Applications In Pharmacy Research Articles

The impact of artificial intelligence on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacists across diverse settings: A cross-sectional study

The pharmacy practice landscape is undergoing a significant transformation with the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI). As essential members of the healthcare team, pharmacists’ readiness and willingness to adopt AI technologies is critical. This cross-sectional study explores pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding AI in various practice settings. Utilizing a descriptive survey methodology, we collected data through a structured questionnaire targeting pharmacists across diverse working environments. Statistical analyses were conducted to calculate KAP scores. Results revealed that 44.8 % of participants possessed a moderate level of knowledge about AI, while 49.1 % expressed positive attitudes toward its potential applications in pharmacy. However, their current practices related to AI were rated as adequate (57.3 %). Notably, a significant association was found between knowledge, attitudes, and practices (p < 0.001). This study provides valuable insights into pharmacists’ readiness to incorporate AI into their practice, emphasizing the need for targeted educational interventions to enhance knowledge and promote positive attitudes. Furthermore, efforts must be directed towards facilitating the integration of AI into pharmacy workflows to fully leverage this transformative technology and improve patient care outcomes.

Assessment of online pharmacy applications in India by employing the mobile application rating scale

IntroductionOver the past few years, the technology powering mobile devices such as smartphones has made significant progress. Furthermore, the healthcare industry is always progressing and actively embracing the latest technological advancements to achieve the highest level of efficiency. With the rising prevalence of smartphones and internet connection, customers are benefiting from reduced prices, convenient home delivery, and effortless accessibility through online pharmacies. Internet-based pharmacies facilitate the internet-based transaction of health-related products, such as drugs, dietary supplements, and various other wellbeing products.Objective of studyThe study assessed digital pharmacy applications in India using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) on Android and iOS devices, aiming to evaluate their quality.MethodsAn investigation examined the digital pharmacy applications in India that were accessible via the Android Market and App Store. The applications were assessed by two researchers using the MARS questionnaire, a tool that evaluates 23 variables categorized into five domains: Engagement, Functionality, Aesthetics, Information, and Subjective Quality. The grading system spanned from one to five for every category.ResultsA Google Play Store and App Store investigation revealed 40 online pharmacy apps in India, with 13 rejected. Seven were non-English language-related apps and seven were not downloaded. Thirteen were chosen and evaluated using the MARS Scale. The MARS demonstrated significant positive associations across its components, namely Engagement, Functionality, Aesthetics, and Information. Specifically, greater levels of user functionality were shown to be indicative of superior app aesthetics and engagement. The mean rating of the 13 apps fell between the range of 3.11 to 4.32 on a 5-point scale.ConclusionThis is the first study to utilize the MARS scale to assess the efficacy of online pharmacy applications in India. This research enhanced the functionality and quality of various online pharmacy applications utilized in India.

Induction and Characteristics of Callus Cultures of the Medicinal Plant Tussilago farfara L.

Tussilago farfara L. is a traditional medicinal plant valued for its potentially health-promoting metabolites. Its herbal raw material has been recognized and used since ancient times and continues to be widely used in traditional medicine. Introducing this plant species to in vitro cultivation is a challenging task, but once the protocol is developed, such cultures can provide an abundant and inexhaustible source of plant material. In this study, we report the successful induction and growth of vigorous T. farfara callus in vitro. Callus induction was achieved on MS solid media with the combination of indole-3-acetic acid (3 mg/L) and benzyl aminopurine (2 mg/L) in darkness, whereas it appeared inefficient under light conditions and in suspension culture. We present a detailed description of callus growth kinetics, morphological analysis, photosynthetic activity, and biochemical parameters (including protein content and photosynthetic pigments) supported by histological studies. Furthermore, we observed the potential for organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. This method for the in vitro propagation of T. farfara, along with callus culture maintenance, offers a wide range of applications in pharmacy for the production of valuable metabolites. Moreover, it could benefit the environment by reducing the depletion of natural populations of this species and may serve as an alternative strategy for species conservation in light of global warming.

