Application Of Various Combinations Research Articles

Conjoint Application of Lime, Organics, Inorganic Fertilizers, and Bio-fertilizers Increases Groundnut Productivity, Available Phosphorus and Microbial Biomass Phosphorus in Acidic Soil of Tripura, India

In Tripura, India the soil productivity is less due to its light texture, acidic in nature, low fertility status, low microbial activity. Thus, a field experiment on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was carried out on acidic soil of Khowai district of Tripura during 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the impact of the application of various combinations of lime, farm yard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), and rhizobium with the recommended doses of NPK on groundnut productivity, available phosphorus (P) and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) content of acidic experimental soil. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design (RBD) with 13 treatments with various combinations of application of lime, farm yard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), and rhizobium with the recommended doses (RD) of NPK, each having 3 replications. Both initial and post-harvest soil samples were collected and analyzed to estimate the available P and MBP content. Results indicated that the use of the different combinations of the RD of NPK accompanied by the application of lime, organic manure (FYM or PM) and seed treatment with Rhizobium significantly increased available P and MBP content in the post-harvest soil which has resulted in increased seed yield of groundnut compared to the RD of NPK alone. Again, the use of RD of NPK @ 20:60:40 kg ha-1 conjointly with lime (@ 1/5th LR), PM (@ 5 t ha-1), and treating the seeds with Rhizobium @ 20 g kg-1 of seed might be recommended to the growers in achieving higher groundnut productivity with better return in acid soil of Tripura, India, as it showed maximum enhancement in groundnut productivity as well as available P2O5 content in post-harvest soil.

Influence of sorghum flour on the rheological properties of semi-finished wheat product

Rheological processes are associated with irreversible residual deformations and flow of various plastic and viscous materials, stress and relaxation phenomena. In the food industry ingredients, semi-finished products and finished products have different rheological properties. These properties depend on various factors: substance composition, humidity, temperature, intensity and duration of thermal and mechanical effects. Study and application of various combinations of such effects in production can provide a given level of rheological characteristics throughout the entire technological process, which will stabilize product quality, increase yield and obtain finished products of constant, specified quality.The purpose of the research was to study the rheological properties of semi-finished products from a composite mixture of wheat and sorghum flour.The objects of the research were samples of semi-finished products containing 10, 20, 30, 40% of sorghum flour. The control sample contained 100% wheat flour of the highest grade.Mixolab device was used during testing to determine the water absorption capacity of the composite mixture, the rheological properties of the dough during kneading and heating. The state of the proteinproteinase (at temperatures from +20 to +50°C) and carbohydrate-amylase (at temperatures from +60 to +90°C) complexes of the baking mixture was studied on one sample of the sem-finished product.It was found that samples containing sorghum flour had a more stable dough, compared with the control sample, that was indicated by an increase in the dough stability time from 10,93 to 11,62 minutes. Also, with an increase in the amount of sorghum flour in the baking mixture from 10 to 30%, the starch retrogradation index decreased to 4,99 H*m in comparison with the control one – 5,71 H*m, which indicated an increase in the freshness time of the finished product.The results of the research can be used to create recipes for new products; development of technologies for the production of bakery, flour confectionery products; determination and quality control of finished products and semi-finished products.

Application of Lineage Tracing in Central Nervous System Development and Regeneration.

The central nervous system (CNS) is a complicated neural network. The origin and evolution of functional neurons and glia cells remain unclear, as do the cellular alterations that occur during the course of cerebral disease rehabilitation. Lineage tracing is a valuable method for tracing specific cells and achieving a better understanding of the CNS. Recently, various technological breakthroughs have been made in lineage tracing, such as the application of various combinations of fluorescent reporters and advances in barcode technology. The development of lineage tracing has given us a deeper understanding of the normal physiology of the CNS, especially the pathological processes. In this review, we summarize these advances of lineage tracing and their applications in CNS. We focus on the use of lineage tracing techniques to elucidate the process CNS development and especially the mechanism of injury repair. Deep understanding of the central nervous system will help us to use existing technologies to diagnose and treat diseases.

Nitrile Oxide, Alkenes, Dipolar Cycloaddition, Isomerization and Metathesis Involved in the Syntheses of 2-Isoxazolines.

