Application Of Public-private Partnership Research Articles

PUBLIC – PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE FUNCTION OF SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES IN AGRICULTURE

In the global competition in agriculture, countries must allocate considerable financial resources in order to create preconditions for the continuous development of agriculture. Bearing in mind the unfavorable competitive position, the low investment rating, insufficient foreign direct investments, the Republic of Serbia can see its development opportunity in the application of public-private partnership in agriculture. Cooperation models are conditioned by investor plans and regulations created by the state. The mutually significant and complex relationship between the private and public partner beside economic and legal aspects, also acquires significant social and political dimensions. That is why through public-private partnership operations, there is an opportunity to improve the operations of economic entities. The authors conducted a survey of business entities in the territory of Srem, analyzed a successful case and concluded that the mentioned partnership can lead to an improvement in the competitiveness of business entities in the field of agriculture.

Exploring Modalities Best Suited for Public Private Partnership Concession Agreements in the Education Sector of Zambia

The Zambian public sector has been known to face several challenges in the provision of infrastructure among others education infrastructure. Thus, the introduction of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). In as much as the education sector of Zambia can benefit tremendously from the PPP initiative, poorly designed PPP concession agreements risk worsening existing educational sector challenges. The objectives of the paper were to establish the extent of application of PPPs in the Zambian education sector, identify the challenges surrounding concession agreements in PPPs in Zambia, and suggest the right modalities that could be applied to PPP concession agreements in the Zambian education sector. Both secondary and primary data was collected to establish that no private sector entity has had or is currently engaged in an ongoing concession with the Government in the procurement of infrastructure for schools. Challenges surrounding concession agreements in PPPs included contract misspecifications, lack of contractual flexibility, opportunistic behaviour by either party, and shielded concession agreement creation and process. In view of the foregoing, right modalities that could be applied to PPP concession agreements in the Zambian education sector include proper risk allocation, adequate concession period, clear allocation of roles and responsibilities, and inclusion of stabilization clauses.

Making sense of the definition of public-private partnerships

PurposeDespite the widespread study and application of public-private partnerships (PPPs) since the 1980s, the field lacks a universally accepted definition that captures the concept's complexity. This study aims to offer a definition and foster a more substantive and comprehensive discourse on PPPs to improve communication and understanding between academics and practitioners from diverse disciplines and legislative backgrounds.Design/methodology/approachGrounded in the family-resemblance concept proposed by German philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, this study conducts a comprehensive literature review to identify core and non-core elements frequently cited in PPP descriptions. The authors used these findings to develop the PPP sunflower model as a structured framework for defining PPPs.FindingsThe analysis elucidates six core elements consistently present in PPP descriptions: clarity of roles and responsibilities, appropriate risk allocation and sharing, injection of expertise and resources, cooperation and teamwork, a bundle of services, and long-term contracts. Coupled with identified non-core elements, these core components comprise the PPP sunflower model, a structured framework for defining PPPs that accommodates their multi-faceted nature.Originality/valueThe PPP sunflower model distinguishes itself as a unique contribution to the PPP literature. It offers a rigorous theoretical framework that can elucidate the complexity of PPPs for various stakeholders. The model serves as a practical tool for evaluating the authenticity and viability of PPP projects. The study's novelty lies in its adoption of the family-resemblance concept, thereby providing a comprehensive, multi-dimensional framework that enhances the understanding of PPPs across different disciplines and legislative contexts.

Lighting Cities: The Application of Public Private Partnerships to Light Up East African Cities

Urban public lighting is an important ingredient for the social and economic development of cities and the safety and security of their citizens. Existing studies support the need for artificial light in cities to enable around the clock activities and enterprise. Although artificial light is a public service commodity, procuring and maintaining lighting in cities is challenging due to funding shortfalls and a lack of technical expertise. The objective of this paper is to identify ways through which public private partnerships can be used to procure and maintain cost-effective and energy-efficient urban streetlighting and introduces a novel approach to generate a sustainable revenue stream to fund the enterprise.

