Application Of RDF Research Articles

Influence of Nano Urea and Nano DAP on Growth and Productivity of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) During kharif season

A two years field experiment was conducted at AICRP on sunflower, Zonal agricultural research station, UASB, GKVK, Bengaluru during kharif, 2022 and 2023 to study the effect of nano urea and nano DAP on growth and productivity of sunflower. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with thirteen treatments (50 % RDN+ Nano N @ 4 ml, 50 % RDN+ Nano N @ 6 ml, 75 % RDN+ Nano N @ 4 ml, 75 % RDN+ Nano N @ 6 ml, 50 % RDNP + Nano N & P @ 4 ml, 50 % RDNP + Nano N & P @ 6 ml, 75 % RDNP + Nano N & P @ 4 ml, 75 % RDNP + Nano N & P @ 6 ml, RDF + Normal urea spray @ 1%, RDF+ DAP spray @ 1%, RDF+ FYM, RDF and absolute control) each replicated thrice. The results revealed that significantly higher plant height (199.89 cm), number of leaves per plant (30.26), leaf area (5557 cm2 plant-1), leaf area index (3.09), total dry matter production (146.70 g plant-1), capitulum diameter (19.06 cm), no. of seeds per capitulum (1147), seed yield (2026 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (4395 kg ha-1) were recorded with the application of RDF+ FYM and it was found on par with application of 75 % RDN+ Nano N @ 6 ml.

Comparative analysis of manures and fertilizer on okra growth, yield and its economics in Baitadi, Nepal

Embracing organic techniques can minimize environmental impacts and promote practices that enhance soil and ecological health. A field experiment to study, “Comparative Analysis of Manures and Fertilizer on Okra Growth, Yield and its Economics in Baitadi, Nepal” was conducted at Gokuleshwor Agriculture and Animal Science College in 2023. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications and 7 treatments. The variety used in this experiment was ‘Arka Anamika’. The treatments used in the experiment were FYM, Goat manure, Poultry manure, Vermicompost, Sesame cake, RDF, and Control (no fertilizer). The fertilizer provided the necessary nitrogen, while the insufficient phosphorus and potassium were supplemented with single super phosphate and muriate of potash, respectively. Results revealed that the application of different fertilizers significantly affected various vegetative and reproductive parameters such as germination days, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches, number of buds, number of open flowers, number of pods, pod’s length, girth of pods, weight of pods and yield. The results obtained were minimum germination days(4.64) for RDF. Maximum plant height(208.43cm), maximum stem diameter(9.4cm), and number of branches(24.27) were obtained by application of poultry manure at 60 DAS. A maximum number of buds, open flowers, and pods were recorded in poultry manure and RDF application at 75 DAS. The maximum length of the pod(12.52cm) in vermicompost and the maximum girth of the pod(1.59cm) in poultry manure were obtained while the maximum wt. of the pod(14.1gm) in sesame cake. The application of poultry manure obtained a maximum yield per hectare(15.51t/ha). Also in the B: C ratio, Poultry manure exhibited higher(2.65) as compared to other treatments. From this study, we can conclude that poultry manure could contribute to the higher yield and overall attributes of okra.

Assessing the Growth and Yield Metrics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) as Affected by Foliar Nutrient Management

An experiment titled was conducted at the Agriculture Research Station, Badnapur, Maharashtra, under Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani during the kharif season of July 2018-19. The primary objective was to assess the impact of foliar nutrition on the growth, yield, and economic performance of pigeonpea. The study was designed using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten different treatments and three replications, utilizing the BDN-716 variety of Pigeonpea. The total rainfall received during crop season was 437 mm.The findings indicated that applying RDF combined with a 2% solution of DAP and Multimicronutrient at a rate of 2 ml/litre during 50% flowering resulted in the highest plant height (150 cm), number of branches (14.33), functional leaves (96.67), dry matter accumulation (143.33), pod count (73.67), pod weight per plant (52.67 g), seed yield per plant (38.67 kg/ha), 100-seed weight (14 g), and overall seed yield (1650 kg/ha). It also yielded the highest straw yield (4100 kg/ha), biological yield (5750 kg/ha), harvest index (28.69). This was followed closely by the application of RDF with 2% urea and Multimicronutrient spray at 2 ml/litre. RDF (25:50:00 NPK kg/ha) in combination with 2% DAP and multimicronutrient @ 2 ml/litre spray was found to be the best treatment for enhancing overall growth and yield of pigeonpea.

