Application Of Stem Cells Research Articles

FRAGMENTED THIGH INJURY: TREATMENT WITH PREBIOTICS, NANOPARTICLES, AND CELL THERAPY

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of staged local treatment of an infected mine-explosive wound using a gel containing Bacillus spp., cerium oxide nanoparticles, and cell therapy. Object and Methods. The article presents a clinical case demonstrating the effective staged treatment of a 57-year-old patient with a fragmentary fracture of the right femur and a large purulent wound of the right thigh. The patient underwent Ex-fix rod-type femur-tibia stabilization and resection of a post-traumatic aneurysm of the right superficial femoral artery. In the first stage of treatment, two sessions of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) were applied, with pressures ranging from 75-115 mm Hg and a session duration of 4-5 days. In the second stage, local treatment involved a combination of antiseptics and probiotics (Bacillus spp.) alongside cerium oxide nanoparticles. By the 7th day, the eradication of pathogenic microflora was achieved, allowing for the third stage of treatment—application of autologous mesenchymal stem cells. Results: The treatment of combat trauma has become increasingly relevant in Ukraine and globally due to its complexity and the rising proportion of multiple and combined injuries, which account for 25-60% of cases. Infectious complications occur in 25% of combat trauma cases and are responsible for 70% of related deaths. Most structural and functional disorders associated with wound infections develop at the time of injury, intensify over time, and require immediate surgical intervention, improvements in local treatment methods, and new approaches for wound closure. Conclusions: The use of a combination of probiotics and NPWT therapy led to a rapid reduction of the inflammatory process. Clinical observations showed accelerated wound cleansing from fibrin and necrotic tissue. The combined treatment significantly reduced the size and depth of wound due to the formation of active pink granulation tissue (observed by days 8-9) and marginal epithelialization by days 10-13. During this period, no pathogenic flora were detected, allowing for the subsequent application of autologous mesenchymal stem cells. This treatment approach reduced the need for antibacterial drugs and prevented the need for additional surgical interventions. The inclusion of cerium oxide nanoparticles was an effective enhancement for cell transplantation, facilitating stem cell delivery and contributing to the treatment of large wounds.

Stem Cell Applications in Treating Oral Cancers: A Comprehensive Review

Stem Cell Applications in Treating Oral Cancers: A Comprehensive Review

Pretreatment with growth differentiation factor 15 augments cardioprotection by mesenchymal stem cells in myocardial infarction by improving their survival

BackgroundThe clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in myocardial infarction (MI) is severely hampered by their poor survival. Pretreatment is a key strategy that has been adopted to promote their therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the benefit of growth differentiation factor 15-pretreated MSCs (GDF15-MSCs) in enhancing cardiac repair following MI and to determine the underlying mechanisms.MethodsMSCs with or without GDF15 pretreatment were exposed to serum deprivation and hypoxia (SD/H) challenge. Apoptosis of MSCs was assessed by TUNEL staining. The conditioned media (CM) of MSCs and GDF15-MSCs was collected by centrifugation. MSCs and GDF15-MSCs were transplanted into the peri-infarct region in a mouse model of MI. Cardiac function, fibrosis and MSC survival were examined 4 weeks after MSC transplantation.ResultsPretreatment with GDF15 greatly reduced SD/H-induced apoptosis of MSCs via inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by attenuating mitochondrial fission. Mechanistically, GDF15 pretreatment ameliorated mitochondrial fission of MSCs under SD/H challenge by activating the AMPK pathway. These effects were partially abrogated by AMPK inhibitor. Pretreatment with GDF15 also promoted paracrine effects of MSCs in vitro, evidenced by improving tube formation of HUVECs, and inhibited the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by SD/H. At 4 weeks after transplantation, compared with MSCs, GDF15 pretreatment strongly promoted the survival of MSCs in the ischemic heart with consequent enhanced cardiac function, reduced cardiac fibrosis and increased angiogenesis.ConclusionsOur study showed that pretreatment with GDF15 promoted the cardioprotective effects of MSCs in MI via regulation of pro-survival signaling and paracrine actions. GDF15 pretreatment is an effective approach to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in ischemic heart disease.