The involvement of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1,3-DP), double bond migration, metathesis, and nitrile oxide (including in situ-generated nitrile oxide) as dipoles, together with the C=C bond containing dipolarophiles, in the syntheses of 2-isoxazolines is presented. Methods for synthesizing isoxazolines (other than 1,3-DP cycloaddition) were also presented briefly. Various methods of nitrile oxide preparation, especially in situ-generated procedures, are presented. Special attention was paid to the application of various combinations of 1,3-DP cycloaddition with double bond migration (DBM) and with alkene metathesis (AM) in the syntheses of trisubstituted isoxazolines. Allyl compounds of the type QCH2CH=CH2 (Q = ArO, ArS, Ar, and others) play the role of dipolarophile precursors in the combinations of DPC mentioned, DBM and AM. Mechanistic aspects of cycloadditions, i.e., concerted or stepwise reaction mechanism and their regio- and stereoselectivity are also discussed from experimental and theoretical points of view. Side reactions accompanying cycloaddition, especially nitrile oxide dimerization, are considered. 2-Isoxazoline applications in organic synthesis and their biological activity, broad utility in medicine, agriculture, and other fields were also raised. Some remaining challenges in the field of 1,3-DP cycloaddition in the syntheses of isoxazolines are finally discussed.

Assessing Worldwide Research Activity on ICT in Climate Change Using Scopus Database: A Bibliometric Analysis

Internet and Communication Technology (ICT) tools have been already introduced in every aspect of environmental science. Regarding climate change, research trends and developments on ICT help realize how ICT evolved and its potential future role in climate change. This study aimed to assess ICT solutions in climate change research trends using the Scopus database, bibliometric indicators, and network visualization. After a preliminary application of various combinations, the phrase “ICT and climate change” was used with language selection “English” from 01/01/1999 to 01/12/2021. A collection of 453 articles published in scientific journals and conference proceedings was revealed, which allowed the visualization mapping of the research agenda in the field of ICT and climate change. The most relevant topics are related to Computer Science, Engineering, Environmental and Social sciences. It has been found that a significant amount of documents were published after 2008. The Royal Institute of Technology-KTH was the most productive institution, followed by the Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche and the Universitetet I Oslo. In addition, the dominant countries in the respective research area were the United Kingdom, Italy, United States, India and Sweden. According to citations, most of the published research activity emerged in various journals, like Environment and Planning, Cities and Energies. It was possible to spot past trends and ongoing development, intending to introduce ICT tools in climate change impacts and examine the issues expected to be pertinent in the future.

Growth Response of Edamame Soybeans on Various Combination Packages of Single and Compound Inorganic Fertilizers

The many types of inorganic fertilizers cause us to have to choose the right type of inorganic fertilizer for the type and phase of plant growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the best combination of inorganic fertilizers that could increase the growth of edamame soybeans. The treatment was a combination of various types of inorganic fertilizer applications, namely: Control: organic basic fertilizer 2 t/ha + dolomite fertilizer 1 t ha-1 (P0), Urea 100 kg ha-1 + SP-36 150 kg ha-1 + KCL 100 kg ha-1 (P1), compound NPK 300 kg ha-1 (P2), compound NPK 150 kg ha-1 + Urea 50 kg ha-1 + SP-36 75 kg ha-1 + KCL 50 kg ha-1 (P3), Urea 100 kg ha-1 + SP-36 150 kg ha-1 + KCL 100 kg ha-1 + Gandasil B fertilizer (6 g 1-1 water) (P4), 300 kg ha-1 compound NPK + Gandasil B fertilizer (6 g 1-1 water) (P5), NPK compound 150 kg ha-1 + Urea 50 kg ha-1 + SP-36 75 kg ha-1 + KCL 50 kg ha-1 + Gandasil B fertilizer (6 g 1-1 water) (P6), and compound NPK 300 kg ha-1 + Gandasil fertilizer D (2 g 1-1 water) + Gandasil B fertilizer (6 g 1-1 water) (P7). The results showed that the application of various combinations of inorganic fertilizers affected the growth of edamame soybeans. This can be seen from the increase in number of branches, leaf area, weight wetness of plants, and the number of flowering plants. In general, the treatment P5 fertilizer package = NPK compound 300 kg ha-1 + Gandasil B fertilizer (6 g 1-1) was able to increase the best edamame soybean growth and simpler in application of fertilization.