Effect of plant growth regulators and fertilizers on the growth and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L.)

A field experiment was carried out to assess the effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators and fertilizers on the growth, yield attributes and grain yield of black gram. The results revealed that the application of RDF + DAP 2% + NAA 60 ppm recorded significantly higher growth attributes viz., plant height (47.87 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (34.22), number of primary branches plant-1 (7.06) and number of secondary branches plant-1 (19.63), as well as yield and yield attributes including number of pods plant-1 (34.39), pod length (6.82 cm), number of grains pod-1 (6.61), test weight (38.67g), grain yield (1234.19 kg ha-1) and straw yield (3640 kg ha-1). The net returns and benefitcost ratio (Rs. 75667.66 and 2.17, respectively) were also recorded substantially higher with the application of RDF + DAP 2% + NAA 60 ppm over the rest of the treatments. Based on the present findings it was concluded that the application of RDF + DAP 2% + NAA 60 ppm in black gram crop is profitable.

Effect of Biological Products on Yield, Production Economics and Soil Nutrient Status of Transplanted kharif Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Gangetic Alluvial Soil of West Bengal, India

Field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2017 and 2018 at Instructional Farm under Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal in sandy loam soil to study the growth and yield of transplanted kharif rice variety Satabdi (cv. IET 4786) as influenced by biological products. The experiment was laid down in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven treatment combinations replicated thrice. Results revealed that RDF + soil applied Bolt GR @ 10 kg/ha produced higher growth attributes and yield of tested rice cultivar. The same treatment registered significantly higher total N and K uptake in tested cultivar; while the highest P uptake was recorded with RDF + Seed treatment with JumpStart2.0 @ 0.83 ml/kg seed. The treatment RDF + soil applied Azospirillum @ 2 kg/ha brought about significant positive changes of available N content in post-harvest soil over control situation (only RDF). However, significantly higher available P content was estimated in plots with RDF + soil applied PSB @ 2 kg/ha. Application of bio-products failed to exert any significant influence on residual soil K. The crop receiving RDF + soil applied Bolt GR @ 10 kg/ha gave highest gross return, net return and B:C ratio. Hence, application of RDF (60-30-30 kg N, P2O5 and K2O/ha) along with Bolt GR @ 10 kg/ha or Azospirillum @ 2 kg/ha may be recommended to achieve higher grain yield of tested cultivar Satabdi (cv. IET 4786).

Effect of Integrated Use of Manures and Fertilizers on Physico-chemical Properties of Soil and Yield of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)

A field experiment was conducted during 2014-15 and 2015-16 in a thirty years old coconut garden of cultivar Pratap to study the effect of Integrated Use of Manures and Fertilizers on Physico-chemical Properties of Soil and Yield of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Accordingly, treatments were applied to coconut orchard in three splits (viz., Stage I- June, Stage II- October and Stage III- February) in a year. Soil samples were collected periodically before fertilizers application and analysed for different physico-chemical properties (viz., pH, EC and organic carbon). The yield of each palm was recorded throughout the year under experimental plot. The application of RDN through FYM at 25 kg/palm/year + Neem Cake at 15 kg/palm/year + Vermicompost at 6 kg/palm/year (T10) recorded significant increase in pH, EC and organic carbon content in soil of coconut orchard. Also the physico-chemical properties of soil found to be improved during second year over the first year of experimentation. The application of RDF + Azadirachtin + Micronutrients through briquettes (T5) received highest yield of coconut. Therefore, it is concluded that application of RDF along with Azadirachtin and Micronutrients through Konkan Annapurna Briquettes in three splits (i.e. June, October and February) is beneficial for increasing the yield of coconut.