Insights on co-creation in Mexico: challenges to its application of public-private partnerships

ABSTRACT Co-creation has captured the attention of policy makers and public administrators, not only in developed countries, but also in emerging countries. Its objective is to grant a more central role to citizens/users in the policy process to create public value. While the theory continues to be relatively dispersed in the academic literature, there have been few empirical studies evaluating its applicability in improving public management processes. This article challenges the concept of co-creation by providing an analysis of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in Mexico. Theoretical reflections indicate that co-creation can improve social profitability of projects by proving a participative solution to inefficiencies that are characterized by PPPs. However, the institutional and organizational barriers that hinder a state’s development and progress to develop an effective bureaucracy are still prominent lacking, especially in the developing country context, where corruption is produce and not co-creation.

Analyzing the feasibility for the application of Public private partnership (PPPs) at the Port of Aden

Analyzing the feasibility for the application of Public private partnership (PPPs) at the Port of Aden

Applicability of Public-Private Partnerships in the Development of Affordable Urban Housing in Kenya

The Constitution of Kenya 2010, Kenya Vision 2030, and many international commitments that Kenya is party to obligate the government to deliver decent, affordable, accessible, and quality housing for all Kenyans. Since independence, many strategies to fast-track housing development have been explored with mixed results. The annual housing demand stands at 250,000 units, with only 50,000 being developed through public and private means, hence a deficit of 200,000 units. Application of public-private partnerships (PPPs) models has been projected as the most appropriate strategy through which affordable housing can be availed in the country. PPPs address the problems related to inadequate capital, expertise, managerial, and technological applications that hinder the effective development of affordable urban housing. The study’s main focus was to evaluate the applicability of PPPs in the development of affordable urban housing. The study used the Delphi methodology of investigation, which uses iteration and building consensus to arrive at group decisions. Three Delphi rounds that involved 88 persons in three panels comprised of housing practitioners, housing financiers, and developers. It was found out during the first round that 95.5% of the panelists observed that PPPs can be utilized in the development of affordable urban housing, and 4.5% stated that they believed that PPPs may be inappropriate for the sector. It was also found out that configuring and positioning public and private players’ concerns regarding PPP models increases its applicability in the development of affordable urban housing. The main conclusion from the study is that PPP models are appropriate for the development of affordable urban housing.

Applicability of public-private partnershipsin the development of affordable urban housing in Kenya

The Constitution of Kenya 2010, Kenya Vision 2030, and many international commitments that Kenya is party to obligate the government to deliver decent, affordable, accessible, and quality housing for all Kenyans. Since independence, many strategies to fast-track housing development have been explored with mixed results. The annual housing demand stands at 250,000 units, with only 50,000 being developed through public and private means, hence a deficit of 200,000 units. Application of public-private partnerships (PPPs) models has been projected as the most appropriate strategy through which affordable housing can be availed in the country. PPPs address the problems related to inadequate capital, expertise, managerial, and technological applications that hinder the effective development of affordable urban housing. The study’s main focus was to evaluate the applicability of PPPs in the development of affordable urban housing. The study used the Delphi methodology of investigation, which uses iteration and building consensus to arrive at group decisions. Three Delphi rounds that involved 88 persons in three panels comprised of housing practitioners, housing financiers, and developers. It was found out during the first round that 95.5% of the panelists observed that PPPs can be utilized in the development of affordable urban housing, and 4.5% stated that they believed that PPPs may be inappropriate for the sector. It was also found out that configuring and positioning public and private players’ concerns regarding PPP models increases its applicability in the development of affordable urban housing. The main conclusion from the study is that PPP models are appropriate for the development of affordable urban housing.

Оценка возможностей и ограничений развития коммунальной инфраструктуры на принципах государственно-частного партнерства в регионах России

Public-private partnership (PPP) is one of the promising mechanisms for attracting private funds for infrastructure development. In modern Russia, projects based on the principles of PPP have been implemented for more than 17 years, but so far this topic has not found sufficient coverage in geographical research, although in general experience has been gained in assessing the effects of the implementation of infrastructure projects, and in economics several significant works have been devoted to the application of PPP. In the article, using the example of communal infrastructure, the author presents the concept of a methodology for assessing the regions of Russia on the feasibility of developing infrastructure in them using PPP mechanisms, assessing the opportunities and limitations for the development of such infrastructure. As part of the methodology, an integral index is proposed based on a set of indicators that reflect the region’s need for the development of communal infrastructure, its institutional, budgetary, and financial capabilities, and other factors. Based on the results of the analysis, six groups of regions were identified depending on the final score of the integral index. As a rule, the most economically developed regions, including the largest industrial and resource-producing regions, have the best opportunities for implementing PPP projects, primarily due to the increased competencies of the responsible authorities and the orderliness of the budget system. A definition of PPP is put forward as an institutional innovation that spreads along the center-periphery model. Also, based on the results of the study, proposals are put forward for the development of PPP in regions lagging behind in terms of capabilities.