Mesenchymal stem cell application in pulmonary disease treatment with emphasis on their interaction with lung-resident immune cells

Due to the vital importance of the lungs, lung-related diseases and their control are very important. Severe inflammatory responses mediated by immune cells were among the leading causes of lung tissue pathology and damage during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, uncontrolled immune cell responses can lead to lung tissue damage in other infectious and non-infectious diseases. It is essential to control immune responses in a way that leads to homeostasis. Immunosuppressive drugs only suppress inflammatory responses and do not affect the homeostasis of reactions. The therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in addition to restoring immune homeostasis, can promote the regeneration of lung tissue through the production of growth factors and differentiation into lung-related cells. However, the communication between MSCs and immune cells after treatment of pulmonary diseases is essential, and investigating this can help develop a clinical perspective. Different studies in the clinical phase showed that MSCs can reverse fibrosis, increase regeneration, promote airway remodeling, and reduce damage to lung tissue. The proliferation and differentiation potential of MSCs is one of the mechanisms of their therapeutic effects. Furthermore, they can secrete exosomes that affect the function of lung cells and immune cells and change their function. Another important mechanism is that MSCs reduce harmful inflammatory responses through communication with innate and adaptive immune cells, which leads to a shift of the immune system toward regulatory and hemostatic responses.

Stem cells application in frailty

Stem cells application in frailty

The Role of Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Endothelial and Stromal Cells in the Enhancement of Endometrial Injuries

Background: The uterine endometrium plays a important role in the processes of fertilization and embryogenesis, with its impairment or dysfunction leading to pathologies such as intrauterine adhesions, miscarriage, and infertility. In addressing endometrial damage, the application of stem cell has attracted considerable attention. To promote the paracrine capabilities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), this study employed pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interferon-γ, TNF-α and IFN-γ, IT) along with 3D culture techniques on pretreated MSCs (3D-IT-MSCs). We focused on evaluating the therapeutic potential of 3D-IT-MSCs and elucidating the mechanisms involved in endometrial repair. Method: Pretreated MSCs were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) or drug-induced endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) to observe the promoting effect on biological function. Results: The findings demonstrated that 3D-IT-MSCs exhibit markedly elevated paracrine molecule expression and secretion compared to conventional MSCs. Additionally, treatment with 3D-IT-MSCs significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of HUVECs and ESCs, resulting in increased HUVECs angiogenesis and inhibition of mifepristone-induced ESCs apoptosis. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the combined approach of applying pro-inflammatory cytokines and 3D culture techniques on pretreated MSCs holds substantial promise as a therapeutic strategy for repairing endometrial injuries.

Preclinical Safety Assessment of Deferoxamine-preconditioned Canine Adipose Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

In the pursuit of translating stem cell therapy technology into clinical practice, ensuring the safety and efficacy of treatments is paramount. Despite advancements, the effectiveness of stem cell applications often falls short of clinical requirements. This study aimed to address the challenge of limited efficacy by investigating the safety and effectiveness of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cATMSCs) preconditioned with deferoxamine (DFO). Different concentrations of DFO were used to evaluate its impact on cATMSC activity. The therapeutic potential of these preconditioned cells was validated using a mouse model of systemic inflammation. Comprehensive evaluations, including clinical hematological and radiological assessments before and after intravenous injection of preconditioned cells were conducted. The study showed a notable reduction in inflammatory markers and an overall decrease in the inflammatory response in the mouse model. The data collected from the clinical hematological and radiological assessments provided essential insights. This study lays the groundwork for the future clinical deployment of DFO-preconditioned cATMSCs, demonstrating their potential to improve the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapies.

Commentary Innovations in Tissue Regeneration and Wound Healing: A Comparative Study of Nigeria and South Africa

Tissue regeneration and wound healing represent critical areas in medical science, with significant advance-ments in recent years. These fields involve restoring damaged tissues and promoting recovery, which are essential for improv-ing patient outcomes and quality of life. Innovations such as biomaterials, stem cell therapy, advanced wound dressings, and regenerative medicine have significantly impacted these areas. This study provides a comparative analysis of innovations in tissue regeneration and wound healing in Nigeria and South Africa. The focus includes technological advancements, research contributions, and statistical data to highlight progress and challenges in both countries. Data from various healthcare institu-tions, research publications, and government reports form the basis of this analysis.Additionally, surgical innovations that minimize wound occurrence and improve wound healing, such as mini-mally invasive surgery, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), and the use of advanced suture materials, are transforming clinical outcomes in both Nigeria and South Africa. Minimally invasive techniques reduce tissue damage, leading to smaller wounds and faster recovery. NPWT has proven effective in managing chronic wounds and reducing infection rates, while an-timicrobial and absorbable sutures have lowered complications related to wound closure. Cold plasma therapy and stem cell applications are also emerging as promising approaches for chronic wound care and tissue regeneration. These innovations, coupled with the efforts in regenerative medicine and biomaterials, are providing both nations with effective tools to manage wound healing more efficiently. This comparative study aims to shed light on the current state of tissue regeneration and wound healing in these nations, offering insights into the advancements made, the effectiveness of various approaches, and the potential future devel-opments in this vital medical field.