Advances in Chitosan Derivatives: Preparation, Properties and Applications in Pharmacy and Medicine

Chitosan (CS) derivatives have been extensively investigated to enhance the physicochemical and biological properties of CS, such as its solubility, biocompatibility, and bioactivity, which are required in various areas of pharmacy and medicine. The present work emphasizes the ongoing research and development in this field, suggesting that the further exploration of CS derivatives could lead to innovative solutions that benefit society. The physicochemical properties, biological activities, methods of preparation, advantages, limitations, intended application areas, and realized practical implementations of particular CS derivatives are summarized and discussed herein. Despite the numerous promising attributes of CS derivatives as reported in this paper, however, challenges like target selectivity, standardization (purity, chitosan structural variability), and cost-effectiveness still need addressing for widespread implementation, especially in drug delivery. Therefore, basic research studies still prevail in CS drug delivery systems. However, for specific applications such as wound healing and tissue engineering, implementations of CS derivatives in practice are found to be more frequent. To obtain a more complex view of the topic, information from the scientific papers reviewed is supplemented with information from actual patents and clinical studies. Both basic research advances and the most successful and important medical implementations of CS derivatives are discussed concerning further challenges and future perspectives.

Proposed framework for medication delivery system in the Jordanian public health sector

BackgroundIn Jordan, the confluence of traffic congestion and overcrowding in public hospitals poses a significant challenge for patients to collect their medications timely. This challenge was further intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognizing this issue, the Ministry of Health (MOH) and Electronic Health Solutions (EHS) intend to establish a Medication Delivery System (MDS), designed to provide patients with home delivery of medications and ensure proper treatment. This paper outlines a comprehensive framework to guide requirements engineers in devising an effective MDS framework, with a focus on expediting the development and testing processes and mitigating the risks associated with constructing such a system.MethodThe proposed methodology entails a robust, structured approach to requirements development for an MDS that integrates an electronic health record system, billing system, pharmacy application, the patient-oriented My Hakeem app, and a delivery tracking system. The requirements elicitation and analysis processes were undertaken by a multidisciplinary committee from MOH and EHS teams, ensuring a diverse understanding of stakeholder needs and expectations. The requirement specifications were meticulously documented via a data dictionary, unified modeling language (UML), and context diagrams. The quality and accuracy of the requirements were verified through an extensive validation process, involving thorough review by various EHS teams and the MOH committee.ResultsThe MDS was implemented across numerous MOH facilities within a timeline that was a third of the original projection, leveraging the same level of resources and expertise. Post the requirements development phase, there were no changes requested by any stakeholders, indicating a high level of requirement accuracy and satisfaction.ConclusionThe study illustrates that our proposed methodology significantly results in a comprehensive, well-documented, and validated set of requirements, which streamlines the development and testing phases of the project and effectively eliminates requirement errors at an early stage of the requirements development process.

Enhancement of broadband terahertz trace absorption spectrum based on angular multiplexing of trapezoidal dielectric grating

Terahertz spectroscopy provide a fast, label-free, and non-destructive method for detecting bio-medical molecules, with wide applications in national security, pharmacy, and healthcare. However, detecting terahertz absorption spectra of trace analytes still faces significant challenges. In recent years, metamaterial parameter multiplexing technology has been used to detect the terahertz fingerprint spectra of trace substances. This paper proposes a new structure based on the angle-multiplexing enhancement principle of a trapezoidal dielectric grating to enhance the terahertz absorption spectra of thin-film analytes. By scanning the incident wave angle, a series of resonance absorption peaks can be obtained. The enhanced absorption spectrum formed by the envelope of absorption spectrum peaks increases by 141 times compared to directly measuring the absorption spectrum of the same film. This structure provides a new and effective means for terahertz trace detection using metamaterial parameter multiplexing technology.

Collagen and Its Derivatives Serving Biomedical Purposes: A Review.

