Application Of Sodium Bicarbonate Research Articles

Ball moss (Tillandsia recurvata L.) situation in an institutional green area

The “ball moss” or “paxtle” (Tillandsia recurvata L.) is one of the main health problems in the trees of the National Instituteof Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE). With the present survey, host preference, level of infestation, mainphenological stages, and control options of the epiphyte were determined. From the tree inventory, the species and theirdimensions (normal diameter and total height) were identified, the level of infestation by “paxtle” was determined and themain phenological stages of the epiphyte were recorded. The effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate spraying for control wasevaluated. Of 2210 trees, 37.23% were infested. Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia), ash (Fraxinus uhdei), white cedar(Hesperocyparis lusitanica) and glossy privet (Ligustrum japonicum) showed the largest infestations. No specificity wasobserved. The normal diameter was associated with the level of infestation. Seed dispersal occurred from January to April.The application of sodium bicarbonate caused dehydration, necrosis and death of the epiphyte. T. recurvata has become aserious health problem in the green areas of the INAOE. It is recommended to implement control activities in the months ofOctober and November (prior to the dehiscence of the capsules and in the absence of foliage in deciduous tree species).

Modifying duck myofibrillar proteins using sodium bicarbonate under cold plasma treatment: Impact on the conformation, emulsification, and rheological properties

This study aimed to explore the potential advantages of incorporating sodium bicarbonate to enhance the processing characteristics of duck myofibrillar proteins (MPs) during cold plasma treatment. Various concentrations of sodium bicarbonate (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%) were examined for their impact on the structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of MPs under cold plasma treatment conditions (50 V, 3 min). Results indicated that sodium bicarbonate increased the unfolding of MPs, resulting in elevated active sulfhydryl content, enhanced surface hydrophobicity, intensified intrinsic fluorescence intensity, and reduced average particle size. Additionally, sodium bicarbonate significantly augmented (P < 0.05) α-helix and β-sheet content, leading to modifications in the microenvironments of tyrosine and tryptophan. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed that sodium bicarbonate effectively mitigated the protein aggregation induced by cold plasma treatment. Sodium bicarbonate induced secondary and tertiary structural alterations, enhancing the solubility of duck MPs, consequently improving their emulsifying and rheological properties. These findings suggest that sodium bicarbonate can effectively enhance the processing performance of duck MPs during cold plasma treatment, offering novel insights into the application of sodium bicarbonate in the cold plasma processing of duck products.

Application of sodium bicarbonate in extraction and determination of synthetic colorant in processed grain products.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05199-x.

Soybean seed [Glycine max L.] coated by fertile soil-applied sodium bicarbonate at alluvial soil

Soybean yields in Indonesia tend to be low, on average <1.5 Mg ha−1 and many of the needs are met through soybean imports. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of seed coating and sodium bicarbonate on the growth and yield of soybeans in alluvial soils. The experiment was carried out at Alluvial soil in Padang, with an altitude of 10 m above sea level. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design in the factorial form. The first-factor was the application of coating material to soybean seeds consisting of 2 levels; uncoated and coated. The second factor was the application of sodium bicarbonate in the leaves of the plant consisting of 4 concentrations; 0%; 0.125%; 0.250% and 0.375%, with 3 replications. Data were analyzed statistically using F-tests 5% significance level. If the treatment had a significant effect, it will continue using the LSD test 5% significance level. The parameters of observations were made; plant height when the generative phase, the number of primary branches, the number of nodules, the number of pith pods, the weight of 100 seeds, dry weight of seeds per plot. The result showed that the application of coating materials on soybean seeds and 0.125% sodium bicarbonate sprayed on the leaves increase the growth and yield of soybean Anjasmoro variety with the highest seed yield was 1.90 Mg ha−1.

