Application Of RS Research Articles

A Review on the Application of RS, GIS and GPS in Agriculture and Allied Sector

A Review on the Application of RS, GIS and GPS in Agriculture and Allied Sector

Comparison of physicochemical properties and digestion behaviors of O/W emulsion stabilized by OSA/DDSA-modified high resistant starch

Emulsions stabilized by normal starch-based emulsifier could be easily digested for fat absorption. In this study, a novel design of resistant starch-based emulsifier (RSE) is expected to be a promising strategy in reducing fat digestibility. Waxy corn starch (WCS) was used to prepare RS by pullulanase debranching, and then RS was esterified with different hydrophobic agents of octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) and dodecenyl succinate anhydride (DDSA) to prepare OSA/DDAS modified RSE (OSA-R and DDSA-R). The structure and emulsification properties of OSA-R and DDSA-R were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that RS content of WCS was increased from 0.17% to 35.52% by pullulanase debranching and then RS contents of OSA-R (37.53%) and DDSA-R (42.18%) could be further increased by OSA/DDSA modifications. Moreover, both OSA-R and DDSA-R stabilized emulsions were stable under neutral and alkaline conditions and were of good quality within 10 days of storage at 4 °C. Compared with OSA-R stabilized emulsion, DDSA-R stabilized emulsion had higher acid stability, CaCl2 stability and storage stability. Furthermore, in vitro digestion study demonstrated that both OSA-R and DDSA-R stabilized emulsions exhibited strong resistance against digestion. In conclusion, two high resistant starch-based emulsifiers obtained by OSA/DDAS modifications could be used for stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions, which provide important references for the selection of RSE esterification agents and the application of RS in food industry.

Application of GIS and RS in Petroleum Exploration

As the world’s demand for energy continues to increase, the efficiency and accuracy of exploration and exploitation of oil and gas resources have become increasingly important. The development of GIS and RS technologies has provided unprecedented convenience and opportunities for the exploitation of oil and gas resources. GIS and RS technologies have played a revolutionary role in pinpointing potential oil and gas fields, evaluating exploration risks, and monitoring the environmental impacts of exploitation activities. This paper focuses on the application of GIS and RS technologies in the field of oil exploration, focusing on the application of novel data sources such as LiDAR, high-resolution remote sensing imagery, UAV, and satellite remote sensing technologies, and the role of these technologies in assessing the environmental impacts of oil exploitation. This paper concludes that GIS and RS technologies not only enhance the accuracy of oil and gas field detection but also play a non-negligible role in environmental protection. Accurately detecting changes in surface water and groundwater helps to identify and prevent the occurrence of pollution that may be caused by exploration activities at an early stage. The significance of this paper is not only to improve the efficiency and accuracy of oil exploration but also to promote environmental protection and sustainable development.

An Overview of GIS-RS Applications for Archaeological and Cultural Heritage under the DBAR-Heritage Mission

In recent decades, the application of GIS and RS in archaeological and cultural heritage (ACH) has witnessed a notable surge both in terms of quantity and scope. During the initial implementation period (2016–2021) of the Digital Belt and Road Heritage (DBAR-Heritage) working group, several instances of GIS-RS-based applications in support of cultural heritage conservation have merged. In this paper, in order to discuss the great potential of GIS and RS on the Silk Road, an overview of GIS- and RS-based applications in ACH is first presented. In a substantial portion of the published scientific literature, the identification and comprehension of archaeological sites, the monitoring and risk assessment of cultural heritage, and the management and visualization of cultural heritage data are highlighted. Following this, five illustrative case studies from the DBAR-Heritage working group are presented to exemplify how the integration of GIS and RS serves as key approaches in recognizing and appreciating cultural heritage. These selected case studies showcase the utilization of multi-source data for the identification of linear sites; detailed, refined monitoring and assessment of the Angkor Wat heritage; and the reconstruction of the Silk Road routes. These instances serve as the cornerstone for highlighting current trends in GIS and RS applications in ACH along the Silk Road. These methodologies efficiently integrate multi-source geospatial data and employ multidisciplinary approaches, ultimately furnishing sophisticated and intelligent tools for the exploration and management of archaeological and cultural heritage in the era of Big Earth Data. Subsequently, a comprehensive discussion on the merits and challenges of GIS and RS applications in ACH is presented, followed by an exploration of the current application trends. Finally, the prospects for the widespread application of GIS and RS in ACH along the Silk Road are outlined in accordance with the operational plan of DBAR-Heritage during its second implementation phase.