Productivity of Groundnut as Influenced by Integrated Use of Lime, Organics, Inorganic Fertilizers, and Biofertilizers in Acidic Soil of Tripura

A field experiment was carried out on acidic soil of Khowai district of Tripura during 2017 and 2018 to study the effect of application of various combinations of lime, farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), and rhizobium with the recommended doses of NPK on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) productivity. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 13 treatments; each replicated thrice. The application of the recommended dose of NPK @ 20:60:40 kg ha-1 along with lime @ 1/5th Lime Requirement (LR), PM @ 5 t ha-1 and seed treatment with Rhizobium @ 20 g kg-1 of seed significantly increased the seed yield and recorded the highest Benefit : Cost ratio (B:C) compared to the recommended dose of NPK alone as well as other treatments combinations. Thus, in achieving higher groundnut productivity with better return in acidic soils of Tripura, integrated use of inorganic fertilizers (NPK @ 20:60:40 kg ha-1) combined with lime @ 1/5th LR, PM @ 5 t ha-1, and seed treatment with Rhizobium @ 20 g kg-1 of seed might be recommended.

Using the Loginom analytical platform to process long-term field experience data

The article discusses the capabilities of the Loginom analytical platform for processing long-term field experience data; such software components are used as data transformation (row filter, sorting, grouping, cross-table, cross-diagram, sliding window); preprocessing (editing emissions, smoothing), research (correlation analysis, factor analysis), Data Mining (self-organizing network, clustering) to identify the effect of crop rotations, soil liming, application of various combinations of mineral and organic fertilizers, weather conditions on yield of oats and barley.

Using the Loginom analytical platform to process long-term field experience data

The article discusses the capabilities of the Loginom analytical platform for processing long-term field experience data; such software components are used as data transformation (row filter, sorting, grouping, cross-table, cross-diagram, sliding window); preprocessing (editing emissions, smoothing), research (correlation analysis, factor analysis), Data Mining (self-organizing network, clustering) to identify the effect of crop rotations, soil liming, application of various combinations of mineral and organic fertilizers, weather conditions on yield of oats and barley.

Green Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Biomass and Their Application in Meat as Natural Antioxidant.

Plant extracts are rich in various bioactive compounds exerting antioxidants effects, such as phenolics, catechins, flavonoids, quercetin, anthocyanin, tocopherol, rutin, chlorogenic acid, lycopene, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, vitamin C, protocatechuic acid, vitamin E, carotenoids, β-carotene, myricetin, kaempferol, carnosine, zeaxanthin, sesamol, rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, and carnosol. The extraction processing protocols such as solvent, time, temperature, and plant powder should be optimized to obtain the optimum yield with the maximum concentration of active ingredients. The application of novel green extraction technologies has improved extraction yields with a high concentration of active compounds, heat-labile compounds at a lower environmental cost, in a short duration, and with efficient utilization of the solvent. The application of various combinations of extraction technologies has proved to exert a synergistic effect or to act as an adjunct. There is a need for proper identification, segregation, and purification of the active ingredients in plant extracts for their efficient utilization in the meat industry, as natural antioxidants. The present review has critically analyzed the conventional and green extraction technologies in extracting bioactive compounds from plant biomass and their utilization in meat as natural antioxidants.

Form-Finding of Spine Inspired Biotensegrity Model

This paper presents a study on form-finding of four-stage class one self-equilibrated spine biotensegrity models. Advantageous features such as slenderness and natural curvature of the human spine, as well as the stabilizing network that consists of the spinal column and muscles, were modeled and incorporated in the mathematical formulation of the spine biotensegrity models. Form-finding analysis, which involved determination of independent self-equilibrium stress modes using generalized inverse and their linear combination, was carried out. Form-finding strategy for searching the self-equilibrated models was studied through two approaches: application of various combinations of (1) twist angles and (2) nodal coordinates. A total of three configurations of the spine biotensegrity models with different sizes of triangular cell were successfully established for the first time in this study. All members in the spine biotensegrity models satisfied the assumption of linear elastic material behavior. With the established spine biotensegrity model, the advantageous characteristics of flexibility and versatility of movement can be further studied for potential application in deployable structures and flexible arm in the robotic industry.