Cellular hydrogels based on pH-responsive chitosan-hydroxyapatite system

The development of bioactive injectable system as cell carrier with minimal impact on viability of encapsulated cells represents a great challenge. In the present work, we propose a new pH-responsive chitosan-hydroxyapatite-based hydrogel with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the gelling agent. The in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite phase has resulted in stable composite suspension and final homogeneous hydrogel. The application of sodium bicarbonate has allowed non-cytotoxic fast gelation of chitosan-hydroxyapatite within 4min, and without excess of sodium ions concentration. Rheological properties of crosslinked hydrogel have demonstrated possible behaviour as ‘strong physical hydrogel’. The live dead staining has confirmed good viability and dispersion, as well as proliferation of encapsulated cells by the culture time. Presented preliminary results show good potential of chitosan-hydroxyapatite/NaHCO3 as a cell carrier, whose impact on the cell differentiation need to be confirmed by encapsulation of other cell phenotypes.

Application of sodium bicarbonate as draw solution in forward osmosis desalination: influence of temperature and linear flow velocity

Forward osmosis (FO) has been recently drawn the attention as an emerging sustainable desalination technology. This article focuses on the effect of temperature and linear flow velocity of feed and draw solution on permeation of water through forward osmosis membrane, using FO process. A bench-scale FO setup was used, in which sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were used as draw solutions. The draw solutions were initially compared for their permeation flux at the same osmotic pressure, using distilled water as feed solution. However, for FO desalination of a model saline feed solution, just, NaHCO3 draw solution was employed. Increasing the temperature from 25 to 45°C led to 33 and 30.64% water flux increase for NaCl and NaHCO3 systems, respectively. Higher permeability dependency of NaHCO3 on the temperature would be attributed to the larger effect of temperature on its molecular diffusion coefficient in the membrane. By equally increasing the linear velocity of flow in the feed and draw solution sides of the membrane, from 0.088 to 0.231 m s−1, the water flux was enhanced. This would be due to the reduction of external concentration polarization effect on both interfaces of the membrane. As expected, for the saline feed water, the water flux had a 1.7-fold reduction, as compared to the distilled water.

INTEGRATED APPROACHES TO POSTHARVEST DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN CALIFORNIA CITRUS PACKINGHOUSES

INTEGRATED APPROACHES TO POSTHARVEST DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN CALIFORNIA CITRUS PACKINGHOUSES

Salts Application for Suppressing Potato Early Blight Disease

Salts Application for Suppressing Potato Early Blight DiseaseThe suppressive effect of sodium and calcium salts applied individually or combined with the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeagainstAlternaria solanithe causal agent of early blight disease of potato was evaluated under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions.In vitrotest a complete inhibition in fungal growth was observed at concentration of 30 mg/ml of both sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride. The commercial backing yeastS. cerevisiae(CBY) enhanced the inhibitory effect of tested salts reflected in increasing mycelial fungal growth reduction when combined at the rate of 1:1 at each concentration tested. In pot experiment, under artificial infestation with pathogenic fungus, application of sodium bicarbonate or calcium chloride significantly reduced the early blight incidence and severity by increasing their concentrations. Their most effective concentration were 30 mg/ml that reduced the disease incidence by 50 and 62.4%, respectively. Superior effect of sodium bicarbonate or calcium chloride in disease reduction was observed when they combined with CBY. Field trails for evaluating the most promising greenhouse treatments were preformed under natural infestations during two successive summer seasons. Calcium chloride proved higher efficacy for reducing both disease incidence and severity than that of sodium bicarbonate when applied either alone or combined with CBY. Also, it is observed that increasing concentrations of both sodium bicarbonate or calcium chloride showed parallel decrease in disease incidence and severity. Application of (CBY) enhanced the efficacy of salts spraying against early blight disease. Similar trend was also observed with the increase of potato tubers yield. On the light of the present study it could be suggested that the usage of combined application of the yeastS. cerevisiaewith sodium bicarbonate or calcium chloride might be used as easily applied, safely and cost effective control methods against such plant diseases.