A Comprehensive Review of Application of RS, GIS and GPS in Agriculture India

Food and fibre, two of humanity's most fundamental requirements, are met by agriculture. In the last century, new farming methods have been introduced, such as the Green Revolution, which has enabled agriculture to keep up with the increasing demand for food and other agricultural goods. But population growth, rising income levels, and increased food demand will probably put more stress on the planet's natural resources. As the detrimental effects of agriculture on the environment become more widely acknowledged, new methods and strategies need to be able to meet future food needs while preserving or lessening the environmental footprint of agriculture. Informed management decisions aiming at increasing crop production could be made with the help of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), big data analysis, and geospatial technology. Many scientists, engineers, agronomists, and researchers use a variety of technologies each year to boost agricultural output while minimising pollution, yet these efforts have a negative environmental impact. Precision agriculture examines how technology might be applied to enhance agricultural practises relative to traditional methods while minimising negative environmental effects. Precision agriculture greatly benefits from the deployment of remote sensing technologies, which also presents new chances to enhance agricultural practises. Geographically, latitude and longitude data can be recorded for field data (slope, aspect, nutrients, and yield) using the global positioning system (GPS). Because of its ability to continuously determine and record the right position, it can build a larger database for the user. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which can handle and store these data, are needed for the additional analysis. This review will offer you an overview of Remote Sensing technology, GPS, and GIS, and how it might be used for precision agriculture.

Impact of Long-term Soil and Water Conservation Training for Effective Implementation of Watershed Programmes in India

Responses received from fi eld functionaries who had completed fi ve and a half months of long-term soil and water conservation training at the Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation during 2003–2009 were analyzed to determine training impact as well as training needs for eff ective implementation of watershed management Programmes in India. The majority of trainees (81%) had total service experience ranging from 10 to 20 years. Major responsibilities of trainees mainly involved in planning and execution of watershed and soil conservation projects. The topic of structural measures for soil and water conservation in non-arable lands received the highest mean score from trainees (2.57), followed by the application of RS and GIS, map reading, delineation, characterization of watersheds (2.38),water harvesting, storage, and recycling for irrigation planning (2.33). This study further indicates that capacity-building programmes improve not only individual knowledge but also the productivity of their working areas. This fi ndings also identifi ed that lack of appropriate literature on SWC technologies is found as a major technological constraint in order to implement watershed project more eff ectively.

Geospatial analysis for the identification and mapping of groundwater potential zones using RS and GIS at Eastern Gojjam, Ethiopia

Groundwater, an impressive source of quality water particularly for potable and irrigation. Geospatial analysis of identifying and mapping groundwater potential zones significantly reduce the costs and time of exploration and proper allocation of dried boreholes that helps to avoid failure of groundwater withdrawal planning and development. This research aimed to analysis geospatial identification and mapping of groundwater potential zones. In this study, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data used to prepare a slope and drainage density map. Lineaments (automatically extracted with PCI Geomatica) and land use/land cover maps were derived from Sentinel 2A data. Supervised classification (maximum likelihood classifier) was applied with an overall accuracy of 84.34% and kappa coefficient of 0.825. Rainfall data from twenty-two meteorological stations was used to prepare rainfall thematic map using Inverse Distance Weight interpolation method. All factors were reclassified based on their class value into five classes, namely: ‘very high’, ‘high’, ‘moderate’, ‘low’, and ‘very low’. A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis with Analytical Hierarchy Process was implemented with a consistency ratio (CR) value of 0.0098, which is < 0.1. Findings were obtained using a weighted sum overlay analysis of each factor's value multiplied by its corresponding weight. Therefore, 12.78% and 24.1% of the total area has ‘very high’ and ‘high’ potential for groundwater, respectively. Whereas, 29.2%, 24.26%, and 9.65% of the zone have ‘moderate’, ‘low’ and ‘very low’ potential, respectively. Finally, the result was validated with borehole data and the overall accuracy was found to be 87.17%. In conclusion, the application of RS and GIS are powerful tools to identify and map groundwater potential areas with a combination of different groundwater contributing factors.

P222 Raman Spectroscopy in the diagnosis of pIBD: experimental study

Abstract Background Diagnostic delay is a major issue among the paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (pIBD) population because of the association with higher risk of complications and growth failure. At present, non-invasive serological and faecal biomarkers lack sufficient sensibility and/or sensitivity to be used as a diagnostic tool in clinical practice and none can discriminate between Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). In this setting, new non-invasive diagnostic tools with better diagnostic performance are needed.Raman Spectroscopy (RS) is a spectroscopic technique that relies on the inelastic scattering process of monochromatic light. Through the analysis of spectra molecular changes can be identified.The overall objective of this study was to explore RS performance as a non-invasive diagnostic test in IBD diagnosis. Methods RS was applied to the analysis of stool protein extracts in pIBD patients and a control group. Being directly in contact with the intestine stool can provide information on the bacterial and inflammatory background and represents an excellent sample material to study. At our Paediatric Gastroenterology Unit 55 patients (age 0–18) were enrolled, 32 cases (20 MC, 2 Very Early Onset-IBD, 9 CU, 2014 Porto criteria), 23 controls (functional constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, Rome IV criteria). Protein extract from faecal samples (obtained by the same kit test used to evaluate faecal calprotectin) were analysed with a DXR- Smart Raman Spectrometer (thermos Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) with a 785 nm diode laser. After obtaining a spectrum the analysis focused on the band in the wavenumber range of about 1550–1750 cm-1 which defines the amide-I vibration modes, deconvolution of this band was performed. Ratio of the area of the sub-bands, parameter R, was calculated. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve and Youden Index (J) were used for statistical analysis. Results As represented by the ROC curve R showed a great diagnostic accuracy in differentiating between cases and controls, AUC 0,9389 (0,87-1,00) figure 1. A cut-off value of 1,2 distinguished cases from controls with sensibility 0,9 (0,78-0,95), specificity 1 (0,85-1), figure 2. In the group of cases R distinguished CD from UC, AUC 0,83 (0,65-1) figure 3. A cut of value of 1,4 distinguished CD from UC with sensibility 1 (0,69-1), specificity 0,83 (0,58-0,96) figure 4. Conclusion This is the first application of RS as a non-invasive diagnostic tool on stool samples. Preliminary data show that RS may recognize IBD from non-IBD features, and, what is completely new, it can discriminate the two main forms of IBD, CD and UC. Future prospective studies including patients with suspected IBD will help defining the diagnostic performance.

Multi-criteria Land Suitability Analysis for Agriculture in Semi-Arid Region of Kadapa District, Southern India: Geospatial Approaches

