graphitization Pathway, and Its Potential Application in Polymer Nanocomposites.

The key feature of the present work is the dexterous utilization of an apparently destructive process, pyrolysis, for the synthesis of the most esteemed nanomaterial, graphene. This work is an attempt to synthesize graphene from nonconventional sources such as tannic acid, alginic acid, and green tea by a controlled pyrolysis technique. The precursors used in this work are not petroleum-derived and hence are green. A set of pyrolysis experiments was carried out at different temperatures, followed by a thorough step-by-step analysis of the product morphology, enabling the optimization of the graphitization conditions. A time-dependent morphological analysis was also carried out along with isothermal thermogravimetric studies to optimize the ideal pyrolysis time for graphitization. The specific capacitance of the graphene obtained from alginic acid was 315 F/g, which makes it fairly suitable for application as green supercapacitors. The same graphene was also used to fabricate a rubber-latex-based flexible supercapacitor film with 137 F/g specific capacitance. The graphene and graphene-based latex film exhibited room-temperature magnetic hysteresis, indicating their ferromagnetic nature, which also supports their spintronic applications.

A brief review on polymer nanocomposites and its applications

Nanomaterials have been the most studied in the last decade because of their wide applications. Nanomaterials are used in both industrial and domestic purposes. For example, zinc oxide (ZnO) is used in both industrial and domestic applications. Nanomaterials have evolved to nanocomposites and these composites have countless applications. Its applications gave them a winning positions in the world of material science. This article discusses about the synthesis and applications of polymer nanocomposites and its applications.

Metal–organic framework structure–property relationships for high-performance multifunctional polymer nanocomposite applications

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a new class of crystalline nanomaterials with ultrahigh porosities and high internal surface areas.

Polyacrylate-magnetite nanocomposite as a potential multifunctional additive for lube oil

The application of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) in lubricant industry has attracted considerable interest due to their much enhanced properties compared to neat polymers. In this study, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized. Then PNCs were prepared by reinforcing these NPs in the homopolymer of dodecyl acrylate in different percentages. The characterization of the prepared NPs and PNCs was done by different analytical techniques. Thermal stability is determined through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Performance evaluation of the PNCs as viscosity index improver, pour point depressant and antiwear additive was carried out by blending them with a mineral base stock at different percentage ratios. Standard ASTM methods are followed to carry out the evaluations. It is found that with increasing the percentage of nanocomposites in the base stock, the overall performance of the furnished lubricant is enhanced.

Comparative Study of the Hydrophobicity of Organo-Montmorillonite Modified with Cationic, Amphoteric and Nonionic Surfactants

In this work, a series of comparative studies for the effect of the nine commercially available cationic, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants on the structure and wettability of the montmorillonite based organoclays were performed. The pristine and modified clays were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and water contact angle (CA) measurements. It has been observed that the maximum basal spacing and the hydrophobicity of the organoclays increased with the alkyl chain length and chain number of the surfactant. It was found out that this effect is most pronounced when using cationic surfactants. The maximum value of contact angle corresponded to the organoclay obtained using di(hydrogenated tallow) ammonium chloride (DDA). The outcomes of this study are important and relevant to the preparation of effective organoclays for geotechnical, petroleum and polymer nanocomposite applications.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites

Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites