This study conducts a study on edge computing technology, focusing on the advantages of edge computing technology and its applications, and delves into the edge computing architecture, which leads to an in-depth study on the construction of a 5G special town model. Based on the existing 5G characteristic town construction model, this study proposes a new model of edge computing and proposes an application partitioning algorithm based on this model by analyzing the edge computing scheduling scenarios to minimize the total time cost of the system. By analyzing the edge computing scheduling scenarios, an application partitioning algorithm based on this model is proposed, so that the total time cost of the system is minimized. This study analyzes and studies the current situation of infrastructure construction, and investment in the special town analyzes the significance and purpose of its construction and develops the research method and technical route of this study as a result. Then, the connotation of characteristic town and infrastructure is elaborated, and the value, characteristics, and role of infrastructure construction of characteristic town are analyzed; the influencing factors of infrastructure investment in characteristic town are analyzed; the development of the characteristic town has endless potential, and the development of characteristic town must meet the demand of social economy as well as town population for infrastructure support. However, there are more risk factors for infrastructure investment in characteristic towns, and the investment risk is larger than general projects, so it is necessary to strengthen risk management and do a good job of investment protection.