This research proposes an integrated methodology for incorporating RS, GIS and AHP techniques for the assessment of agricultural land suitability. In Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India, study is being done on how to best promote agriculture as a source of income to boost the economy of the region. A combined RS, GIS and AHP techniques has been utilized that incorporates organizing AHP hierarchy, criteria specification, pairwise comparison, and criterion map preparation. Land suitability comparison showed that an area of 4.42 km2 (2.62%) is appropriate for irrigation, while an area of 54.39 km2 (32.33%) is appropriate moderately suitable for rainfed agriculture and 95.76 km2 (56.93%) is marginally suitable for agricultural productions. About 13.64 km2 (8.11%) land is currently not suitable for agricultural production. Additionally, the analysis clearly shows the necessity of a decrease in irrigated agricultural land and an increase in dry farm agricultural land. This application of RS, GIS and AHP based agricultural land suitability analysis is helpful in referring agricultural activities to the areas with good physical and environmental conditions, allowing maximum agricultural efficiency in the countryside, increasing non-agricultural uses in areas with low efficiency, and avoiding the construction and environmental pressures on suitable farmland.

Application of GIS and RS in real time crop monitoring and yield forecasting: a case study of cotton fields in low and high productive farmlands

Badland reclamation and low productive farmlands always have been one of the most detrimental effects on the national economy, typically in agricultural sector of Uzbekistan. Nonetheless, such kind of lands has been used extensively for major crops like cotton and winter wheat. However, it is difficult to assessing real productivity of them. Advanced technologies as GIS and RS are vital tool for geospatially analysing and making decisions on this type of fields. This research was carried out for real-time crop monitoring and yield forecasting in case of low productive (3.5 ha) and high productive (8.3 ha) cotton areas of Jarkurgan district (Surkhandarya region, Uzbekistan) based on geospatial analyses of multi-temporal satellite images, condition of groundwater, soil salinity, and ground truth data. For monitoring vegetation phenology of cotton and forecasting its harvest, False Colour, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and SI (Salinity Index) analyses of areas were carried out by using 6 temporal windows of multi-temporal Sentinel 2 from April through August 2019. Besides, groundwater condition data which was obtained from observation wells these located in massives consists of both cotton fields was analysed by IDW (Inverse Distance Weighting) interpolation algorithm method to determine groundwater’s effect to vegetation development and yield.

Short-Term Effect of the Addition of Rice Husk Gasification Slag on the Movement and Transformation of Phosphorus in Different Soil Types

Rice husk gasification slag (RS) is a type of biochar that is one of the main by-products generated from the production of biomass power with rice husk as the feed. This study aimed to explore the short-term effect of the application of RS on the movement and transformation of fertilizer P in two different soil types through an incubation experiment. The results showed that the RS addition had a significant influence on the diffusive movement of P in soil microsites close to fertilizer placements both in latosolic red soil and fluvo-aquic soil. After 50 d of incubation, most of the WE-P (water-extractable P), AE-P (acid-extractable P), and Olsen-P (available P) were concentrated within 0–5 mm from the fertilization site. WE-P, Olsen-P, and the movement amount of the P in the 0–5 mm soil section were significantly increased at all levels of the RS application in the fertilizer P both in the two soil types. The application of the RS reduced the sorption and precipitation of the fertilizer P in the soil and improved the efficiency of the fertilizer P. The findings presented in this study may be used as references in developing RS applications that reduce losses of fertilizer P and reduce environmental risks.

Application of RS & GIS in Regional Landslides Susceptibility Mapping and Spatiotemporal Characteristics Analysis

Landslide susceptibility mapping is one of the most important aspects of landslide early warning and prediction. Therefore, it is very necessary to improve the accuracy of landslide susceptibility assessment by focusing on the mapping results. Besides, as the obvious spatial and temporal heterogeneity of regional landslide susceptibility, revealing and mastering the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of landslide susceptibility and analyzing their possible genetic mechanisms, have significant guidance for the development of landslide prevention measurements. With the integrated application of RS and GIS technology, firstly, this paper acquires and manages the landslide impact factors in the study area, then the regional landslide susceptibility zonation map is drawn, and finally, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the regional landslide susceptibility distribution are analyzed. It is shown that RS and GIS can play very important roles in the regional landslide susceptibility mapping and spatiotemporal characteristics analysis.

