Applications In Flexible Electronics Research Articles

Thiol Coordination Softens Liquid Metal Particles To Improve On-Demand Conductivity.

Achieving tunable rupturing of eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) particles holds great significance in flexible electronic applications, particularly pressure sensors. We tune the mechanosensitivity of EGaIn particles by preparing them in toluene with thiol surfactants and demonstrate an improvement over typical preparations in ethanol. We observe, across multiple length scales, that thiol surfactants and the nonpolar solvent synergistically reduce the applied stress requirements for electromechanical actuation. At the nanoscale, dodecanethiol and propanethiol in toluene suppress gallium oxide growth, as characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Quantitative AFM imaging produces force-indentation curves and height images, while conductive AFM measures current while probing individual EGaIn particles. As the applied force increases, thiolated particles demonstrate intensified softening, rupturing, and stress-induced electrical activation at forces 40% lower than those for bare particles in ethanol. To confirm that thiolation facilitates rupturing at the macroscale, a laser is used to ablate samples of EGaIn particles. Scanning electron microscopy and resistance measurements across macroscopic samples confirm that thiolated EGaIn particles coalesce to exhibit electrical activation at 0.1 W. Particles prepared in ethanol, however, require 3 times higher laser power to demonstrate a similar behavior. This unique collection of advanced techniques demonstrates that our particle synthesis conditions can facilitate on-demand functionality to benefit electronic applications.

Digital light processing based multimaterial 3D printing: challenges, solutions and perspectives

Abstract Multimaterial (MM) 3D printing shows great potential for application in metamaterials, flexible electronics, biomedical devices and robots, since it can seamlessly integrate distinctive materials into one printed structure. Among numerous MM 3D printing technologies, digital light processing (DLP) MM 3D printing is compatible with a wide range of materials from hydrogels to ceramics, and can print MM 3D structures with high resolution, high complexity and fast speed. This paper introduces the fundamental mechanisms of DLP 3D printing, and reviews the recent advances of DLP MM 3D printing technologies with emphasis on material switching methods and material contamination issues. It also summarizes a number of typical examples of DLP MM 3D printing systems developed in the past decade, and introduces their system structures, working principles, material switching methods, residual resin removal methods, printing steps, as well as the representative structures and applications. Finally, we provide perspectives on the directions of the further development of DLP MM 3D printing technology.

Halide Perovskite Inducing Anomalous Nonvolatile Polarization in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based Flexible Nanocomposites

Ferroelectric materials have important applications in transduction, data storage, and nonlinear optics. Inorganic ferroelectrics such as lead zirconate titanate possess large polarization, though they are rigid and brittle. Ferroelectric polymers are light weight and flexible, yet their polarization is low, bottlenecked at 10 μC cm−2. Here we show poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposite with only 0.94% of self-nucleated CH3NH3PbBr3 nanocrystals exhibits anomalously large polarization (~19.6 μC cm−2) while retaining superior stretchability and photoluminance, resulting in unprecedented electromechanical figures of merit among ferroelectrics. Comprehensive analysis suggests the enhancement is accomplished via delicate defect engineering, with field-induced Frenkel pairs in halide perovskite stabilized by the poled ferroelectric polymer through interfacial coupling. The strategy is general, working in poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) as well, and the nanocomposite is stable. The study thus presents a solution for overcoming the electromechanical dilemma of ferroelectrics while enabling additional optic-activity, ideal for multifunctional flexible electronics applications.

A comparative study of single and dual sintering processes of metal nanoparticles for flexible electronics application

The introduction of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) has revolutionized the fabrication of flexible electronic devices. Metallic NPs have numerous applications in the electronics industry due to their unique shape and size‐dependent properties compared to their bulk counterparts. However, the application of metallic NPs requires additional post‐processing procedures to remove stabilizing agents and additives, to achieve superior electrical conductivity. In this study, the sintering of printed metal NP patterns, including silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) NPs, fabricated on flexible polyimide substrates is explored using single and dual sintering methods. The single sintering methods involve exposing the printed metal NPs to either laser irradiation or thermal treatment. In the case of the dual sintering methods, one approach is to subject the printed metal patterns to thermal treatment followed by laser irradiation, while the other approach involves exposing the printed metal patterns to laser irradiation followed by thermal treatment. Moreover, this study identifies and compares the effects of these various sintering methods on the physical, electrical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the Ag and Cu NP patterns. Finally, the study suggests that dual sintering methods are more effective in improving the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the NP patterns under optimized sintering conditions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Van der Waals Epitaxial Growth of Ultrathin Indium Antimonide on Arbitrary Substrates Through Low-thermal Budget.