PPP Model for Airport Development in China: An Assessment of Risks and Potential Solutions

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) models are widely popular all over the world. China witnesses an extraordinarily economic growth and has used a great-amount PPP models in transport infrastructure such as express railway, express highway, municipal road and so on. However, PPP models are still immature in airport in China due to its political, economic, and legal environment. Although many researchers have investigated some reasons of this phenomenon, it is still necessary to investigate more because the PPP models have not been applied in airport nowadays. This paper found the huge amount of investment and long period hinder the application of PPP in airport most, according to questionnaires and interviews from public. And we also proposed several potential solutions, such as making multi-stage development strategy, selling real estate development right near the airport and adding more recreation facilities at the airport, which are helpful to promote the utilization of PPP in airport.

Managing Stakeholder Opportunism in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Housing Projects

Stakeholder opportunistic behaviour has been reported as one of the reasons for failure in public-private partnership (PPP) housing projects. This study aimed at managing stakeholder opportunistic behaviours in PPP housing projects in Abuja, Nigeria with view to devise strategies for addressing the menace towards successful application of PPP in housing. Purposeful sampling technique was used to select the study sample from the total population. A total of 93 questionnaires were administered, out of these, 61 were duly completed and used for the study. The study adopted the ranking model and mean rating in analysing the data. Conflict of interest and lack of trust were the major determinants of opportunism manifesting in deliberate underbidding by private sectors and delays in disbursement of approved project funds. Strategic behaviours can effectively be prevented and mitigated by developing trust among stakeholder and use of contract structure. The study suggests structuring of contracts such that opportunism is avoided or reduced to acceptable level, building of trust among stakeholders and building an environment with adequate incentives to penalise collusion attempts as strategies for preventing and mitigating opportunism in PPP housing projects.

Developing Public–Private Partnership Projects to Enhance Innovation Capability in the Defence Industry

The relevance of this study resides in the need to determine the key measures for a more effective application of the mechanism of public–private partnerships (PPP) in the implementation of large-scale infrastructure projects, aimed at developing the innovation potential of the Russian defence–industrial complex (DIC). Through the analysis of foreign practices of the application of PPP in the defence industry, representing a vast body of scientific and popular literature on the development of the defence industry in the U.S. and the countries of Europe and Asia, as well as a review of the domestic regulatory framework, the authors have identified the most common and key problems that are obstacles to the effective and sustainable development of PPP mechanisms, and their application not only in the civil, but also in the defence sector. This work pays specific attention to the requirements that are imposed on public and private partners in the process of implementing PPP projects in the context of SDO performance, along with the risks that are inevitably associated with the activities of each of the parties. As a result, the authors present a graphical interpretation of the algorithm for financing the state defence order (SDO) and disclose the system of interaction between the elements of a given algorithm, as well as formulating an essential recommendation for the further development of PPP in Russia.

International experience in the application of public-private partnership in the field of healthcare

The modernization of the healthcare sector today is intricately associated with the necessity of additional financial investments, including private capital, which is also reflected in the general global trends in the development of public-private partnership (PPP) practices. Today, PPPs are becoming an effective mechanism for implementing innovative treatment practices, re-equipping medical institutions, improving the quality of medical care, and modernizing and digitalizing the healthcare sector altogether. In this regard, it becomes urgent to study the best practices of applying the PPP mechanism in the field of healthcare in different countries for the possibility of adapting the successful experiences in the Russian reality.
 To date, no state has been able to build an ideal system of PPP. Thus, in the field of healthcare, it is critically important to conduct regular analysis of PPP projects, study mistakes and apply positive practices aimed to improve the procedures and mechanisms for effective cooperation between business and the state.