Impact of bio-inoculants and bio-formulations on growth and yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa)

An experiment was conducted during 2011–12 at Arabhavi, Karnataka, to study the impact of bio-inoculants and bio-formulations on growth and yield of ‘Salem’ cultivar of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Turmeric cv. ‘Salem’ showed better response to combined application of inorganic fertilizers, bio-inoculants and bio-formulations than other treatments used in the study. Combined application of recommended dose of fertilizer [(RDF), FYM @ 25 t/ha and N:P:K @ 180:90:90 kg/ha) + VA-Mycorrhiza (VAM) + Trichoderma harzianum + Panchagavya + Amrit pani resulted in higher fresh rhizome yield and growth parameters, viz. plant height, pseudostem diameter, leaf area and leaf-area index, which was at par with the treatment, RDF + VAM + Trichoderma harzianum. Similarly, the highest benefit: cost ratio of 4.87 was obtained with the application of RDF + VAM + Trichoderma harzianum + Panchagavya + Amrit pani compared to the other treatments. Hence planting of turmeric rhizome with combination of RDF + VAM + Trichoderma harzianum + Panchagavya + Amrit pani was profitable under northern dry zone of Karnataka.

Effect of Foliar Nutrition on Growth and Yield of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan. (L.) Mill sp.

Pigeonpea is most important rainfed pulse crop of Karnataka. Yield of pigeonpea is fluctuating due to variation in climate causing flower drop and poor pod set. The field experiment was conducted to study growth and yield of pigeonpea as influenced by foliar nutrition. The experiment consisted of foliar application of two types of nutrients (19:19:19 and Pulse magic), two growth promoters (NAA, and N - Triacontanol) and their combinations at flowering and pod formation stages. The growth and yield attributes varied significantly and RDF + foliar application of 1% pulse magic at flowering and pod formation stage recorded significantly higher plant height (144.6 cm), number of branches (16.8 plant‑1), leaf area (3218 cm2 plant-1), total dry matter accumulation (135.5 g plant-1), absolute growth rate (0.812 g plant-1 day-1,), crop growth rate (5.19 g m-2 day-1) and relative growth rate (0.01 g g-1 day-1) as compared to control (122.2 cm, 12.9, 2421 cm2 plant-1, 89.4 g plant-1, 0.633 g plant-1 day-1, 4.24 g m-2 day-1 and 0.007 g g-1 day-1, respectively) at harvest. Higher seed yield (1590 kg ha-1), stalk yield (4308 kg ha-1) and harvest index (0.26) recorded with the application of RDF + foliar application of 1% pulse magic at flowering and pod formation stage and lower seed yield, stalk yield and harvest index (1104 kg ha-1, 3416 kg ha-1 and 0.23, respectively) was recorded with control treatment.

Effect of Soil and Foliar Application of Humic Acid on Nutrient Uptake, Grain and Straw Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) under Inceptisols

Black gram is a type of legume that is widely cultivated and consumed in various parts of the world. It is believed to have originated in the Indian subcontinent and is one of the oldest cultivated legumes in the world. The field experiment was carried out to during kharif season of the year 2022 at departmental farm of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Latur. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and eight treatments viz., T1 (RDF), T2 (RDF + Foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2 % at 20 & 35 DAS), T3 (RDF + soil application of humic acid @ 10 kg ha-1), T4 (RDF + soil application of humic acid @ 15 kg ha-1), T5 (RDF + soil application of humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1), T6 (T3 + foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2% at 20 & 35 DAS), T7 (T4 + foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2% at 20 & 35 DAS), T8 (T5 + foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2% at 20 & 35 DAS). The field study indicated that the nutrient uptake and content and grain and straw yield of black gram crop were significantly influenced due to soil and foliar application of humic acid and RDF. The uptake of N, P and K were recorded at harvest. Significant and maximum uptake of N, P and K were noticed with application of treatment T8 (RDF + soil application of humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1+ foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2% at 20 and 35 DAS), whereas the T1 (RDF) showed least values. grain and straw yield significantly affected due to T8 (RDF + soil application of humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1 + foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2% at 20 and 35 DAS) and the lowest grain and straw yield were recorded in T1 (RDF). Thus, it can be concluded that the soil and foliar application of humic acid increase the nutrient uptake and grain and straw yield. The significantly superior result recorded by treatment T8 (RDF + soil application of humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1 + foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2% at 20 and 35 DAS) next to this treatment T7 (RDF + soil application of humic acid @ 10 kg ha-1 + foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2% at 20 and 35 DAS) was best option. The significant increase in grain and straw yield of black gram was due to application of RDF with soil and foliar application of humic acid which mitigates scarcity, increased absorption effectively and increased photosynthetic activity which leads to higher grain and straw yield.