III-V semiconductors possess high mobility, high frequency response, and detection sensitivity, making them potentially attractive for beyond-silicon electronics applications. However, the traditional heteroepitaxy of III-V semiconductors is impeded by a significant lattice mismatch and the necessity for extreme vacuum and high temperature conditions due to the low saturated vapor pressures of their constituent metals, thereby impeding their in situ compatibility with flexible substrates and silicon-based circuits. In this study, we present a novel approach to fabricate ultrathin InSb single-crystal nanosheets on arbitrary substrates with a thickness as thin as 2.4nm using low-thermal-budget Van der Waals (vdW) epitaxy through chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In particular, we have successfully achieved in-situ growth on both silicon-based substrates and flexible polyimide substrates. Notably, the growth temperature required for InSb nanosheets (240°C) is significantly lower than that employed in back-end-of-line processes (400°C). The field effect transistor (FET) devices based on fabricated ultrathin InSb nanosheets exhibit ultra-high On-off ratio exceeding 108 and demonstrate minimal gate leakage currents. Furthermore, these ultrathin InSb nanosheet display p-type characteristics with hole mobilities reaching up to 203 cm2v-1s-1 at room temperatures. This study paves the way for achieving heterogeneous integration of III-V semiconductors, ensuring compatibility with existing integrated circuit architecture and facilitating their application in flexible electronics, thereby realizing the potential of III-V nanometer-scale logic transistors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Elastic films of single-crystal two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks.

The properties of polycrystalline materials are often dominated by defects, and two-dimensional (2D) crystals can even be divided and disrupted by a line defect1-3. In contrast, 2D crystals are often required to be processed into films, which are inevitably polycrystalline and contain numerous grain boundaries, and therefore are brittle and fragile, hindering application in flexible electronics, optoelectronics and separation1-4. Moreover, similar to glass, wood, and plastics, they suffer from trade-off effects between mechanical strength and toughness.5, 6 Here, we report a method to produce highly strong, tough and elastic films of an emerging class of 2D crystals - 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) composed of single-crystal domains connected by interwoven grain boundary on water surface using an aliphatic bi-amine as a sacrificial go-between. Films of two 2DCOFs were demonstrated, which showed Young's moduli and breaking strength of 56.7 ± 7.4 GPa and 73.4 ± 11.6 GPa, and 82.2 ± 9.1 N/m and 29.5 ± 7.2 N/m, respectively. We envisage the sacrificial go-between guided synthesis method and the interwoven grain boundary will inspire grain boundary enigineering of various polycrystalline materials, endowing them with new properties, enhancing their current applications and paving the way for new applications.

Constructing 3D Zincophilic Skeleton in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Hybrid Fibers for Dendrite-Free Zn Anodes.

The Zn dendrite growth and side reactions are two major issues for the practical use of Zn metal anodes (ZMAs). Herein, an N-doped carbon-based hybrid fiber with the 3D porous skeleton and the zincophilic Cu nanoparticles (denoted as Cu@HLCF) is developed for stable ZMAs. The zincophilic Cu particles in the skeleton work as the active sites to facilitate uniform Zn nucleation. Meanwhile, the abundant pores in the framework of the hybrid fibers provide a large space to relieve the structural stress and suppress the dendrite growth. Moreover, the good mechanical characteristics of the hybrid fiber ensure its high potential applications for flexible electronics. Theoretical analysis results disclose the strong interaction between Zn and Cu sites, and experimental results demonstrate the low voltage hysteresis, high reversibility, and dendrite-free behavior of the Cu@HLCF host for Zn plating/stripping. Moreover, the solid-state Zn-ion battery (ZIB) assembled with a Cu@HLCF/Zn anode shows the prominent flexibility, impressively reliability, and outstanding cycling capability. Therefore, this work not only provides a novel design for the efficient and stable Zn metal anode but also promotes the development of flexible power sources for flexible electronics.