Biomaterials have been the subject of extensive research, and their applications in medicine and pharmacy are expanding rapidly. Collagen and its derivatives stand out as valuable biomaterials due to their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and lack of toxicity and immunogenicity. This review comprehensively examines collagen from various sources, its extraction and processing methods, and its structural and functional properties. Preserving the native state of collagen is crucial for maintaining its beneficial characteristics. The challenges associated with chemically modifying collagen to tailor its properties for specific clinical needs are also addressed. The review discusses various collagen-based biomaterials, including solutions, hydrogels, powders, sponges, scaffolds, and thin films. These materials have broad applications in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing. Additionally, the review highlights current research trends related to collagen and its derivatives. These trends may significantly influence future developments, such as using collagen-based bioinks for 3D bioprinting or exploring new collagen nanoparticle preparation methods and drug delivery systems.

[Translated article] The role of artificial intelligence in scientific publishing: perspectives from hospital pharmacy

The article examines the impact of artificial intelligence on scientific writing, with a particular focus on its application in hospital pharmacy. It analyses artificial intelligence tools that enhance information retrieval, literature analysis, writing quality, and manuscript drafting.Chatbots like Consensus, along with platforms such as Scite and SciSpace, enable precise searches in scientific databases, providing evidence-based responses and references. SciSpace facilitates the generation of comparative tables and the formulation of queries regarding studies, while ResearchRabbit maps the scientific literature to identify trends. Tools like DeepL and ProWritingAid improve writing quality by correcting grammatical, stylistic, and plagiarism errors. A.R.I.A. enhances reference management, and Jenny AI assists in overcoming writer's block. Python libraries such as langchain enable advanced semantic searches and the creation of agents.Despite their benefits, artificial intelligence raises ethical concerns including biases, misinformation, and plagiarism. The importance of responsible use and critical review by experts is emphasised. In hospital pharmacy, artificial intelligence can enhance efficiency and precision in research and scientific communication. Pharmacists can use these tools to stay updated, enhance the quality of their publications, optimise information management, and facilitate clinical decision-making.In conclusion, artificial intelligence is a powerful tool for hospital pharmacy, provided it is used responsibly and ethically.

End-to-End Technologies in Medicine, Pharmacy and Biology

The article raises the topical issue of the use of end-to-end technologies for medicine, pharmacy, and biology. The analysis of the use of new technologies in these areas is carried out at the present time. The authors are looking for ways to solve the problem of teaching humanities and natural sciences at a medical university using the capabilities of modern technologies. A random sampling method using the capabilities of Goole forms was used to conduct a survey of 2nd year students of the medical university and teachers working with them. The level of training, the needs of students for new knowledge on modern end-to-end technologies, and the possibilities of implementing training programs are discussed. The survey showed that despite the widespread introduction of end-to-end technologies, the knowledge of students and teachers in this area is extremely limited. Students have a need to acquire new knowledge that can be applied in their future profession. Several solutions to the problem of teaching student’s new technologies and their practical application in medicine, pharmacy, and biology are proposed. The survey also showed that there are two possible options: 1) the introduction of a separate optional course into the curriculum; 2) teachers can talk about the possibilities of new technologies and their use during the study of the discipline. For effective teaching, teachers must improve their skills in a timely manner by taking courses. With an integrated approach, a quick and effective solution to the task is possible.

Three-Dimensional Printing of PVA Capsular Devices for Applications in Compounding Pharmacy: Effect of Design Parameters on Pharmaceutical Performance.

The creation of products with personalized or innovative features in the pharmaceutical sector by using innovative technologies such as three-dimensional (3D) printing is particularly noteworthy, especially in the realm of compounding pharmacies. In this work, 3D printed capsule devices (CDs) with different wall thicknesses (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.9 mm) and sizes were designed and successfully fabricated varying printing parameters such as extrusion temperature, printing speed, material flow percent, and nozzle diameter. The physicochemical, pharmaceutical, and biopharmaceutical performance of these CDs was evaluated with the aim of achieving an immediate drug release profile comparable to hard gelatin capsules (HGC) for use in magistral compounding. It was observed that the disintegration time of the CDs increased with wall thickness, which correlated with a slower drug release rate. CDs with configurations presenting 0.4 mm wall thickness and sizes comparable to HGC n° 0, 1, and 2 demonstrated satisfactory weight uniformity, short disintegration times, and immediate drug release, indicating their potential as effective devices in future compounding pharmacy applications. In addition, a modified Weibull-type model was proposed that incorporates wall thickness as a new variable in predicting dissolution profiles. This model improves the process of selecting a specific wall thickness to achieve the desired dissolution rate within a specified time frame.