Bioengineering breakthroughs: The impact of stem cell models on advanced therapy medicinal product development.

The burgeoning field of bioengineering has witnessed significant strides due to the advent of stem cell models, particularly in their application in advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs). In this review, we examine the multifaceted impact of these developments, emphasizing the potential of stem cell models to enhance the sophistication of ATMPs and to offer alternatives to animal testing. Stem cell-derived tissues are particularly promising because they can reshape the preclinical landscape by providing more physiologically relevant and ethically sound platforms for drug screening and disease modelling. We also discuss the critical challenges of reproducibility and accuracy in measurements to ensure the integrity and utility of stem cell models in research and application. Moreover, this review highlights the imperative of stem cell models to align with regulatory standards, ensuring using stem cells in ATMPs translates into safe and effective clinical therapies. With regulatory approval serving as a gateway to clinical adoption, the collaborative efforts between scientists and regulators are vital for the progression of stem cell applications from bench to bedside. We advocate for a balanced approach that nurtures innovation within the framework of rigorous validation and regulatory compliance, ensuring that stem cell-base solutions are maximized to promote public trust and patient health in ATMPs.

Application of hydrogel-loaded dental stem cells in the field of tissue regeneration.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are highly favored in clinical trials due to their unique characteristics, which have isolated from various human tissues. Derived from dental tissues, dental stem cells (DSCs) are particularly notable for their applications in tissue repair and regenerative medicine, attributed to their readily available sources, absence of ethical controversies, and minimal immunogenicity. Hydrogel-loaded stem cell therapy is widespread across a variety of injuries and diseases, and has good repair capabilities for both soft and hard tissues. This review comprehensively summarizes the regenerative and differentiation potential of various DSCs encapsulated in hydrogels across different tissues. In addition, the existing problems and future direction are also addressed. The application of hydrogel-DSCs composite has gained substantial progress in the field of tissue regeneration and need in-depth study in the future.

Stem cell research and improving cancer treatments

Stem cell research has emerged as a pivotal area in oncology, offering innovative approaches to cancer treatment. This research explores the potential of stem cells to enhance therapeutic outcomes in various cancer types. To evaluate the role of stem cells in cancer treatment, focusing on their ability to differentiate into specialized cell types, promote tissue regeneration, and deliver targeted therapies. A comprehensive review of current literature was conducted, analyzing studies that investigate the application of stem cells in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Key methodologies included in vitro experiments, animal models, and clinical trials assessing stem cell therapies, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies. Findings indicate that stem cells can improve treatment efficacy by facilitating tumor regression, enhancing immune responses, and reducing treatment-related toxicity. Notably, mesenchymal stem cells have shown promise in delivering therapeutic agents directly to tumors and modulating the tumor microenvironment. Stem cell research holds significant potential to revolutionize cancer treatment strategies. Continued exploration of stem cell applications may lead to more effective, personalized therapies, ultimately improving patient outcomes in various cancer types. Further clinical trials are necessary to establish standardized protocols and assess long term effects.

Rapid Whole-Plate Cell and Tissue Micropatterning Using a Budget 3D Resin Printer.

The ability to precisely pattern cells and proteins is crucial in various scientific disciplines, including cell biology, bioengineering, and materials chemistry. Current techniques, such as microcontact stamping, 3D bioprinting, and direct photopatterning, have limitations in terms of cost, versatility, and throughput. In this Article, we present an accessible approach that combines the throughput of photomask systems with the versatility of programmable light patterning using a low-cost consumer LCD resin printer. The method involves utilizing a bioinert hydrogel, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), and a 405 nm sensitive photoinitiator (LAP) that are selectively cross-linked to form a hydrogel upon light exposure, creating specific regions that are protein and cell-repellent. Our result highlights that a low-cost LCD resin printer can project virtual photomasks onto the hydrogel, allowing for reasonable resolution and large-area printing at a fraction of the cost of traditional systems. The study demonstrates the calibration of exposure times for optimal resolution and accuracy and shape corrections to overcome the inherent challenges of wide-field resin printing. The potential of this approach is validated through widely studied 2D and 3D stem cell applications, showcasing its biocompatibility and ability to replicate complex tissue engineering patterns. We also validate the method with a cell-adhesive polymer (gelatin methacrylate; GelMA). The combination of low cost, high throughput, and accessibility makes this method broadly applicable across fields for enabling rapid and precise fabrication of cells and tissues in standard laboratory culture vessels.