Highly flexible and uniform switching of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)based RRAM achieved through Ag NWs embedded for high-density storage

A super-flexible resistive random access memory (RRAM) based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) embedded with Ag nanowires (Ag NWs) is fabricated on a piece of aluminum foil. In the design, the aluminum foil is used as the substrate as well as the electrode, which not only solves the flexibility of the device, but also greatly reduces the volume of the device, helpful to realize high-density integration. The uniformity of the device is greatly improved after the modification of the Ag NWs. The fluctuation range of the Set voltage (Vset) / Reset voltage (Vreset) is reduced from 0.9~2.78 V/ −0.45∼-1.25 V to 1.14∼1.35 V/-1 ∼0.5 V. What’s more, the average Vset / Vreset is decreased from 2.5 V/-1.25 V to 1.2 V/-0.7 V. Also, the multilevel switching potential of the device is confirmed by controlling the reset voltage((-0.5, −0.7, and −1.0 V). After repetitive 1000 bendings of the device with a radius of 6 mm, a stable memory window of more than 103 is still detected during 300 continuous cycles. No degradation is observed from the two resistance states at 85 °C after 104 s. These results clearly demonstrate that the device has a broad application prospect in the future application of flexible electronics due to its simple and thin structure, low cost, excellent flexibility and good uniformity.

Wireless Sensor System Based on Organohydrogel Ionic Skin for Physiological Activity Monitoring.

Supermolecular hydrogel ionic skin (i-skin) linked with smartphones has attracted widespread attention in physiological activity detection due to its good stability in complex scenarios. However, the low ionic conductivity, inferior mechanical properties, poor contact adhesion, and insufficient freeze resistance of most used hydrogels limit their practical application in flexible electronics. Herein, a novel multifunctional poly(vinyl alcohol)-based conductive organohydrogel (PCEL5.0%) with a supermolecular structure was constructed by innovatively employing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) as reinforcement material, ethylene glycol as antifreeze, and lithium chloride as a water retaining agent. Thanks to the synergistic effect of these components, the PCEL5.0% organohydrogel shows excellent performance in terms of ionic conductivity (1.61 S m-1), mechanical properties (tensile strength of 70.38 kPa and elongation at break of 537.84%), interfacial adhesion (1.06 kPa to pig skin), frost resistance (-50.4 °C), water retention (67.1% at 22% relative humidity), and remoldability. The resultant PCEL5.0%-based i-skin delivers satisfactory sensitivity (GF = 1.38) with fast response (348 ms) and high precision under different deformations and low temperature (-25 °C). Significantly, the wireless sensor system based on the PCEL5.0% organohydrogel i-skin can transmit signals from physiological activities and sign language to a smartphone by Bluetooth technology and dynamically displays the status of these movements. The organohydrogel i-skin shows great potential in diverse fields of physiological activity detection, human-computer interaction, and rehabilitation medicine.

Spider silk-inspired supramolecular polydimethylsiloxane network with prominent mechanical robustness for bifunctional flexible electronics

Self-healing and recyclable polymer elastomers are being developed to provide new prospects in building sustainable societies. Nevertheless, the synthesis of such materials still poses a significant difficulty because of the conflicting requirements between the self-healing ability and mechanical robustness for the dynamicity of crosslinks. Herein, a self-healing and recyclable supramolecular polydimethylsiloxane with outstanding tensile stress and ultrahigh mechanical toughness is constructed by synergistically incorporating dynamic disulfide bonds and multiple hydrogen bonds into a siloxane chain. The adipic dihydrazide (AD) bearing two hydrazide groups was appropriate introduced to provide multiple hydrogen bonding sites between polymer chains and improve the mechanical robustness of the crosslinked structure. The aromatic disulfide bonds contribute to shorter healing time due to the elevated dynamicity of the crosslinked network. The resulting elastomers exhibit high tensile strength (6.44 ± 0.24 MPa), distinguished toughness (37.00 ± 0.85 MJ m−3), superior elastic restorability, outstanding self-healing capability (∼86 %) and multiple recyclability. Furthermore, a bifunctional sensor based on this elastomer is constructed to monitor human motions and pressure changes, demonstrating the potential application in flexible stretchable electronics.

Flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor based on a graphene-carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane composite

Flexible sensors are used widely in wearable devices, specifically flexible piezoresistive sensors, which are common and easy to manipulate. However, fabricating such sensors is expensive and complex, so proposed here is a simple fabrication approach involving a sensor containing microstructures replicated from a sandpaper template onto which polydimethylsiloxane containing a mixture of graphene and carbon nanotubes is spin coated. The surface morphologies of three versions of the sensor made using different grades of sandpaper are observed, and the corresponding pressure sensitivities and linearity and hysteresis characteristics are assessed and analyzed. The results show that the sensor made using 80-mesh sandpaper has the best sensing performance. Its sensitivity is 0.341 kPa−1 in the loading range of 0–1.6 kPa, it responds to small external loading of 100 Pa with a resistance change of 10%, its loading and unloading response times are 0.126 and 0.2 s, respectively, and its hysteresis characteristic is ∼7%, indicating that the sensor has high sensitivity, fast response, and good stability. Thus, the presented piezoresistive sensor is promising for practical applications in flexible wearable electronics.

Laser-assisted synthesis of MnOx and 3D graphene composites for wide-voltage flexible planar microcapacitors

Herein, we propose a simple and eco-friendly strategy based on laser direct writing technology to regulate the valence state of Mn-based oxides nanoparticles anchored on three-dimensional(3D) framework of laser-induced graphene (LIG) for the application of high-performance flexible planar interdigital microsupercapacitors (MSCs). Under the laser radiation, a polyimide (PI) and MnO2 composite film was directly converted into 3D graphene and MnOx (MnO, MnO2 and Mn3O4 mixture). Furthermore, the results reveal that LIG/MnOx MSCs device exhibits a high specific capacitance of 23.3 mF cm−2, which is about 29 times higher than that of LIG MSCs (0.8 mF cm−2). Moreover, LIG/MnOx MSCs possess a high energy density of 7.28 μWh cm−2, outstanding cycle stability with the capacitance retention rate of 97.4 % after 10,000 cycles, and excellent mechanical flexibility. Therefore, this preparation strategy of LIG/MnOx provides a reference for the performance regulation of Mn-based oxides and the low-cost construction of MSCs devices with high energy density, which carries significant research implications for diverse flexible wearable electronic applications in the forthcoming days.

Self-aligned, inkjet-printed resistors on flexible substrates with excellent mechanical stability, high yield, and low variance

Resistors are basic yet essential circuit components that must be fabricated with high precision at low cost if they are to be viable for flexible electronic applications. Inkjet printing is one of many additive fabrication techniques utilized to realize this goal. In this work, a process termed self-aligned capillarity-assisted lithography for electronics (SCALE) was used to fabricate inkjet-printed resistors on flexible substrates. Capillary channels and reservoirs imprinted onto flexible substrates enabled precise control of resistor geometry and straightforward alignment of materials. More than 300 devices were fabricated using poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the resistive material and silver as the electrode material. By varying PEDOT:PSS ink formulation and resistor geometry, resistances spanning from 170 Ω to 3.8 MΩ were achieved. Over 98% of devices were functional and the relative standard deviation in resistance ranged from 3% to 18% depending on resistor length and ink composition. The resistors showed no significant change in resistance after 10 000 cycles of bend testing at 1.6% surface tensile strain. In summary, this work demonstrated a fully roll-to-roll compatible process for inkjet printing resistors with superior properties.