Application of RS and GIS in Landuse and Landcover Mapping in Solapur City

Application of RS and GIS in Landuse and Landcover Mapping in Solapur City

Land Use Land Cover Mapping, Change Detection and Analyzing Landcover Dynamics using Remote Sensing and GIS- A Case Study of Coastal Honnavar, Karnataka

Land use and land cover change (LULCC) become a central component in current strategies for sustainable management of natural resources and monitoring environmental changes in the central Western Ghats more specially Coastal region of Honnavar Taluka, Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka. Thus advanced geospatial technologies required for mapping land use land cover types at the landscape level and analysis. The result shows that reduction in major land cover within an 11-year period is tropical evergreen/ semi-evergreen forest, water bodies. Thus conserving these valuable natural assets is essential for eco-hydrological services. However forest plantation, agricultural land, habitate increased. With respect to rate of changes, land use deviation and dynamic degrees in Honnavar block maximum rate of fluctuation was observed in Scrub however and found marginally with cropland, habitat with vegetation, town and cities and aquaculture ponds. With respect to land use dynamic degree of aquaculture pond, scrub forest, forest plantation, cropland, habitat with vegetation and town/ city settlement, cultivated land and town land have increased. Additionally, the study found that using satellite imagery and application of RS and GIS is a cost-effective and time-saving way to reveal the historical land cover states and trends. Such an approach can be used to construct missing information and data set sufficient for mapping of LULCC for watershed management. Keywords Land use land cover change; Land use deviation and dynamic degrees; RS; GIS DOI: https://doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.376

Research advances on structural characterization of resistant starch and its structure-physiological function relationship: A review

ABSTRACTResistant starch (RS) is defined as the fraction of starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine due to either difficult enzyme/starch contact or to the strength of the crystalline regions formed both in native starch and in those retrograded starch. RS occurs naturally in some foods, and some may be generated in others as the results of several processing conditions. Varieties of techniques have been employed to obtain structural characteristics of RS such as their crystallinity, structural order, chain-length distribution and conformation, helicity, and double-helical structures. These structures play an important role in determining the physiological properties of RS such as their prebiotic and hypoglycaemic properties. However, such topic on structural characterization of RS and their structure-physiological function relationship have not been reviewed in previous literatures. Therefore, this review focuses on the past and current achievements of research on structural characterizations of a range of RS prepared from different sources of native starches as a result of a variety of processing conditions. The potential relationships between the structure and the physiological properties of RS, which is of paramount importance for the furtherance understanding and application of RS, are also reviewed in this study.

Application of GIS and RS for Flood Evacuation Planning: Olpad Taluka (Surat) Case Study

Application of GIS and RS for Flood Evacuation Planning: Olpad Taluka (Surat) Case Study

Application of RS and GIS Techniques in the Analysis of Morphometric Characteristics of Upper Berach River Basin, Rajasthan State

Application of RS and GIS Techniques in the Analysis of Morphometric Characteristics of Upper Berach River Basin, Rajasthan State

Application of RS and GIS for Land Use/Land Cover, Geomorphological Studies in Nalgonda District, Telangana, India

The Land Sat 8 ETM+ satellite image of an area 17579 sq.km. Corresponding to the Nalgonda District and Ramadugu study region (1200 sq.km) in the northwestern part of Cuddapah basin, Telangana State was analyzed to determine the geological/structural configuration, land use land cover and geomorphology of the regions. The disposition of various faults, other lineaments and thirteen (1 to 13) radial drainage structures in the region were delineated. The findings are significant in view of the paucity of structural data in the region and form a geo structural data base for prognostication of lamproites.