STRAIGHT-IN Dual: a platform for dual, single-copy integrations of DNA payloads and gene circuits into human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Targeting DNA payloads into human (h)iPSCs involves multiple time-consuming, inefficient steps that must be repeated for each construct. Here, we present STRAIGHT-IN Dual, which enables simultaneous, allele-specific, single-copy integration of two DNA payloads with 100% efficiency within one week. Notably, STRAIGHT-IN Dual leverages the STRAIGHT-IN platform to allow near-scarless cargo integration, facilitating the recycling of components for subsequent cellular modifications. Using STRAIGHT-IN Dual, we investigated how promoter choice and gene syntax influences transgene silencing, and demonstrate the impact of these design features on forward programming of hiPSCs into neurons. Furthermore, we designed a grazoprevir-inducible synZiFTR system to complement the widely-used tetracycline-inducible system, providing independent, tunable, and temporally controlled expression of both transcription factors and functional reporters. The unprecedented efficiency and speed with which STRAIGHT-IN Dual generates homogenous genetically engineered hiPSC populations represents a major advancement for synthetic biology in stem cell applications and opens opportunities for precision cell engineering.

Recent trends of stem cell therapies in The management of orthopedic surgical challenges.

Emerged health-related problems especially with increasing population and with the wider occurrence of these issues have always put the utmost concern and led medicine to outgrow its usual mode of treatment, to achieve better outcomes. Orthopedic interventions are one of the most concerning hitches, requiring advancement in several issues, that show complications with conventional approaches. Advanced studies have been undertaken to address the issue, among which stem cell therapy emerged as a better area of growth. The capacity of the stem cells to renovate themselves and adapt into different cell types made it possible to implement its use as a regenerative slant. Harvesting the stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells is easier and can be further grown in vitro. In this review, we have discussed orthopedic-related issues including bone defects and fractures, non-unions, ligament and tendon injuries, degenerative changes, and associated conditions, which require further approaches to execute better outcomes, and the advanced strategies that can be tagged along with various ways of application of mesenchymal stem cells. It aims to objectify the idea of stem cells, with a major focus on the application of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different sources in various orthopedic interventions. It also discusses the limitations, and future scopes for further approaches in the field of regenerative medicine. The involvement of mesenchymal stem cells may transition the procedures in orthopedic interventions from predominantly surgical substitution and reconstruction to bio-regeneration and prevention. Nevertheless, additional improvements and evaluations are required to explore the effectiveness and safety of mesenchymal stem cell treatment in orthopedic regenerative medicine.

Unveiling advanced strategies for therapeutic stem cell interventions in severe burn injuries: a comprehensive review.

This comprehensive review explores the complex terrain of stem cell therapies as a potential therapeutic frontier in the healing of complicated burn wounds. Serious tissue damage, impaired healing processes, and possible long-term consequences make burn wounds a complex problem. An in-depth review is required since, despite medical progress, existing methods for treating severe burn wounds have significant limitations. Burn wounds are difficult to heal because they cause extensive tissue damage. The challenges of burn injury-induced tissue regeneration and functional recovery are also the subject of this review. Although there is a lot of promise in current stem cell treatments, there are also some limitations with scalability, finding the best way to transport the cells, and finding consistent results across different types of patients. To shed light on how to improve stem cell interventions to heal severe burn wounds, this review covers various stem cell applications in burn wounds and examines these obstacles. To overcome these obstacles, one solution is to enhance methods of stem cell distribution, modify therapies according to the severity of the burn, and conduct more studies on how stem cell therapy affects individual patients. Novel solutions may also be possible through the combination of cutting-edge technologies like nanotechnology and biotechnology. This review seeks to increase stem cell interventions by analyzing present challenges and suggesting strategic improvements. The goal is to provide a more effective and tailored way to repair serious burn wounds.

β-Cyclodextrin as an elicitor of polyphenolic contents of barley (Hurdeum vulgare) callus with antioxidant and anti-aging properties on human skin fibroblast cells (HFF2)