El rol de la inteligencia artificial en la publicación científica: perspectivas desde la farmacia hospitalaria

The article examines the impact of artificial intelligence on scientific writing, with a particular focus on its application in hospital pharmacy. It analyzes artificial intelligence tools that enhance information retrieval, literature analysis, writing quality, and manuscript drafting.Chatbots like Consensus, along with platforms such as Scite and SciSpace, enable precise searches in scientific databases, providing evidence-based responses and references. SciSpace facilitates the generation of comparative tables and the formulation of queries regarding studies, while ResearchRabbit maps the scientific literature to identify trends. Tools like DeepL and ProWritingAid improve writing quality by correcting grammatical, stylistic, and plagiarism errors. A.R.I.A. enhances reference management, and Jenny AI assists in overcoming writer's block. Python libraries such as LangChain enable advanced semantic searches and the creation of agents.Despite their benefits, artificial intelligence raises ethical concerns including biases, misinformation, and plagiarism. The importance of responsible use and critical review by experts is emphasized. In hospital pharmacy, artificial intelligence can enhance efficiency and precision in research and scientific communication. Pharmacists can use these tools to stay updated, enhance the quality of their publications, optimize information management, and facilitate clinical decision-making.In conclusion, artificial intelligence is a powerful tool for hospital pharmacy, provided it is used responsibly and ethically.

A novel application of Chlorella sorokiniana for green hydrogen production via microbial electrolysis and Waste Biorefinery

Waste biorefineries have significant potential to utilize microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) to convert waste into energy carriers and bioproducts with added value, potentially resulting in a carbon- and energy-negative system. Various feedstocks (such as sodium acetate, glucose, glycerol, and wastewater) are used in MEC for biohydrogen production. This study used the three different wastewaters as substrates in the MEC for biohydrogen production. The remaining dried microalgal biomass was then analyzed to identify value-added compounds. Under conditions of 18±3°C, domestic wastewater (DWW) produced maximum biohydrogen (22.78±0.25 mL/L). Combined domestic wastewater and algal extracted supernatant (CDAES) resulted in a higher yield (30.82±0.25 mL/L), and modified wastewater (MWW) exhibited the highest production (40.86±0.25 mL/L). The biohydrogen production values in this study exceed those reported in the latest research, considering the applied voltage of 0.5 V. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed the formation of rod-shaped and round-shaped microbial communities on the anode surface. The cultivation conditions for Chlorella sorokiniana in a multi-cultivator system were set (23–26°C, 98 μmol m−2 s−1, pH 7.0 ± 0.5, and CO2 0.04 %). The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of dried algal biomass has revealed eighteen bioactive compounds with diverse applications in pharmacy, food, and cosmetics. Thus, the algal extracted supernatant incorporated into wastewater demonstrated an innovative and economical feedstock for MEC. Additionally, bioactive compounds play a prominent role in the success of integration technologies, opening a new avenue for research.

Raman spectroscopic imaging – practical applications in industrial pharmacy and medical diagnostics: a review.

Currently, Raman imaging as a non-destructive technique providing knowledge on structural characterization of the investigated samples is gaining more and more interest among industrial formulation and process scientists. In the pharmaceutical sector, the creation of novel products and formulations necessitates flexible and adaptable analysis, and increasingly also imaging capabilities. In this paper, the attention is directed toward the research progress, that has occurred in the application of non-invasive Raman chemical imaging techniques in industrial pharmacy and medical diagnostics in recent years. This work aims to explore the potential of Raman imaging as a knowledge discovery method for the non-destructive evaluation of pharmaceutical formulations as well as human cells to support medical diagnostics in clinical practice. A review of the latest scientific papers indicates that the applications of Raman imaging in pharmaceutical sciences and medical diagnostics are diverse and far-reaching from ensuring the quality of pharmaceutical formulations to studying complex drug delivery systems, monitoring manufacturing processes, and medical diagnostics of cancers and other diseases. As technology continues to evolve, the integration of Raman imaging into pharmaceutical and clinical practices is expected to expand, providing new insights and solutions to the challenges faced by the pharmaceutical industry and medical diagnostics.