Ammonia, pH, and Plankton in Sunshine Bass Nursery Ponds: The Effect of Inorganic Fertilizer or Sodium Bicarbonate

AbstractWhen sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops × male striped bass M. saxatilis) fingerling production ponds are filled and fertilized according to recommended practices, high pH and high un‐ionized ammonia levels often develop at the time recommended for stocking of 5‐d‐old fry. These levels often exceed those found to be lethal to sunshine bass. We compared the effects of organic fertilizer only, both organic and inorganic fertilizer, and both organic and inorganic fertilizers with sodium bicarbonate on 0.04‐ha culture ponds. Rice bran, the organic fertilizer, was applied at 278 kg/ha during the first week and 55.6 kg/ha during the second week. Liquid 9‐27‐0 NPK (urea and mono‐ammonium phosphate), the inorganic fertilizer, was applied at 48 kg/ha during both weeks. Sodium bicarbonate was applied at 56, 112, or 224 kg/ha. Primary productivity, pH, and the concentrations of ammonia, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton, and zooplankton were compared among treatments. We include results from the 12‐14 d after ponds were filled and fertilized, the period when fry are usually stocked. Sodium bicarbonate application did not reduce (P &gt; 0.05) pH in culture ponds. However, ponds that only received organic fertilizer had pH values that were significantly lower than those of the other treatments on 75% of the experiment days. Chlorophyll‐a, total ammonia nitrogen, and un‐ionized ammonia nitrogen concentrations were also significantly lower in organic‐only fertilized ponds than in the other two treatments on most days and were well below sunshine bass fry tolerance limits. For most water chemistry variables tested, use of sodium bicarbonate did not improve water quality. Although total nutrient input was lowest in the organic‐only fertilized ponds, the densities of phytoplankton, rotifers, copepod nauplii, copepod adults, and cladocerans were not significantly different from those of other treatments. These results indicate that sodium bicarbonate does not ameliorate high pH; however, use of only organic fertilizer does reduce pH without reducing zooplankton standing crops.

The effect of sodium bicarbonate alone or in combination with a reduced rate of mancozeb on the control of leaf rust [Puccinia triticina] in wheat

In vitro experiments showed that sodium bicarbonate (SBC) was effective in inhibiting urediniospore germination and germ-tube elongation of Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of leaf rust on wheat. In vitro efficacy of SBC at 0.006 and 0.012 mol/L in inhibiting the spore germination was 64.1% and 100%, respectively. Two field experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of SBC alone or in combination with reduced rates of mancozeb in inhibiting leaf rust on wheat (Triticum aestivum). The results showed that the application of SBC at 0.12 or 0.24 mol/L, sprayed twice at 2-week intervals, significantly reduced the disease severity compared with a water-treated control in two experiments. In the first field experiment, the SBC treatment at 0.12 mol/L reduced disease severity from 11.4% to 2.2% that of the water-treated control. The efficacy of SBC was comparable with that of tebuconazole. Combining SBC with a reduced rate of mancozeb (25% of label rate) did not improve the efficacy of the SBC treatment in the first field experiment. In pot experiments conducted under controlled conditions, SBC at 0.12 and 0.24 mol/L significantly reduced disease severity. The efficacy of SBC at 0.24 mol/L was higher than that of the 0.12 mol/L treatment and caused no adverse effect on quantity and quality of wheat.

Unexpected return of cardiac action after termination of cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Application of sodium bicarbonate is still an option when resuscitation efforts remain unsuccessful. Despite this, there are no recommendations on how long resuscitation should be performed after administration of this drug. Here we describe a case in which prehospital resuscitation efforts were terminated about 35 min after cardiac arrest. Seven minutes after all efforts had been discontinued, spontaneous sinus rhythm appeared front a zero-line ECG, giving normal hemodynamic values. The underlying reason might be unexpected and unrecognized hyperkalemia, which was diminished by administration of sodium bicarbonate, even under the conditions of cardiocirculatory arrest.