Enhancing nutrition specific interventions through public health policies and public-private partnerships in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a desk review

Background: Public private partnerships (PPPs) in public health have been widely promoted as an effective tool for accelerating progress toward achieving the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG2 “to eliminate hunger”. Partnership with the private sector was found to be very instrumental in improving the nutritional status of poor and food-insecure people and promoting healthy lifestyles. In countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), PPPs for nutrition actions have been mainly driven by the United Nations (UN) and international development agencies to support low and middle-income countries in achieving better health outcomes. Despite the increased prominence of engaging the private sector in public health actions in the EMR, evidence on the role of the private sector in the design/implementation of these actions is still not documented. The objective of this study is to assess the role and contribution of the private sector in the design/implementation of nutrition-specific interventions addressing the double burden of malnutrition in countries from the EMR and identify the key factors for successful PPP implementation. Methods: The study design was descriptive using secondary data obtained from digital internet sources, including World Health Organization (WHO) databases, grey literature, and websites of the UN and international development agencies. Results: The desk review revealed that the private sector has played a sizable role in the implementation of food fortification initiatives and in the implementation of nutritional policies promoting healthy diets. The experience of the EMR shows the significant impact of government commitment, and the availability of national policies and systems for monitoring and enforcement on the sustainability and effectiveness of PPP-specific nutrition interventions. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the key actions recommended for governments to enhance the application of PPPs as a tool to accelerate the EMR’s progress toward achieving nutrition targets under SDG2 by 2030.

A Government Subsidy Model for Expressway Public Private Partnerships Projects Based on Project Revenue Features and Whole Life-cycle Management

Popularisation and application of Public Private Partnerships (PPP) model is an important measure used to deepen the investment and financing reform of China. The transportation industry actively explores and promotes the wide application of PPP models as they have injected new impetus into the construction and development of transportation investment. For PPP projects of expressways that are subsidised by government in the construction or operation period, since the traffic flow in the project construction period or the early operation period is low, the government subsidy is more concentrated and the payments are high, which aggravates pressure on the fiscal purse in the current period and is not conducive to the realisation of smooth fiscal expenditure in the project cooperation period. In this regard, aiming at the features of the investment revenue of expressway projects, a whole life-cycle government optimisation of subsidy mode is proposed through the analysis of the problems existing in the general subsidy mode of the PPP model in the present work. The results show that the proposed model can not only smooth government expenditure in the project’s cooperation period, but also fully exploit the advantages of higher income in the middle and later stages of project operation and maximise the growth potential of government revenue. The results of the research can provide decision-making reference for the development of innovative PPP models for transportation infrastructure in the new Era.

ECONOMIC AND ANALYTICAL INNOVATIONS IN ENSURING THE INTERACTION OF CONSTRUCTION STAKEHOLDERS IN PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS

This article presents the peculiarities of the development of public-private partnership (PPP) projects, types and forms of PPP models used, as well as identifies current problems and obstacles to the implementation of PPP and provides recommendations for overcoming them in the construction industry of Ukraine. The main features and areas of application of PPP have been previously identified. It is emphasized that an important prerequisite for motivating the private sector to join a public-private partnership is compliance with clear legal formal rules in the institutional system. Attention is paid to the improvement of the process of formation and implementation of investment strategy by enterprises of the construction industry, substantiation of theoretical and instrumental procedures of the process of development and adoption of investment decisions at the regional level. The structural-functional method of scientific analysis used in the study allowed to determine that the PPP management system is a complex of structural elements of the national economy, united by various, specific in content, connections and relationships due to mutual integration of interests, responsibilities and risks. This system contains institutions, processes, economic levers of purposeful influence and incentives that create the conditions for a motivated effective partnership between the state and private business structures. The issues of investment management on the development and implementation of organizational and economic mechanism for the implementation of investment and construction projects on the basis of PPP are considered. This requires urgent implementation of mechanisms of organizational and economic changes for the forced development of domestic construction companies, taking into account international achievements in this field of activity and national economic interests; ensuring close intersectoral interaction of construction stakeholders and structural transformations in accordance with the requirements of PPP projects.

Enabling Successful Application of PPPs in New (Inexperienced) Markets: Implications of PPPs’ Success and Failure in Toll Roads

AbstractDespite previously successfully delivery of toll roads through public-private partnership (PPP), inexperienced (new) markets are more susceptible to failures due to the complexities involve...

