Application Of SnO2 Research Articles

Carbon-coated SnOx anchored on phosphorus-doped carbon framework as high performance anode of lithium-ion batteries

SnO2 has been recognized as one of the most potential anodes of lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity, low cost, simple synthetic method, and environmental friendliness. However, the application of SnO2 is hindered owing to its huge volume expansion (∼300 %) and poor electronic conductivity. In this work, carbon-coated SnOx containing some SnO anchored on the phosphorus-doped carbon framework (SnOx/C–P@C) has been fabricated via a novel, simple and green precipitation route using phytic acid as the complexing agent, carbon and phosphorus sources, and glucose as the second carbon source. Phosphorus-doped carbon framework in situ forms via calcining phytic acid at a high temperature. Phosphorus doping can further enhance the electronic conductivity of carbon. The carbon framework can provide sufficient buffer space to make the SnOx particles have good dispersion. The carbon layer from glucose can prevent the direct contact between SnOx and the electrolyte to decrease the side reactions and then reinforce the structure of SnOx/C–P@C. The synergistic effect of the double carbon effectively controls the volume expansion, enhances the electronic conductivity and diffusion coefficient of Li+ ions as well as capacitive contribution ratio, and reduces the charge transfer resistance of SnOx/C–P@C. The SnOx/C–P@C-0.5 sample with the carbon content of 25.8 wt% exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance. At 0.1 A g−1, the discharge specific capacity of 776.2 mAh g−1 can be reached after 100 cycles. At 0.5 A g−1, 555.5 mAh g−1 is still delivered after 200 cycles. Moreover, the sample shows good potential practical applications in the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4//SnOx/C–P@C-0.5 full cell. 687.9, 597.1, 510.1, 434.8 and 595.6 mAh g−1 are retained for the full cell at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 0.1 C, respectively. The full cell cycling for 200 cycles at 0.5 C can still light up the light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs.

Role of tin (IV) oxide as cathodic catalyst on wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation in a baffled microbial fuel cell

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has attracted extensive attentions over the past decade because it able to treat wastewater and generate bioelectricity concurrently. However, the development of cost-effective cathodic catalysts to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction was vital for practical implementation. The effect of cathodic catalyst of tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) on the removal of synthetic wastewater and power generation in a baffled MFC was explored. SnO2 was synthesized using tin (IV) pentahydrate and sodium hydroxide through a hydrothermal method. SnO2 was characterized using X-ray diffractometer before applied on the carbon plate (CP) to identify the phase composition and crystal structure, respectively. Results indicated that the chemical oxygen demand removal of synthetic wastewater was increased up to 18 % under the presence of SnO2. The application of SnO2 on CP has significantly increased the oxygen reduction reaction reactivity in the cathodic chamber.

SnO2 Anchored in S and N Co-Doped Carbon as the Anode for Long-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Tin dioxide (SnO2) has been the focus of attention in recent years owing to its high theoretical capacity (1494 mAh g−1). However, the application of SnO2 has been greatly restricted because of the huge volume change during charge/discharge process and poor electrical conductivity. In this paper, a composite material composed of SnO2 and S, N co-doped carbon (SnO2@SNC) was prepared by a simple solid-state reaction. The as-prepared SnO2@SNC composite structures show enhanced lithium storage capacity as compared to pristine SnO2. Even after cycling for 1000 times, the as-synthesized SnO2@SNC can still deliver a discharge capacity of 600 mAh g−1 (current density: 2 A g−1). The improved electrochemical performance could be attributed to the enhanced electric conductivity of the electrode. The introduction of carbon could effectively improve the reversibility of the reaction, which will suppress the capacity fading resulting from the conversion process.

Rare-earth activated SnO2 photoluminescent thin films on flexible glass: Synthesis, deposition and characterization

Flexible photonics is undoubtedly the next technological platform, capable to revolutionize current light-based technologies, thanks to their spatial freedom characteristics. Beyond polymer-based flexible photonics, the recent advent of ultrathin glasses with their mechanical flexibility has opened a new avenue for developing all-inorganic flexible photonic structures and devices. However, deposition and processing of functional coatings on such very thin glasses is an emerging challenge, in particular to obtain very good adhesion. Furthermore, to find proper management for maintaining the mechanical flexibility, investigation of impacts induced by processing and application of coatings on the ultrathin glasses is necessary. This work reports progress in obtaining rare-earth activated SnO2 photoluminescent thin films (SnO2:RE3+ with RE3+: Er3+ or Yb3+) on ultrathin AS 87 eco Schott glass (175 μm), valuable for development of flexible inorganic systems with efficient RE3+ luminescence. In such flexible photoluminescent thin films, SnO2 nanocrystals act as effective rare earth host-sensitizers, enhancing near-infrared emission of Er3+ or Yb3+. A sol-gel derived synthesis and fabrication protocol of SnO2:RE3+ coatings on the ultrathin glass was realized. A heat-treatment process at 500 °C for 4 h was defined to be suitable for obtaining crystallization of the coatings while avoiding thermally induced cracking of the AS 87 eco glass. The obtained SnO2:RE3+ thin films exhibit a wide transparency window with a transmittance of about 80% covering the 400 nm–3200 nm range. Three point bending test was carried out on the ultrathin glass and coated samples. Both thermal treatment and application of SnO2:RE3+ coatings connected with the thermal treatment (used for coating fabrication), resulted in a decrease of possible maximum elastic deformation of the final flexible structures.

Review on the Application of SnO2 in Perovskite Solar Cells

AbstractSnO2 has been well investigated in many successful state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its favorable attributes such as high mobility, wide bandgap, and deep conduction band and valence band. Several independent studies show the performances of PSCs with SnO2 are higher than that with TiO2, especially in device stability. In 2015, the first planar PSCs were reported with a power conversion efficiency over 17% using a low temperature sol‐derived SnO2 nanocrystal electron transport layer (ETL). Since then, many other groups have also reported high performance PSCs based on SnO2 ETLs. SnO2 planar PSCs show currently the highest performance in planar configuration devices (21.6%) and are close to the record holder of TiO2 mesoporous PSCs, suggesting their high potential as ETLs in PSCs. The main concerns with the application of SnO2 as ETL are that it suffers from degradation in high temperature processes and that its much lower conduction band compared to perovskite may result in a voltage loss of PSCs. Here, notable achievements to date are outlined, the unique attributes of SnO2 as ETLs in PSCs are described, and the challenges facing the successful development of PSCs and approaches to the problems are discussed.

Metal oxide-coated anodes in wastewater treatment

Electrochemical oxidation is an effective wastewater treatment method. Metal oxide-coated substrates are commonly used as anodes in this process. This article compiles the developments in the fabrication, application, and performance of metal oxide anodes in wastewater treatment. It summarizes the preparative methods and mechanism of oxidation of organics on the metal oxide anodes. The discussion is focused on the application of SnO2, PbO2, IrO2, and RuO2 metal oxide anodes and their effectiveness in wastewater treatment process.

Preparation and Application of SnO2:Sb5+ Nanoparticles as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

Preparation and Application of SnO2:Sb5+ Nanoparticles as a Heterogeneous Catalyst