Lettuce tipburn as related to the cation contents of different plant parts

The effects of various cations on the incidence of tipburn in lettuce were studied. For that purpose lettuce was grown in soil in an experiment in which two concentrations of various salts were added to the irrigation water. The quantities of the salts were selected in such a way that the total ion concentrations were the same for all the salts,i.e. 25 and 50 mmol.l−1. The tipburn levels were assessed visually and at harvest, crop samples were collected from various parts of the plants and analysed for sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The application of sodium bicarbonate in the irrigation water had a significantly greater effect on the fresh weight of lettuce than the other salts. There were no significant differences between the effects of the other salts. The greater effect of sodium bicarbonate may be attributed to sodicity. The relationship between the results of the tipburn assessments and the cation contents of the various plant parts were examined in different ways. The highest correlation coefficients were obtained with multiple linear regression equations in which calcium, magnesium and sodium were included as independent variables. The correlation coefficients for the analytical results of the various plant parts ranged between 0.88 and 0.91. The correlation coefficients for the analytical results of the various potassium was used instead of sodium as the third independent variable. This is probably the result of the fact that sodium and potassium were highly correlated in the crop analyses.

Effects of saline irrigation water on glasshouse cucumbers

The salt sensitivity of cucumbers was investigated in two experiments. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the irrigation water used in the experiments ranged from 0.1 to 4.5 mmho/cm at 25°C. In another experiment the specific sensitivity of cucumbers to various salts was studied. There was a linear decrease in the yields of cucumbers as the salt concentration of the irrigation water increased. The yield reduction was about 17% for a 1 mmho/cm increase in the EC. Cucumbers showed a specific sensitivity to excess calcium and magnesium, but most detrimental was the application of sodium bicarbonate. Crop analysis showed that when sodium and chloride were added to the irrigation water, chloride was taken up in much greater quantities by the cucumbers than sodium. The addition of certain ions to the irrigation water not only had an effect on the uptake of the particular ion, but also had a significant effect on the uptake of other ions. The greatest changes in the mineral composition of the leaf occurred as a result of the application of sodium bicarbonate to the irrigation water.

The effect of some salts on head weight and tipburn of lettuce and on fruit production and blossom-end rot of tomatoes.

In an experiment with tomatoes and lettuce grown in containers, various salts were added to the irrigation water, binary salts to give 121/2 and 25 mmol, and tertiary salts to give 81/3 and 162/3 mmol per litre water. The tomato yield was reduced by 16% at the low salt level and by 28% at the high salt level, the lettuce yield by 11 and 26%, respectively. No significant differences were found in tomato yields as a result of the various salts. Sodium bicarbonate gave a greater yield reduction in lettuce than the other salts. Calcium chloride reduced tipburn in lettuce but most other salts, in particular sodium bicarbonate, increased the disorder. Some blossom-end rot occurred in tomatoes as a result of the salt applications. Magnesium chloride resulted in more blossom-end rot than the other salts. The soil was analysed at regular intervals by means of the saturation extract. Low calcium and magnesium figures were obtained after the application of sodium bicarbonate. The uptake of nutrients in the different treatments were determined by the analysis of leaf and fruit samples. The application of the different salts was clearly reflected in the chemical composition of the crop. ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT: In a trial with container-grown tomatoes and lettuce various salts were added to the irrigation water. These comprised NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, NaNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4 and NaHCO3. Binary salts were applied at 121/2 or 25 mmol and tertiary salts at 81/3 or 162/3 mmol/l water. Tomato yields were reduced by 16% at the low salt level and by 28% at the high salt level, compared with normally irrigated controls. The corresponding reductions in lettuce yields were 11 and 26%, respectively. Tomatoes showed no differences in yield in response to the various salts, but with lettuce NaHCO3 reduced yield more than the other salts. Tipburn in lettuce was reduced by adding CaCl2 but increased by most other salts, particularly NaHCO3. Treatments, particularly with MgCl2, induced some blossom-end rot in tomatoes. Nutrient uptake was determined by leaf and fruit analyses. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)