Impact Possibility of Organic, Inorganic and Integrated Production Systems for Crop Productivity and Soil Fertility

A field experiment was conducted from 2015-16 to 2021-22 at the Centre for Research on IFS, S.D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar to study the Impact possibility of organic, inorganic and integrated production systems for crop productivity and soil fertility. Crop sequence Groundnut- wheat-greengram recorded significantly highest groundnut equivalent yield (4886 kg/ha) with application of RDF + 10 t/ha FYM once in year, The percent increase in average of three cropping sequences was about 39.1 % in soil organic carbon, 4.1 % in soil available nitrogen, 1.6 % in available phosphorus, 7.2 % in available soil potash, 26.1% in Fe, 22% in Mn, 15.1% in Zn and 64.7% in Cu, while 9.9 % increase in soil water holding capacity and 2.1 % decrease in bulk density, highest microbial counts (bacteria, Actinomycetes and Fungi) under 100 % organic treatment over treatment of State recommendations + 10 FYM/ha once in a year.

Performance evaluation of sulphur oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus thiooxidans) on productivity and quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Field experiments were conducted with an objective of assessing the performance of Sulphur Oxidizing Bacteria (SOB) on productivity and quality of sunflower during Kharif and rabi seasons 2021. The results revealed that, application of RDF (60:90:60 kg NPK/ha) + sulphur @ 20 kg/ha with SOB as seed treatment @ 1 kg/ha + soil application @ 1 kg/ha recorded significantly higher value of head diameter (18.6cm), grain/capitulum (1015 Nos.), seed yield (2440 kg/ha), oils content (42.5%), gross return (˂109800/ha), net return (˂54400/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.98) compared to application of RDF alone and control. However, it was on par with application of RDF + sulphur @ 20 kg/ha combined with SOB as soil application @ 2 kg/ha. From the experimental results, it was concluded that application of RDF (60:90:60 kg NPK/ha) + sulphur @ 20 kg/ha with SOB as seed treatment @ 1kg/ha and soil application @ 1 kg/ha is an economically viable options to enhance productivity and oil content of the sunflower.

Influence of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of mustard (Brassica Juncea L.)

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2020- 2021 at Experimental Farm, Agronomy, Oilseeds Research Station with objectives of to study the influence of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of mustard. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 8 treatments each with three replications. The results of the experiment indicated that combined application of RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha (T3) observed significantly maximum growth parameters, dry matter, yield attributes and yield. The application of RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha (T3) recorded the significantly highest oil content. The application of RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha (T3) obtained maximum net returns. Highest B:C ratio was obtained with the application of RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha (T3).

Effect of foliar nutrition on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] productivity under rainfed condition of Manipur

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2017 to find out the response of soybean yield to application of foliar nutrition under rainfed condition of Manipur. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments which were replicated thrice. Treatments consist of application of foliar nutrient with recommended dose of fertilizer. Results showed that application of foliar nutrients significantly influenced the yield of soybean. Application of RDF + MOP 0.5% at pod initiation produced maximum seed yield of 2096 kg/ha followed by application of RDF + Urea 2% spray at pod initiation (1988 kg/ha) and RDF + 19:19:19 (NPK) 2% at pod initiation (1964 kg/ha).

Response of soybean to novel bio formulation on growth and yield enhancement in Soybean

A field experiment was conducted in kharif 2021 to assess the response of bioformulations in conjunction with RDF on soybean. Seven treatments comprised of bioformulation combinations of recommended dose of fertilizers in conjunction with BioZn, Bio NPK, Rhizobium + MDSR 14 + 12c, one absolute RDF along with control were analyzed in a randomized block design and were replicated thrice. Maximum yield (2702 kg/ha) was obtained with application of RDF only followed by 75 % RDF + Rhizobium + MDSR 14 + 12c (2563 kg/ha) which signified the yield improvement is possible with combined application of fertilizers and biofertilizers.

Effect of different organic inputs on agronomic and economic performance of sesame under rainfed conditions of North Maharashtra

A field experiment was conducted at Oilseeds Research Station, MPKV, Jalgaon to assess the performance of most suitable organic source for sesame production and its economics during the kharif season of 2021. Application of FYM on N equivalent basis + foliar application of 3% Panchgavya at flowering and capsule formation stage + Foliar application of Pseudomonas and Azotobactor 2 lit /ha both + soil application of Pseudomonas and Azotobactor (2.5 lit /ha + 200 kg FYM) recorded numerically higher seed yield ( 568 kg/ ha) over rest of the treatments, whereas higher net returns ( 26078/ha) and B: C ratio of 2.13 was obtained under application of RDF ( 50 % N as basal and remaining 50 % in 2 split doses) over rest of the organic sources.