Supramolecular hydrogels mediated by cucurbit[6]uril-modified Fe3O4 with self-healing, photothermal responsiveness and stretchability for flexible electronics

The development of supramolecular hydrogels with multifunction is in high demand. In this work, Fe3O4 hybrid supramolecular hydrogels were fabricated via dynamic host–guest interactions between the host molecule CB[6] and guest units. The “supramolecular crosslinker” formed by CB[6]-modified Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@CB[6]) nanoparticles, was used to generate a 3D network of supramolecular hydrogels. Results indicate that the tensile stress of the sample is 0.31 MPa, and the self-healing efficiency of the supramolecular hydrogels at room temperature is nearly 100% (fracture strain) after 48 h. The hydrogels exhibited a self-healing property without a loss of conductivity. Furthermore, these supramolecular hydrogels were used to detect the bending of human fingers and knees. The hybrid supramolecular hydrogels with photothermal responsiveness, self-healing, injectability, stretchability, conductive ability and biocompatibility, can find applications in flexible electronics.

Enhancing Electrical Conductivity and Power Factor in Poly‐Glycol‐Bithienylthienothiophene with Oligoethylene Glycol Side Chains Through Tris (pentafluorophenyl) Borane Doping

AbstractDoping of organic semiconductors has served as an effective method to achieve high electrical conductivity and large thermoelectric power factor. This is of importance to the development of flexible/wearable electronics and green energy‐harvesting technologies. The doping impact of the Lewis acid tris (pentafluorophenyl) borane (BCF) on the thermoelectric performance of poly(2‐(4,4′‐bis(2‐methoxyethoxy)‐5′‐methyl‐[2,2′‐bithiophen]‐5‐yl)‐5‐methylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (pgBTTT), a thiophene‐based polymer featuring oligoethylene glycol side chains is investigated. Tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ), a well‐established dopant, is utilized as a comparison; however, its inability to co‐dissolve with pgBTTT in less polar solvents hinders the attainment of higher doping levels. Consequently, a comparative study is performed on the thermoelectric behavior of pgBTTT doped with BCF and F4TCNQ at a very low doping level. Subsequent investigation is carried out with BCF at higher doping levels. Remarkably, at 50 wt% BCF doping level, the highest power factor of 223 ± 4 µW m−1 K2 is achieved with an electrical conductivity of 2180 ± 360 S cm−1 and a Seebeck coefficient of 32 ± 1.3 µV K−1. This findings not only contribute valuable insights to the dopant interactions with oxygenated side chain polymers but also open up new avenues for high conductivity thermoelectric polymers in flexible electronic applications.

Mitigating the Overheat of Stretchable Electronic Devices Via High-Enthalpy Thermal Dissipation of Hydrogel Encapsulation.

The practical application of flexible and stretchable electronics is significantly influenced by their thermal and chemical stability. Elastomer substrates and encapsulation, due to their soft polymer chains and high surface-area-to-volume ratio, are particularly susceptible to high temperatures and flame. Excessive heat poses a severe threat of damage and decomposition to these elastomers. By leveraging water as a high enthalpy dissipating agent, here, a hydrogel encapsulation strategy is proposed to enhance the flame retardancy and thermal stability of stretchable electronics. The hydrogel-based encapsulation provides thermal protection against flames for more than 10 s through the evaporation of water. Further, the stretchability and functions automatically recover by absorbing air moisture. The incorporation of hydrogel encapsulation enables stretchable electronics to maintain their functions and perform complex tasks, such as fire saving in soft robotics and integrated electronics sensing. With high enthalpy heat dissipation, encapsulated soft electronic devices are effectively shielded and retain their full functionality. This strategy offers a universal method for flame retardant encapsulation of stretchable electronic devices.

Highly Transparent and Flexible Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes‐Polyimide Films with Enhanced Electrical Performance as Promising Electrodes