An Analysis of Public-Private Partnerships in East Africa

The impact of the implementation of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the Sub-Saharan African region on infrastructure and services is becoming increasingly perceptible. A considerable number of African countries have embraced PPPs as a mechanism to finance large projects due to a constrained fiscus. At present, many financial institutions, such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the African Development Bank, which finance some of the projects, have established a department or unit that mainly focuses on infrastructure development in developing countries. The private sector in Africa is equally seen as a significant partner in the development of infrastructure. African governments need to tap into private capital to invest in infrastructure projects. This scientific discussion provides an analysis of PPPs in the East African region. This article selected a number of countries to illustrate PPP projects in the sub-region. The analysis of this study illustrates that the East African region represents unique and valuable public-private partnership lessons in different countries. This study also traces the origins of PPPs to more than a century ago where developed countries completed some of their projects using the same arrangement. This paper further demonstrates that the application of PPPs is always characterised by three factors, namely a country, a sector and a project. Experts in the field often refer to these elements as layers, which usually precede any successful PPP.

Gauging the stakeholders\u2019 perspective: towards PPP in building sectors and housing

While Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is widely adopted across various sectors, it raises a question on its meagre utilisation in the housing sector. This paper, therefore, gauges the perspective of the stakeholders in the building industry towards the application of PPP in various building sectors together with housing. It assesses the performance reliability of PPP for housing by learning possible take-aways from other sectors. The role of key stakeholders in the industry becomes highly responsible for an informed understanding and decision-making. To this end, a two-tier investigation was conducted including surveys and expert interviews, with several stakeholders in the PPP industry in Europe, involving the public sector, private sector, consultants, as well as other community/user representatives. The survey results demonstrated the success rate with PPPs, major factors important for PPPs such as profitability or end-user acceptability, the prevalent practices and trends in the PPP world, and the majority of support expressed in favour of the suitability of PPP for housing. The interviews added more detailed dimensions to the understanding of the PPP industry, its functioning and enabling the formation of a comprehensive outlook. The results present the perspective, approaches, and experiences of stakeholders over PPP practices, current trends and scenarios and their take on PPP in housing. It shall aid in understanding the challenges prevalent in the PPP approach for implementation in housing and enable the policymakers and industry stakeholders to make provisions for higher uptake to accelerate housing provision.

Enhanced role of private sector through public private partnerships in low income urban housing in Kenya

PurposeLow income urban housing in Kenya is underdeveloped as a result of uninnovative financing, hence the many slums and informal settlements in the country, hence the need for enhanced participation of the private sector through application of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs), which has been cited as one of the possible solutions. The purpose of this study was to investigate and make predictions of the need for enhanced role of private sector in developing low income urban housing in Kenya through PPPs.Design/methodology/approachDelphi method of research was used to forecast the enhanced role of private sector through PPPs in the development of low income urban housing in Kenya. Three rounds Delphi iterations using three panels of housing financiers (30 in number), housing developers (28 in number) and housing practitioners (30 in number) were used. Data was collected through questionnaires throughout the three rounds, where the first round was exploratory in nature, the second round built on answers from round one, while round three was based on answers from round two, after which the mean and standard deviation values were calculated to show the level of consensus.FindingsResults showed that PPPs is one of the plausible ways through which low income urban housing in Kenya can be developed to address its shortage. Private sector in PPP transaction brings innovative technology, finance and efficiency, while government brings its assets such as land and other regulations long term contracts.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was focussed on the Nairobi city county area in analysing the need for enhanced role of the private parties. It focussed on a panel of Housing practitioners-officers in the State Department for housing and Nairobi city county; housing financiers and housing developers, without interviewing the beneficiaries of the method.Practical implicationsIt was, therefore, found out that PPPs models are applicable in developing low income urban housing because the country has the enabling environment for its effective application going forward. The implication of this study is that low income urban housing can be developed through the model.Social implicationsThe slums and informal settlements will have adequate, affordable and quality housing being introduced within their neighbourhoods, which reduces political and societal animosities.Originality/valueThis research has benefited from published literature on PPPs and original research on PPPs.