Application Legume Compost with Bio-Activator Trichoderma sp as Inorganic Fertilizer Substitution in Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. Saccharata) Cultivation

Legume litter can be used as compost with the help of bio-activator Trichoderma sp. as a decomposing microorganism. Legume compost can function as a source of organic fertilizer for plants and can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers. This study aims to determine the best dose combination using inorganic fertilizer balanced with legume compost fertilizer. The study used non factorial randomized block design with 5 levels of treatment that were control, legume compost 20 ton/ha + 100% inorganic fertilizer, legume compost 30 ton/ha + 75% inorganic fertilizer, legume compost 40 ton/ha + 50% inorganic fertilizer, and legume compost 50 ton/ha + 25% inorganic fertilizer. Based on Anova test showed that the application of various combinations of inorganic fertilizer (Urea, SP-36, KCl) and legume compost had significant effect on the age of 2 WAP, 4 WAP and 5 WAP on the parameters of plant height, significant to the parameters cob weight, and had no significant effect on the sweetness level of sweet corn.

Analysis of the information and diagnostic capability of processing technologies

The possibility of informational diagnostic application of various combinations of traditional processing technologies is considered. By means of expert analytical analysis the potential diagnostic performance of combinations of laser and ultrajet machining of materials is shown. Outlined prospects for the development of research results.

Characterization of Nano-Fe2O3-Stabilized Polymer-Free Foam Fracturing Fluids for Unconventional Gas Reservoirs

The present investigation is aimed at formulating a stable foam for fracturing of unconventional reservoirs through selective application of various combinations of nanoparticles and surfactants. F...

Effect of fertilizer-N and organic resource management on soil aggregates formation and carbon cycling in the central highlands of Kenya

Njoroge KS, Mugendi DN, Vanlauwe B. 2018. Effect of fertilizer-N and organic resource management on soil aggregates formation and carbon cycling in the central highlands of Kenya. Asian J Agric 2: 25-37. To inquire the way the alteration of soils of various textures and fertility values with fertilizer-N and organic resources influencing aggregate formation and subsequent carbon (C) cycling in aggregates became the objective of this research. The experiment was carried out in Embu and Machang'a regions of central Kenya and was rooted on a putrefaction tube experiment that was established in April 2005. This experiment was intended at completing long-term field experimentations initiated in 2002 to set up the impact of the application of various combinations of organic and mineral resources on soil nutrient status. The main variables were fertilizer-N and organic resources, with the sub-management being soil fertility values. Maize stover and urea fertilizer were mixed with 3.2 kg of soil and put in putrefaction tubes. The implementation rate was 4 ton and 120 kg per hectare for the maize stover and fertilizer respectively. Four management were developed, namely: control (no organic resources or fertilizer-N added), lone fertilizer-N, lone stover, and combined stover and fertilizer-N, with each management having three replicates. To decide the alterations in soil aggregates, dirt samples acquired from the putrefaction tubes were fractionated through wet sieving. SOM fractionation was also carried out to gain the various SOM fractions. All achieved aggregates and SOM fractions were then dried in the oven, ground, and analyzed for C. All collected data were examined with the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS and the means separated at p <0.05. Bigger quantity of macroaggregates from Embu soils was studied than that from Machang'a soils. For both Embu and Machang'a soil, the alteration of soils with lone or combined fertilizer-N and organic resources had a notable impact (p <0.05) on the portions of all aggregate class sizes. The alteration of soils of various fertility values with lone or combined fertilizer-N and organic resources also had a notable impact on the allocation of SOM fractions for both Embu and Machang' soils. Remarkable discrepancies in whole soils, aggregates and SOM fractions percentage carbon values were also studied. On the whole, the silt and clay fraction had higher C values than that in other aggregate size classes representing higher stabilization of C within this fraction. From the results of this research, it is concluded that the utilization of combined organic and mineral resources is preferred for the enhancement and the preservation of soil fertility in high fertility soils. In low fertility coarse-textured soils, the lone implementation of organic resources is suggested for the enhancement and the preservation of soil fertility.