AbstractTransparent and light films with high electrical conductivity are preferred for flexible electronic applications. In this work, a film exhibiting high transparency, electrical conductivity, and flexibility is produced using a polyimide (PI) substrate and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) through spray coating. Cost‐effective MWCNTs are used instead of other electrically conductive materials, including silver nanowire (AgNW) ink, SWCNTs, and other carbon materials. The average sheet resistance of the prepared MWCNT‐PI film is 520.2 Ω/□ (infinite for the bare PI film), which is lower than the sheet resistances of the SWCNT‐PI film reported by another group. This could be attributed to the increase in electrical conductivity of the highly transparent PI film due to the use of MWCNTs. The transparency of the MWCNT‐PI film is 71.834% at 550 nm. When MWCNTs and PI are combined, MWCNTs protrude from the surface of the PI film, creating networks and increasing electrical conductivity. Atomic force microscopy analysis revealed that MWCNT networks formed on the surface of the MWCNT‐PI film. This study suggests the possibility that MWCNTs can also be used as carbon materials for flexible and highly transparent films. Ω/□This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Highly Transparent and Long‐Term Stable Dielectric Elastomer Composites Enabled by Poly(ionic liquid) Inclusion

AbstractThe demand for high‐performance flexible electronic devices has propelled research toward dielectric elastomer composites that exhibit excellent stretchability, high dielectric constant, exceptional transparency, and enduring stability. Compositing with soft fillers is an emerging method that can increase the dielectric constant of the materials while retaining good flexibility. However, liquid metals inclusion results in opaque composites while liquid electrolytes inclusion brings issues with long‐term stability. In this study, compositing polymeric ionic liquids with elastomeric matrix is proposed to address these requisites. Benefiting from adjustable refractive index, high ionic conductivity, softness, and excellent stability, the prepared dielectric elastomer composites exhibit remarkable transparency, excellent elasticity, and increased dielectric constants. Notably, the composites demonstrate resilience to high temperatures up to 250 °C without compromising dielectric or mechanical properties. Furthermore, the composites retain all properties after prolonged exposure at 80 °C for 6 months, highlighting the potential for sustained performance in real‐world applications. Utilizing the exceptional characteristics of polymeric ionic liquid including dielectric elastomers, strain sensors, and alternating current electroluminescence devices are demonstrated, which also presents excellent stability over prolonged use, emphasizing the reliability and long‐term stability of the composites, and showcasing potentials for multifaceted applications in flexible electronics.

Flexible Complementary Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Inverter Based on 2D p‐type WSe2 and n‐type MoS2

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are a promising class of two‐dimensional (2D) materials for flexible electronic applications due to their low integration temperature, good electronic properties, and excellent mechanical flexibility. Moreover, TMDCs offer the possibility of co‐integrating both n‐ and p‐type transistors on the same substrate, enabling the realization of complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. In this study, n‐type MoS2 field‐effect transistors (FETs), and p‐type WSe2‐FETs integrated on a flexible foil substrate fabricated by standard thin‐film technology are presented. These devices exhibit high stability in their electronic operation under strain and repeated bending cycles. A CMOS inverter based on these transistors is also successfully demonstrated, which shows excellent switching behaviour with high gain (up to 100), high noise margin (0.87 · VDD), and low average static power consumption (40 pW).

Long lifetimes white afterglow in slightly crosslinked polymer systems

Intrinsic polymer room-temperature phosphorescence (IPRTP) materials have attracted considerable attention for application in flexible electronics, information encryption, lighting displays, and other fields due to their excellent processabilities and luminescence properties. However, achieving multicolor long-lived luminescence, particularly white afterglow, in undoped polymers is challenging. Herein, we propose a strategy of covalently coupling different conjugated chromophores with poly(acrylic acid (AA)-AA-N-succinimide ester) (PAA-NHS) by a simple and rapid one-pot reaction to obtain pure polymers with long-lived RTPs of various colors. Among these polymers, the highest phosphorescence quantum yield of PAPHE reaches 14.7%. Furthermore, the afterglow colors of polymers can be modulated from blue to red by introducing three chromophores into them. Importantly, the acquired polymer TPAP-514 exhibits a white afterglow at room temperature with the chromaticity coordinates (0.33, 0.33) when the ratio of chromophores reaches a suitable value owing to the three-primary-color mechanism. Systematic studies prove that the emission comes from the superposition of different triplet excited states of the three components. Moreover, the potential applications of the obtained polymers in light-emitting diodes and dynamic anti-counterfeiting are explored. The proposed strategy provides a new idea for constructing intrinsic polymers with diverse white-light emission RTPs.