Vaccinium myrtillus L. Leaf Waste as a Source of Biologically Potent Compounds: Optimization of Polyphenol Extractions, Chemical Profile, and Biological Properties of the Extracts.

The aims of the present research include (1) optimization of extraction from Vaccinium myrtillus leaf waste via investigation of plant material:medium ratio, extraction medium, and extraction period, employing extractions at room and high temperatures, or using ultrasound and microwaves (M, HAE, UAE, and MAE, respectively), (2) physicochemical characterization, and (3) investigation of extract biological potential. The statistical analysis revealed that optimal levels of parameters for the greatest polyphenolic yield were a proportion of 1:30 g/mL, ethyl alcohol 50% (v/v) during 2 min of microwave irradiation. By LC-MS analysis, 29 phenolic components were detected; HAE showed the highest richness of almost all determined polyphenols, while chlorogenic acid and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide were dominant. All extracts showed a high inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth. The effect of different parameters on extracts' antioxidant capacity depended on the used tests. The extracts also showed a stimulative influence on keratinocyte viability and anti-inflammatory activity (proven in cell-based ELISA and erythrocyte stabilization assays). The extraction procedure significantly affected the extraction yield (MAE ≥ maceration ≥ UAE ≥ HAE), whereas conductivity, density, surface tension, and viscosity varied in a narrow range. The presented research provides evidence on the optimal extraction conditions and technique, chemical composition, and antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and keratinocyte viability properties of bilberry extracts for potential applications in pharmacy and cosmetics.

A Review on Interaction of Nanomaterials of Group-XIV (G14) Elements of the Periodic Table with Proteins and DNA: Applications in Biotechnology and Pharmacy

A Review on Interaction of Nanomaterials of Group-XIV (G14) Elements of the Periodic Table with Proteins and DNA: Applications in Biotechnology and Pharmacy

Antimicrobial, Herbicidal and pesticidal potential of Tunisian eucalyptus species: Chemoprofiling and biological evaluation

The Eucalyptus genus, characterized by its imposing stature and fragrant foliage, has been a source of fascination for humanity over the centuries. The focus of the present investigation was directed towards the essentials oils (EOs) of five Eucalyptus trees cultivated in Tunisia. The GC-MS analysis unveiled unique compositional profiles, a finding substantiated by both Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) conducted on the leaves EOs. These analyses resulted in the formation of discrete HCA clades, delineating 23 significant components. Notably, the percentage of eucalyptol emerged as the pivotal factor demarcating the separation between three distinct groups. The statistical analysis revealed a dose-dependent relationship in both phytotoxicity evaluation and antibacterial activity. The EOs from Eucalyptus loxophleba and E. salubris exhibited the highest phytotoxicity, inhibiting radical elongation and germination of various seeds, especially Sinapis arvensis and Raphanus sativus. The antimicrobial assessment demonstrated significant inhibitory effects of the EOs on bacterial strains, with MIC values spanning from 14 to exceeding 50 mg/ml. The EOs also affected biofilm formation and cellular metabolism, displaying varied efficacy among different Eucalyptus species against some bacterial strains. The EOs exhibited selective inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. E. campaspe EO showed the highest AChE activity, while E. loxophleba and E. salubris EOs were most potent toward α-amylase. E. loxophleba EO demonstrated notable activity against α-glucosidase. Overall, these findings provide important data about the diverse biological activities of Eucalyptus EOs, suggesting potential applications in agriculture, medicine, and pharmacy.