Effect of micronutrients and bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of kharif Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

A field experiment was carried out during rainy season-2021 at Experimental farm, Oilseeds Research Station, Latur, to evaluate the effect of zinc and bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and quality parameters of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) variety LGN-1. Application of RDF (25:50:00 NPK kg/ha) + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/ha + Rhizobium @ 250ml/10 kg of seed + PSB @ 250ml/10 kg of seed (T7) produced higher growth, yield and quality traits along with good net returns and B:C ratio.

Effect of green manure incorporation on yield of subsequent groundnut crop

Field experiments were carried out during 2019 to 2021 at Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam to Study the effect of green manure incorporation on yield of subsequent groundnut crop. The result revealed that higher mean pod yield of (2710 kg/ha) was recorded in the treatment (M2 S3) Sunhemp incorporation with 75% RDF application. The pod yield was on par with the green manure crop daincha incorporated with 75 % RDF (M3S3). The treatment control recorded the lowest yield.

Seaweed Extract's Effect on Carrot (Daucus carota. L) Growth. Super Kuroda

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2022 on carrot variety ‘Super kuroda’ in sandy loam soil at Horticultural Garden, Professor Jaya Shankar Telangana State Agriculture University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. To study the effect of seaweed extract on the growth parameters of carrots. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with eight treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments include various sources of biostimulants viz., Seaweed extract liquid, seaweed granules, vermicompost and vermiwash given as foliar application on three stages viz., first spray on 2-3 leaves stage and thereafter at every 20 days interval and as soil application twice at the time of sowing as well as 30 DAS.The various growth parameters were recorded. The results revealed that on application of RDF + soil application of seaweed extract twice at the time of sowing and at 30 DAS + foliar spray thrice 2.5 ml l-1 of water significantly increased the growth parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, chlorophyll content.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Quality of Summer Pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Varieties

A field experiment on “Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of summer pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] varieties” was carried out during summer 2022 on loamy sand soil of Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar. The experiment was laid out in RBD with factorial concept with four replication. The result revealed that significantly higher plant height, effective tillers/plant, girth, length and weight of earhead, grain weight/earhead, grain yield (3366 kg/ha), straw yield (5970 kg/ha) and protein yield were recorded with GHB 1129. It also gave the higher net return (₹53663/ha) and BCR (2.233). Significantly higher plant height, effective tillers/plant, girth, length and weight of earhead, grain weight/earhead, grain yield (3576 kg/ha), straw yield (6271 kg/ha), protein yield and net return (₹57639/ha) with an application of RDF + 30 kg/ha FeSO4∙7H2O. An application of RDF (120-60-00 kg/ha N-P2O5-K2O) recorded higher value of BCR (2.277).

Impact of Sulphur Nanoparticles on Growth and Biological Yield of Groundnut-Mustard Crop Sequence Under Sandy Loam Soils of Central Gujarat

In the present era of farming, the farmers were not using the secondary fertilizers for supplementing the sulphur nutrient and groundnut and mustard crops require the higher amount of sulphur. While, the traditional sulphur fertilizers have very low nutrient use utilization efficiency, moreover nano fertilizers have high nutrient use efficiency. So, the present experiment was conducted with using the different sources of sulphur. The existing experiment was conducted at Anand Agricultural university, Anand, in 2021-22 using completely randomized design with 11 treatments replication 4 times. The results reveal that the significantly higher plant height at 30 DAS was registered with the application of RDF + sulphur nanoparticles @ 4 mg S/kg (T10), than rest of the treatments. The significantly higher plant height, branches/plant and biological yield of groundnut-mustard cropping sequence was obtained with the fertigation of RDF + sulphur nanoparticles @ 3 mg S/kg soil, 50% at basal & 50% at 30 DAS (T9). It can be concluded that application of 3 mg S/kg soil, 50% at basal & 50% at 30 DAS can be an optimum dose of sulphur in pot experiment through fertigation under sulphur deficient soil.