Application Of Solid Catalysts Research Articles

Application of Solid Catalysts with an Ionic Liquid Layer (SCILL) in PEMFCs: From Half-Cell to Full-Cell

Application of Solid Catalysts with an Ionic Liquid Layer (SCILL) in PEMFCs: From Half-Cell to Full-Cell

Bridging the gap between insightful simplicity and successful complexity: From fundamental studies on model systems to technical catalysts

When Haldor Topsøe founded his company in 1940, the application of solid catalysts in industrial chemical processes was still in its early phase. At that time, catalyst development and optimization strongly relied on phenomenological approaches and experimental know-how, whereas little knowledge existed on the nature of the catalytically active species and how to tune their structure and concentration. For more than 70years, Topsøe has advocated the need of “bringing more scientific understanding to the field of catalysis,” becoming a prominent figure in the transition of catalyst preparation – a word with an alchemical connotation – to catalyst synthesis, based on scientific principles. Numerous fundamental studies of his team and collaborators on simplified model catalysts have added substantially to the current understanding of a significant number of industrially relevant systems in particular, and the principles of action of solid catalysts in general. This article reviews some key advancements that the Topsøe team has contributed to the field of catalyst development, rooted in fundamental studies with either 2D or 3D model materials. Examples are provided of how the acquired scientific knowledge was successfully translated into innovations in the manufacture of technical catalysts. Next to the work of the Topsøe group, a broader and updated perspective of the use of model systems to investigate fundamental aspects of catalyst development is presented. A number of selected case studies are reviewed, which we find illustrative of recent findings with implications for the design and synthesis of solid catalysts.

Preparation of SO42−/Fe2O3MoO3 and its catalytic activity in the electrolytic reaction of phenol with methanol

BACKGROUND: Environmentally friendly solid catalysts are important in many processes from an industrial point of view and are applied widely in the study of alkylation of phenol with methanol in gas phase. However, liquid-phase reactions have not been well studied. This paper deals with an assessment of liquid-phase electrolytic alkylation in the presence of SO42−/Fe2O3MoO3. RESULTS: A bidentate structure was formed between the SO42− and metal. A catalyst with an amorphous structure delivered lower catalytic activity even at a higher Mo content. The highest activity was obtained at an Mo content of 16% (molar composition), which delivered a phenol conversion of up to 70.5%. Experiments also showed that the catalyst can be reused at least for three times. CONCLUSION: Application of solid catalyst in the liquid-phase reaction assisted by electrolysis alkylation was found to be viable. The main products were methoxyphenols, in contrast to that associated with gas-phase operation. A possible mechanism of product formation has been proposed. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry

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