Quantitation of three benzimidazole compounds in milk combining effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with electrochemical detection using carbon nanotube-electropolymerized L-DOPA modified sensor

Benzimidazoles constitute a group of compounds known for their applications in pharmacy, agriculture and food industry. In recent decades, researchers have dedicated significant efforts to improving microextraction and detection methods that align with the principles of green analytical chemistry. In the present study, we have devised an effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method and built an electrochemical sensor for the detection of albendazole, fenbendazole, and thiabendazole using GCEs (glassy carbon electrode) modified with multiple walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and poly (L-Dopa) film, allowing benzimidazole detection in complex matrices such as milk. Optimization of the microextraction procedure and electrochemical performance of the sensor was done by response surface methodology. The electrochemical sensor enabled the detection of albendazole, fenbendazole, and thiabendazole in a range of 0.37 to 100 μg mL−1 with a detection limit ranged between 0.14 to 0.28 μg mL−1. The developed sensor was tested in commercial milk. Results show satisfactory analytical performance, achieving a sensitive and selective quantification, especially considering the complexity of the matrix in which it was applied. The newly created sensor facilitates the simultaneous quantitation of the desired analytes, delivering an exceptionally praiseworthy analytical performance with detection limits lower than most existing methods.

Design of a multi-category drug information integration platform for intelligent pharmacy management: A needs analysis study.

A drug store was never just an area to fill personal solution. Patients considered drug specialists to be counsels, somebody who could help them pick an over-the-counter treatment or understanding the portion and directions for a solution. Drug stores, similar to the remainder of the medical services business, are going through changes. Nowadays, one of the main highlights of any structure is the board. The executives give the refinement needed to wrap up any responsibility in a particular way. The executive framework of a drug store can be utilized to deal with most drug store related errands. This report has provided data on the best way to fabricate and execute a Pharmacy Management System. The primary objective of this system is to expand exactness, just as security and proficiency, in the drug shop. This undertaking is focused on the drug store area, determined to offer engaging and reasonable programming answers to assist them with modernizing to rival shops (helping out other equal modules in a similar examination program). This study will clarify the system's thoughts concerning the board issues and arrangements of a drug store. Likewise, this study covers the main parts of the Pharmacy application's investigation, execution, and look.

An Artificial Intelligence–Supported Medicinal Chemistry Project: An Example for Incorporating Artificial Intelligence Within the Pharmacy Curriculum

ObjectiveThis study aims to integrate and use AI to teach core concepts in a medicinal chemistry course and to increase the familiarity of pharmacy students with AI in pharmacy practice and drug development. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a multidisciplinary science that aims to build software tools that mimic human intelligence. AI is revolutionizing pharmaceutical research and patient care. Hence, it is important to include AI in pharmacy education to prepare a competent workforce of pharmacists with skills in this area. MethodsAI principles were introduced in a required medicinal chemistry course for first-year pharmacy students. An AI software, KNIME, was used to examine structure-activity relationships for 5 drugs. Students completed a data sheet that required comprehension of molecular structures and drug-protein interactions. These data were then used to make predictions for molecules with novel substituents using AI. The familiarity of students with AI was surveyed before and after this activity. ResultsThere was an increase in the number of students indicating familiarity with use of AI in pharmacy (before vs after: 25.3% vs 74.5%). The introduction of AI stimulated interest in the course content (> 60% of students indicated increased interest in medicinal chemistry) without compromising the learning outcomes. Almost 70% of students agreed that more AI should be taught in the PharmD curriculum. ConclusionThis is a successful and transferable example of integrating AI in pharmacy education without changing the main learning objectives of a course. This approach is likely to stimulate student interest in AI applications in pharmacy.

SISTEM INFORMASI APOTEK DARUL HAYYI MENGGUNAKAN MACRO MICROSOFT EXCEL

This study aims to find out how to design and create pharmacy applications using Microsoft Excel Macros at Darul Hayyi Pharmacy. The object of this research is Darul Hayyi Samarinda Pharmacy. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and literature studies. The analysis tool used is the Microsoft Excel Macros program. The results of this study show that by applying Microsoft Excel Macros to the pharmacy information system, it can provide several advantages such as facilitating work or activities related to the Darul Hayyi Pharmacy Information System, such as inputting master data, inputting over-the-counter drug sales activities and drug sales with a doctor's prescription, and purchasing drug supplies. The speed and accuracy of accessing data makes it easy to create the reports needed. And by using Microsoft Excel Macros can minimize errors that usually occur if done manually