The skin, as the largest organ of body, plays a crucial role in human beauty, yet is vulnerable to aging due to ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure. Various methods, including intradermal injection, surgery, laser therapy, stem cell applications, and cosmetic treatments, are employed to combat skin aging. Phytochemicals, known for their antioxidant properties, are extensively studied for skincare. Barley (Hurdeum vulgare) contains diverse phenolic compounds, exhibiting strong antioxidant activity, potentially reducing cellular aging. Here, we examined the anti-aging properties of barley callus extract enriched with polyphenols in human skin fibroblast cells (HFF2) exposed to UVB radiation. β-cyclodextrin was used as an elicitor at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 ppm to enhance the production of polyphenolic compounds in the callus of black and yellow barley. A concentration of 5 ppm significantly increased the phenolic and flavonoid content in both black and yellow barley callus. Analysis of the extracts obtained from the callus showed that aqueous and ethanolic extracts of black barley callus, at a concentration of 0.1 μg/mL, enhanced cell viability and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) levels while increasing sirtuin (SIRT1) production in UVB-exposed HFF2 cells. These extracts also exhibited high antioxidant effects and promoted cell migration, DNA integrity, and cell cycle advancement. The findings suggest the potential use of black barley callus extract in cosmetics to mitigate UV radiation effects and premature skin aging. Additionally, β-cyclodextrin is highlighted as a valuable elicitor for enhancing polyphenol content, contributing to the antioxidant and anti-aging properties of black barley callus for skincare applications.

The Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Different Cardiovascular Disorders: Ways of Administration, and the Effectors.

The heart is an organ with a low ability to renew and repair itself. MSCs have cell surface markers such as CD45-, CD34-, CD31-, CD4+, CD11a+, CD11b+, CD15+, CD18+, CD25+, CD49d+, CD50+, CD105+, CD73+, CD90+, CD9+, CD10+, CD106+, CD109+, CD127+, CD120a+, CD120b+, CD124+, CD126+, CD140a+, CD140b+, adherent properties and the ability to differentiate into cells such as adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Autogenic, allogeneic, normal, pretreated and genetically modified MSCs and secretomes are used in preclinical and clinical studies. MSCs and their secretomes (the total released molecules) generally have cardioprotective effects. Studies on cardiovascular diseases using MSCs and their secretomes include myocardial infraction/ischemia, fibrosis, hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis. Stem cells or their secretomes used for this purpose are administered to the heart via intracoronary (Antegrade intracoronary and retrograde coronary venous injection), intramyocardial (Transendocardial and epicardial injection) and intravenous routes. The protective effects of MSCs and their secretomes on the heart are generally attributed to their differentiation into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, their immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, increasing blood vessel density, cardiac remodeling, and ejection fraction and decreasing apoptosis, the size of the wound, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, ventricular myo-mass, fibrosis, matrix metalloproteins, and oxidative stress. The present review aims to assist researchers and physicians in selecting the appropriate cell type, secretomes, and technique to increase the chance of success in designing therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases.

Pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells application for dentin-pulp regeneration

Pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells application for dentin-pulp regeneration

A Systematic Review of Stem Cell Applications in Maxillofacial Regeneration.

Regenerative medicine is revolutionizing oral and maxillofacial surgeries with stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells, for tissue and bone regeneration. Despite promising in-vitro results, human trials are limited. A systematic review is needed to evaluate stem cell efficacy in maxillofacial issues, aiming to improve surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guidelines, this review included peer-reviewed articles (2013-2023) on stem cells in oral surgery, excluding non-English publications, abstracts, reviews, and opinion pieces. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, OVID, Cochrane, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source-Ebscohost, and Scopus. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts, resolving disagreements by consensus. Full-text analysis involved extracting key data, verified by a secondary reviewer and additional quality checks. From 3540 initial articles, 2528 were screened after removing duplicates, and 7 met the inclusion criteria after excluding irrelevant studies. Key themes included the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy, and bone regeneration and quality. Studies predominantly used mesenchymal stem cells. Findings showed positive outcomes in clinical safety and effectiveness and significant potential for bone regeneration. This systematic review highlights the potential of stem cell therapies in maxillofacial applications, supporting their safety, efficacy, and bone regeneration capabilities. Further research is needed to standardize protocols and confirm long-term benefits.

Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on Growth Characteristics of Mouse Gastric Stem Cells in Vitro

ABSTRACT Gold nanoparticles (NPs) have been recently utilized in several applications of stem cells. In this study, mouse gastric stem/progenitor (mGS) cells established from a transgenic mouse model were treated by gold NPs of 60, 80, and 100 nm diameters. Cells were analyzed after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of incubation. Electron microscopic examination revealed the uptake of gold NPs by the mGS cells. The cellular viability and proliferation were investigated using propidium iodide, neutral red and PicoGreen Assays. The results demonstrated the viability and proliferation of mGS cells following exposure to gold NPs. While 100 nm gold NPs slightly reduced the mGS cell viability, 60 nm gold NPs at concentration of 0.07% slightly enhanced the proliferation of mGS cells more than the gold NPs at concentrations of 0.14% and 0.21%. In contrast, 80 nm gold NPs at concentration of 0.14% have promoted the proliferation of mGS cells. In conclusion, these findings offer a new perspective for the application of gold NPs and stem cells in nanomedicine and tissue engineering.