EFFECT OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL AND SALICYLIC ACID ON SOME VEGETATIVE GROWTH TRAITS OF DATE PALM TISSUE CULTURE DERIVED PLANTS

This research was conducted in the greenhouse of Al-Rabee Research Station of the Department of Horticulture, Ministry of Agriculture for the 2011-2012 season in order to examine the effect of foliar application of various combinations of polyethylene glycol and salicylic acid levels on some vegetative growth traits of date palm tissue cultured derived plants.The concentrations of polyethylene (zero, 20 and 40 mg.L-1) and salicylic acid (zero, 50 and 100mg.L-1). The experiment carried out using randomized complete design and factorial in three replications. The results showed that increasing the concentration of polyethylene led to increased paperwork content of chlorophyll B and the total and received an increase the nitrogen percentage in the papers. The impact of the concentration of acid, salicylic has said the results of a significant increase in chlorophyll, A, B and macro as well as an increase in the percentage of dry matter and an increase in the percentage of nitrogen in securities The impact of interaction between the polyethylene acid, salicylic, the results showed that there was a significant increase in most the traits in study.

Investigations on the ultrastructure of the callus tissue of Liriodendron tulipifera L. developed in vitro

Fragments of internodes, petioles and fragments of leaves of <em>Liriodendron tulipifera</em> L. were cultured <em>in vitro</em> in order to induce them to regeneration. Abundant callus tissue was only produced by unlignified internodes and petioles. Application of various combinations of media was not successful in inducing callus organogenesis. The callus did not survive long and cytological analysis of its cells revealed the presence of severe abnormalities.

R-ISSR - Tool for Generation of a New Type of Products, Applied for the Identification of Putative Molecular Marker Linked to QTL Determined Tolerance to Nutrient Deprivation Stress in Rye (Secale cereale L.)

This study presents results confirming the possibility of the application of various combinations of RAPD and ISSR primers in one multiplex PCR for the rye genome and generating a new type of R-ISSR products. The plant material consisted of two inbred lines (Ot0-6 and Ot1-3), F1 and two bulks (tolerant and susceptible), selected from a population of RILs (F9) with different responses to stress caused by nutrient deprivation at the seedling stage. In one PCR reaction, the DNA of five genotypes was amplified separately, with RAPD, ISSR, and RAPD+ISSR primers. In total, 28 R-ISSR combinations were tested by combining 20 and 8 appropriately selected RAPD and ISSR primers. 567 loci were amplified, including 230 RAPD, 136 ISSR and 207 amplified R-ISSR loci, of which 114 were new. It was shown that only one ISSR product was identified amongst sequenced R-ISSR products with identical electrophoretic mobility as co-migrating RAPDs and ISSRs. The remaining ones had heteroamplicons (R-ISSR) sequences. A similar range of variability was observed both in R-ISSR profiles and in RAPD, as well as in ISSR. The correlation coefficient between the matrices of genetic similarity for five rye genotypes calculated by means of the Mantel test was highly significant rAB.C = 0.964.

State of the art and future prospects of the biological control of postharvest fruit diseases

Synthetic fungicides are the primary means to control postharvest diseases of fruits. Biological control has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to chemicals. During the last 20 years, several biological control agents have been widely investigated for use on different pathogens and fruit crops. Many biological control mechanisms have been suggested for use on fruit including antibiosis, parasitism, induced resistance in the host tissue and competition. With the aim of extending the use of the biofungicides, there have been many studies on the application of various combinations of control agents, and on the application integrated with chemical and physical means of protection. The formulation and application methods are key issues for the efficacy and successful outcome of the commercial product. Genetic engineering may provide a useful tool in the enhancement of the biological control efficacy. Since biofungicides are usually not as effective as pesticides, this approach should be viewed as an important component of an integrated disease management scheme given that a significant and permanent reduction of pesticide use is our goal.

DEVELOPMENT OF POROUS CLAY-BASED COMPOSITES FOR THE SORPTION OF LEAD FROM WATER

Lead contamination of water is a major health hazard, as illustrated by the fact that exposure to this metal has been associated with death and disease in humans, birds, and animals. The present research was aimed at the development of a porous, solid-phase sorbent that can be used in the remediation of lead-contaminated water. A suitable sorbent was identified by screening various clays and other materials for their ability to effectively bind lead. The clay was adhered to a solid support using an aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose. The binary composite was then tested for its ability to bind lead from solution, while providing void volume, increased surface area, and considerably enhanced hydraulic conductivity. The results suggested that a combination of sodium montmorillonite clay and carbon exhibited enhanced sorption of lead compared to carbon alone, and also supported the potential application of various combinations of sorbent materials. This value-added combination of clay, solid support, and adhesive will allow for the construction of column filtration systems that are multifunctional and capable of purifying large volumes of contaminated water.