The Application of RS and GIS Technologies on Landslide Information Extraction of ALOS Images in Yanbian Area, China

This paper mainly introduces the methods of extracting landslide information using ALOS(Advanced Land Observing Satellite) images and GIS(Geographical Information System) technology. In this study, we classified images using three different methods which are the unsupervised、the supervised and the PCA(Principal Components Analysis) for extracting landslide information based on characteristics of ALOS image. From the image classification results, we found out that the quality of classified image extracted with PCA supervised method was superior than the other images extracted with the other methods. But the accuracy of landslide information extracted from this image classification was still very low as the pixels were very similar between the landslide and safety regions. It means that it is really difficult to distinguish those areas with an image classification method alone because the values of pixels between the landslide and other areas were similar, particularly in a region where the landslide and other areas coexist. To solve this problem, we used the LSM(Landslide Susceptibility Map) created with ArcView software through weighted overlay GIS method in the areas. Finally, the developed LSM was applied to the image classification process using the ALOS images. The accuracy of the extracted landslide information was improved after adopting the PCA and LSM methods. Finally, we found that the landslide region in the study area can be calculated and the accuracy can also be improved with the LSM and PCA image classification methods using GIS tools.

Leksell Gamma Knife for pediatric and adolescent cerebral arteriovenous malformations: results of 100 cases followed up for at least 36 months

The goal of this study was to evaluate advantages, risks, and failures of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in a large series of pediatric and adolescent patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (cAVMs) who were followed up for at least 36 months. Since February 1993, 100 pediatric and adolescent patients (≤ 18 years of age) with cAVMs have undergone GKRS at the authors' institution and were followed up for at least 36 months. Forty-six patients were boys and 54 were girls; the mean age was 12.8 years (range 3-18 years). Hemorrhage, either alone or combined with seizure, was the clinical onset in 70% of cases. The mean pre-GK cAVM volume was 2.8 ml; 92% of cAVMs were Spetzler-Martin (S-M) Grades I-III. Most lesions (94%) were in eloquent or deep-seated brain regions, according to S-M classification. The parameters for mean and range in treatment planning were prescription isodose 53.8% (40%-90%); prescription dose (PD) 20.2 Gy (9.0-26.4 Gy); maximal dose (MD) 37.8 Gy (18-50 Gy); and number of shots 4.7 (1-17). On the day of GKRS, stereotactic CT or stereotactic MRI and digital subtraction angiography were used. Obliteration rate (OR) was angiographically documented in 75 of 84 cases (89.3%) after single-session GKRS, with actuarial ORs at 3 and 5 years of 68.0% and 88.1%, respectively. A repeat treatment was performed in 7 patients (6 with obliteration), and 16 patients with cAVMs underwent staged treatment (9 of them were angiographically cured). Thus, the overall OR was 90%, with actuarial ORs at 3, 5, and 8 years of 59.0%, 76.0%, and 85.0%, respectively. Permanent symptomatic GK-related complications were observed in 11% of cases, with surgical removal of enlarged mass seen on post-RS imaging needed in 5 cases. Hemorrhage during the latency period occurred in 9% of patients, but surgical evacuation of the hematoma was required in only 1 patient. One patient died due to rebleeding of a brainstem cAVM. Radiosurgery outcomes varied according to cAVM sizes and doses: volumes ≤ 10 ml and PDs > 16 Gy were significantly associated with higher ORs and lower rates of permanent complication and bleeding during the latency period. The data from this study reinforce the conclusion that GKRS is a safe and effective treatment for pediatric and adolescent cAVMs, yielding a high OR with minimal permanent severe morbidity and no mortality. The very low frequency of severe hemorrhages during the latency period further encourages a widespread application of RS in such patients. Univariate analysis found that modified RS-based cAVM score, nidus volume, PD, integral dose, S-M grade, and preplanned treatment (the last 2 parameters were also confirmed on multivariate analysis) significantly influenced OR. Lower S-M grades and single-session planned treatments correlated with shorter treatment obliteration interval on univariate analysis. This statistical analysis suggests that a staged radiosurgical treatment should be planned when nidus volume > 10 ml and/or when the recommended PD is ≤ 16 Gy.